Influence of the Cutting Variables on the Surface Roughness of Alloy Steels Machined With Cylindrical Grinding

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulay Cassier ◽  
Patricia Mun˜oz-Escalona ◽  
Carlos Tepedino
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Aisi 4140 ◽  
Alloy Steels

In machining precision mechanical parts, the prediction and the control of the desired surface roughness is very important. The grinding process requires a good control of the operative variables to guarantee best results. This research analyses the influence of the cutting variables such as workpiece speed, wheels grain size, down feed, and workpiece hardness on the surface finish and it is shown how the surface roughness improves when using low values of workpiece speed, transverse feed and down feed, as well as a small wheel grain size. A mathematical expression for roughness, Ra, as a function of the cutting variables and the mechanical properties, is obtained in order to predict the value of surface roughness. AISI 4140, AISI 4340 and AISI O1 alloy steels under different conditions were used for the experiments.

Study on the Grinding Process of Ceramic Zirconia Oxide Rod

2014 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Shinn Liang Chang ◽  
Dai Jia Juan ◽  
Bean Yin Lee ◽  
You Jhih Lin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Hard Machining ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
Diamond Grain ◽  
Zirconia Oxide

Grinding technology is used in this study to overcome the hard machining of ceramic with hard and brittle characteristics. The grinding machine with diamond grain size 25 and 5 , spindles speed 1720 rpm and 3450 rpm are applied. Combining the unintentional roll clamp and the grinding machine, ceramic rods can be ground to the desired size.In the research, surface profilometer is applied to measure the rod surface roughness of processing results under different conditions. The results show that the grinding wheel with finer particle, the roughness of the ground ceramic rod will be better. While the rotation speed of grinding wheel is increased, the surface roughness will have the same trend.

scholarly journals Research on selection of abrasive grain size and cutting parameters when grinding of interrupted surface using aluminum oxide grinding wheel with ceramic binder

2022 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Do Duc Trung ◽  
Le Dang Ha
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Testing Sample ◽  
Abrasive Grain ◽  
Ceramic Binder

In this article, a study on intermittent surface grinding using aluminum oxide grinding wheel with ceramic binder is presented. The testing material is 20XH3A steel (GOST standard – Russian Federation). The testing sample has been sawn 6 grooves, with the width of each groove of 10 mm, the grooves are evenly distributed on the circumference of sample. The testing sample resembles a splined shaft. An experimental matrix of nine experiments has been built by Taguchi method, in which abrasive grain size, workpiece speed, feed rate and depth of cut were selected as input variables. At each experiment, surface roughness (Ra) and roundness error (RE) have been measured. Experimental results show that the aluminum oxide and ceramic binder grinding wheels are perfectly suitable for grinding intermittent surface of 20XH3A steel. Data Envelopment Analysis based Ranking (DEAR) method has been used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. The results also showed that in order to simultaneously ensure minimum surface roughness and RE, abrasive grain size is 80 mesh, workpiece speed is 910 rpm, feed rate is 0.05 mm/rev and depth of cut is 0.01 mm. If evaluating the grinding process through two criteria including surface roughness and RE, depth of cut is the parameter having the greatest effect on the grinding process, followed by the influence of feed rate, workpiece speed, and abrasive grain is the parameter having the least effect on the grinding process. In addition, the effect of each input parameter on each output parameter has also been analyzed, and orientations for further works have also been recommended in this article

Genetic Programming for Grinding Surface Roughness Modelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 565 ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Xun Chen ◽  
Asma Alabed
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Reliable Prediction ◽  
Modelling Process

Grinding process is commonly selected for finishing operation because grinding has high accuracy and surface finish with a relatively high material removal rate. One of the most common issues in grinding process planning is to determine grinding condition for required surface roughness. This paper presents a feasibility study on grinding surface roughness modelling using genetic programming (GP) method. It has successfully demonstrated that GP could provide reliable prediction and has advantages over other established methods in terms of dealing with missing data during modelling process.

Residual Stresses around Indentations in Alumina/SiC Nanocomposites [Abstract + Supplemental Data]

2006 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apichart Limpichaipanit ◽  
Richard Ian Todd
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Intergranular Fracture ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Transgranular Fracture ◽  
Pure Alumina ◽  
Worn Surface

AbstractAlumina/SiC nanocomposites are more wear resistant and have better surface finish than pure alumina of a similar grain size. Grain pullouts caused by intergranular fracture are observed on worn surfaces of alumina whereas only a few pullouts resulting from transgranular fracture and scratches caused by plastic deformation are the main features of a worn surface of the nanocomposites. Surface mechanical properties were investigated by Cr3+ fluorescence microscopy. The experiments were carried out using a variety of microstructures.

scholarly journals Surface Roughness Optimization Of Machining Parameters In Machining Of Composite Materials

2011 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
M. Ramesh ◽  
R.P. Elvin ◽  
K. Palanikumar ◽  
K.Hemachandra Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Taguchi’S Technique ◽  
Performance Surface ◽  
Carbide Insert

