High-speed resolution-enhanced quantum imaging of living organisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Gilaberte Basset ◽  
Markus Gräfe ◽  
Tobias Gäbler ◽  
Jorge Fuenzalida Córdova ◽  
Sebastian Töpfer
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Quantum Imaging ◽  
Living Organisms

scholarly journals Formation of Elements and Compounds in Space in Early Universe

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Abdul L. Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Virtual State ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Universe

<p class="1Body">At the end of the period of contraction of the universe, all objects transform into gravity particles such as photons and electron- positron pairs which exist in virtual state in spacetime at an extremely high temperature. These particles move with extremely high speed comparable to the speed of light. As the early universe starts cooling, the speed of the particles starts to decrease when photons and electron- positron pairs move out of spacetime and appear as real particles. As the temperature continues to fall due to cooling, the electron- positron pairs start forming quarks (u and d) while simultaneously the energy of photons transform into dark matter. The u quarks and d quarks then continue to form nuclei of different elements including radio elements. Simultaneously, the lighter elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, etc. form the precursors to DNAs and RNAs of living organisms.</p>

Light-sensitive biosensors based on photoactive marine cultivated strains

Sensor Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Habibi ◽  
Maryam Fanaei ◽  
Giti Emtiazi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electronic Imaging ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Living Organisms

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to construct imaging pixels using novel bioactive films. Despite the notable progress in electronic imaging devices, these sensors still cannot compete with biological vision counterparts such as the human eye. Light sensitive biolayers and pigments in living organisms show superior performance in terms of low noise operation and speed. Although photoactive biolayers have been used to construct electronic imaging devices, they are usually hard to develop, and the organisms that produce these active layers have low growth rates. Design/methodology/approach – Among 40 pigment producing prokaryotic marine bacteria, four strains which show faster growth rates in the presence of light are screened and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and visible absorption. Subsequently, they are used as active layers in light sensitive sensors. The performance of the obtained cells is eventually evaluated by time domain photoresponse measurements. Findings – It is shown that while the obtained strains have high growth rates and their mass volume reproduction is relatively simple, they provide many interesting characteristics such as high speed and low noise operation when incorporated as photosensitive layers. Originality/value – Because the mass reproduction of the obtained cultures is simple, they are an appropriate choice for use in planner and flexible document imaging devices and DNA microarray sensors.

scholarly journals Constructing a Dual-Function Surface by Microcasting and Nanospraying for Efficient Drag Reduction and Potential Antifouling Capabilities

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liguo Qin ◽  
Mahshid Hafezi ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Guangneng Dong ◽  
Yali Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Shark Skin ◽  
Biomimetic Surface ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Living Organisms

To improve the drag-reducing and antifouling performance of marine equipment, it is indispensable to learn from structures and materials that are found in nature. This is due to their excellent properties, such as intelligence, microminiaturization, hierarchical assembly, and adaptability. Considerable interest has arisen in fabricating surfaces with various types of biomimetic structures, which exhibit promising and synergistic performances similar to living organisms. In this study, a dual bio-inspired shark-skin and lotus-structure (BSLS) surface was developed for fabrication on commercial polyurethane (PU) polymer. Firstly, the shark-skin pattern was transferred on the PU by microcasting. Secondly, hierarchical micro- and nanostructures were introduced by spraying mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs). The dual biomimetic substrates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle characterization, antifouling, self-cleaning, and water flow impacting experiments. The results revealed that the BSLS surface exhibited dual biomimetic features. The micro- and nano-lotus-like structures were localized on a replicated shark dermal denticle. A contact angle of 147° was observed on the dual-treated surface and the contact angle hysteresis was decreased by 20% compared with that of the nontreated surface. Fluid drag was determined with shear stress measurements and a drag reduction of 36.7% was found for the biomimetic surface. With continuous impacting of high-speed water for up to 10 h, the biomimetic surface stayed superhydrophobic. Material properties such as inhibition of protein adsorption, mechanical robustness, and self-cleaning performances were evaluated, and the data indicated these behaviors were significantly improved. The mechanisms of drag reduction and self-cleaning are discussed. Our results indicate that this method is a potential strategy for efficient drag reduction and antifouling capabilities.

scholarly journals Soft phototactic swimmer based on self-sustained hydrogel oscillator