The term machinability refers to the ease with which a metal can be machined to an acceptance surface finish. The factors that typically improve a material’s performance often degrade its machinability. Therefore, to manufacture components economically, engineers are challenged to find ways to improve machinability without harming performance. Surface finish is an important parameter in manufacturing engineering. It is a characteristic that can influence the performance of mechanical parts and production costs. The investigation of influence of cutting conditions in turning of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 is made in this project. The experimental design was formed based on Taguchi’s technique. An orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANNOVA) are employed to investigate the turning conditions and machining was done using CVD triangular carbide insert. The objective was to establish correlation between cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut and optimize the turning conditions based on surface roughness. These correlations are obtained by multiple regression analysis.

scholarly journals Effect of ECAP Die Angle on Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of SS316L

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Dayangku Noorfazidah Awang Sh’ri ◽  
Zahiruddeen Salam Zahari ◽  
Akiko Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Ultrafine Grain ◽  
Ecap Processing ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Ecap Process ◽  
Subsequent Effect

In this study, ultrafine grain (UFG) SS316L was produced using an equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process at two different die angles namely 120° and 126°. The effect of different die angles on mechanical, corrosion, and surface properties were thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, the subsequent effect on the cytotoxicity of SS316L was investigated. The microstructure observation shows ECAP processing has produced an elongated, finer grain size at 120° than 126°. The ECAP processing also increases the hardness of SS316L. There is no change in wettability and surface roughness observed. However, the ectrochemical measurement reveals that ECAP processing improves the corrosion resistance of SS316L. The cytocompatibility of ECAPed SS316L was evaluated by both a direct and an extract methods, finding the contribution of grain refinement by ECAP processing.

Proposal of Surface Finish Factor on Fatigue Strength in Design Fatigue Curve

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Fukuta ◽  
Hiroshi Kanasaki ◽  
Seiji Asada ◽  
Takehiko Sera
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Fatigue Curve ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Mean Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Surface Finish Effect

The published papers related to the effects of surface finish on fatigue strength are reviewed in order to formulate its factor in the design fatigue curve in air environment. Firstly, some of regulations and literatures were examined to verify the surface finish effect on fatigue strength and formulation of that in design fatigue curve. The fatigue strength of carbon and low alloy steels is decreased with an increase of its surface roughness and tensile strength but that of stainless steel is not decreased except for special conditions. After screening the data of carbon and low alloy steels, a surface finish factor is formulated with these data which is a function of tensile strength, surface roughness and mean stress.

Effect of Grain Refiners and/or Modifiers on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si Alloy (LM6)

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 794-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Prema ◽  
T.M. Chandrashekharaiah ◽  
P. Farida Begum
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Alloy Casting ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Melt Treatment ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Master Alloys

Grain refinement is one of the most important and popular melt treatment process for Al-Si alloy casting. Microstructure and mechanical properties of commercially available Aluminium Silicon alloy LM6 can be improved with the addition of grain refiners and modifiers as these provide technical and economic advantages. This paper is an effort to study the effects of addition of grain refiners and modifiers to the eutectic Al – Si alloy LM6. Commercially available Al - Si alloy LM6 (eutectic = 12% Si) is grain refined with Al-5Ti-1B and Al-3B; and modified with Al-10Sr master alloys. These were added individually and then tested for its unique mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, hardness and wear; which are co-related with the machining tests such as turning, surface roughness and drilling. The test results are compared with microstructure of the samples observed through SEM.The mechanical properties of this alloy can be altered after addition of master alloys, which in turn alter the grain size. Thus the results conclude that the mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys in general are controlled by a number of principal microstructural features. A fine grain size is desirable, leading to improvement of mechanical properties.

Effect of raster inclinations and part positions on mechanical properties, surface roughness and manufacturing price of printed parts produced by fused deposition method

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 7416-7423
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yunus ◽  
Mohammad S. Alsoufi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Proper Values

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has the ability to produce parts or products using data from 3D CAD models based on adding material. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is among the most popular AM technologies wherein the plastic materials like acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene filaments get added in the form of semi-molten plastic layers from bottom to top to produce the final product. Besides, the merits of using the FDM process, it faces challenges related to strength, dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and so on. The mechanical, tribological, and surface finish of functional parts is an essential consideration in FDM. In this work, the role of process parameters such as the part positions and raster inclinations involved in the manufacturing of parts by FDM has been evaluated experimentally to obtain the desired properties for reducing production time, the quantity of supporting material, and overall cost including maintenance costs. The study revealed that part position is a more significant parameter than the raster inclinations on the surface roughness and mechanical properties of the FDM parts. It also concludes with the proper values of part positions and raster inclinations for achieving optimal mechanical properties, roughness, and manufacturing costs to withstand operating loading conditions.

Effect of Hardness, Surface Finish, and Grain Size on Rolling-Contact Fatigue Life of M-50 Bearing Steel

1960 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Contact Fatigue Strength ◽  
Contact Fatigue Life

The effect of hardness, surface finish, and grain size upon the compressive rolling-contact fatigue strength of M-50 bearing steel has been studied. Considerable testing on the RC Rig and statistical-treatment methods have been included. A mathematical expression relating these variables to life expectancy is presented and the optimization of these variables is discussed. It is shown that bearing fatigue of M-50 increases by increasing hardness, decreasing surface, and increasing grain size. The optimum life identified occurs at Rc64 hardness, 1.5 rms surface finish, and a grain size of ASTM 2.

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