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (33) ◽  
pp. eaax7112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusen Zhao ◽  
Chen Xuan ◽  
Xiaoshi Qian ◽  
Yousif Alsaid ◽  
Mutian Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Solar Sails ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Light Material ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Oscillations are widely found in living organisms to generate propulsion-based locomotion often driven by constant ambient conditions, such as phototactic movements. Such environment-powered and environment-directed locomotions may advance fully autonomous remotely steered robots. However, most man-made oscillations require nonconstant energy input and cannot perform environment-dictated movement. Here, we report a self-sustained soft oscillator that exhibits perpetual and untethered locomotion as a phototactic soft swimming robot, remotely fueled and steered by constant visible light. This particular out-of-equilibrium actuation arises from a self-shadowing–enabled negative feedback loop inherent in the dynamic light–material interactions, promoted by the fast and substantial volume change of the photoresponsive hydrogel. Our analytical model and governing equation unveil the oscillation mechanism and design principle with key parameters identified to tune the dynamics. On this autonomous oscillator platform, we establish a broadly applicable principle for converting a continuous input into a discontinuous output. The modular design can be customized to accommodate various forms of input energy and to generate diverse oscillatory behaviors. The hydrogel oscillator showcases agile life-like omnidirectional motion in the entire three-dimensional space with near-infinite degrees of freedom. The large force generated by the powerful and long-lasting oscillation can sufficiently overcome water damping and effectively self-propel away from a light source. Such a hydrogel oscillator–based all-soft swimming robot, named OsciBot, demonstrated high-speed and controllable phototactic locomotion. This autonomous robot is battery free, deployable, scalable, and integratable. Artificial phototaxis opens broad opportunities in maneuverable marine automated systems, miniaturized transportation, and solar sails.

scholarly journals Trends in Biotechnological Development of Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
V. F. Fedorenko
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Living Organisms

Modern strategies of biotechnological development are expected to dramatically change not only production processes in agriculture, but the requirements to agricultural infrastructure, and the development strategy of rural territories as well. In the early 2000s, the construction of roads and water pipelines, gasifi cation, sustainable supply of electricity were among the main priorities. But current vital needs include sustainable mobile communication, high-speed Internet, Internet of things, digital technologies, robotics, smart farming etc. Only in this case agricultural production may experience maximum synergetic impact. (Research purpose) Evaluation and determination of the most optimal mechanisms and tools for the development and implementation of the biotechnological capacity of agriculture, working out proposals for consolidating the eff orts of the governement and agribusiness to transform the country into a leading agricultural and food power. (Materials and methods) The author analyzed agricultural development trends in modern conditions; evaluated the eff ectiveness of the processes determining the validity and reasonability of the implementation of innovative, best available, additive, digital, and other technologies in the production process. (Results and discussions) It has been determined that, in recent years, the most popular and sought-after are the technologies, which have ensured the achievement of the maximum synergistic eff ect from natural and biological resources utilized by agricultural producers, farmers and agricultural holdings. These include land, agricultural landscapes, soil biocenoses, water, and genetic productivity resources, i.e. plants, livestock, poultry, aquaculture objects, and other cultivated living organisms used by people, while observing the environmental law and preserving natural environment. (Conclusions) It has been established that modern vectors of biotechnological development radically change not only agricultural production processes, but also the requirements for agricultural infrastructure and the concept of rural area development. Currently, the four main strategies based on the paradigm of maximized utilization of the existing agrobiotechnological resources are considered to be the most vital, sustainable, and promising ones.

scholarly journals Computational optical sectioning with an incoherent multiscale scattering model for light-field microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Zhi Lu ◽  
Jiamin Wu ◽  
Xing Lin ◽  
Dong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Optical Sectioning ◽  
Complete Space ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Scattering Model ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractQuantitative volumetric fluorescence imaging at high speed across a long term is vital to understand various cellular and subcellular behaviors in living organisms. Light-field microscopy provides a compact computational solution by imaging the entire volume in a tomographic way, while facing severe degradation in scattering tissue or densely-labelled samples. To address this problem, we propose an incoherent multiscale scattering model in a complete space for quantitative 3D reconstruction in complicated environments, which is called computational optical sectioning. Without the requirement of any hardware modifications, our method can be generally applied to different light-field schemes with reduction in background fluorescence, reconstruction artifacts, and computational costs, facilitating more practical applications of LFM in a broad community. We validate the superior performance by imaging various biological dynamics in Drosophila embryos, zebrafish larvae, and mice.

Redox Reactions in Lipid Membranes as a Model for Primordial Energy-Conserving Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Vacuum System to Minimize the Specimen Contamination of High-Performance EM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Shirota ◽  
T. Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cascade Type

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.

The on-line use of histogram data for high-speed correction and alignment of electron microscope images

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
William Krakow
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
On Line ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
The Fourier Transform

In the past few years on-line digital television frame store devices coupled to computers have been employed to attempt to measure the microscope parameters of defocus and astigmatism. The ultimate goal of such tasks is to fully adjust the operating parameters of the microscope and obtain an optimum image for viewing in terms of its information content. The initial approach to this problem, for high resolution TEM imaging, was to obtain the power spectrum from the Fourier transform of an image, find the contrast transfer function oscillation maxima, and subsequently correct the image. This technique requires a fast computer, a direct memory access device and even an array processor to accomplish these tasks on limited size arrays in a few seconds per image. It is not clear that the power spectrum could be used for more than defocus correction since the correction of astigmatism is a formidable problem of pattern recognition.

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