scholarly journals Relationship between Anxiety, Self-Confidence, and Evaluation of Coaching Behaviors

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Kenow ◽  
Jean M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Coaching Behaviors ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Evaluation Of Coaching ◽  
Coaching Behavior

Two experiments examined Smoll and Smith’s (1989) model of leadership behaviors in sport. The coaching behaviors of a male head coach of a collegiate women’s basketball team (n=11 players) were examined. The data supported competitive trait anxiety as an individual-difference variable that mediates athletes’ perception and evaluation of coaching behaviors. There also was support for adding athletes’ state cognitive anxiety, state self-confidence, and perception of the coach’s cognitive anxiety to the model as individual-difference variables. Athletes who scored high in trait anxiety (p<.001) and state cognitive anxiety (p<.05) and low in state self-confidence (p<.05), and athletes who perceived the coach as high in state cognitive anxiety (p<.001), evaluated coaching behavior more negatively. Game outcome may influence the effect of self-confidence in mediating athletes’ perception and evaluation of coaching behaviors. Additionally, athletes perceived several specific coaching behaviors more negatively than did the coach, and athletes drastically overestimated their coach’s self-reported pregame cognitive and somatic anxiety and underestimated his self-confidence. Overall, the results suggest that coaches should be more supportive and less negative with high anxious and low self-confident athletes.

Response Distortion on Self-Report Questionnaires with Female Collegiate Golfers

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Williams ◽  
Vikki Krane
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Division I ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety

Self-report measures of psychological states are commonly used in sport psychology research and practice, yet the possibility of response bias due to social desirability (repressive defensiveness) often has been overlooked. The present study was designed to examine whether or not a significant relationship exists between social desirability and competitive trait anxiety and the CSAI-2 subscales measuring state somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. The participants were 58 female collegiate golfers representing 13 NCAA Division I universities. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated that competitive trait anxiety (−.24), self-confidence (.45, .38), and cognitive anxiety (−.24) appeared to be influenced by social desirability distortion. If the present findings are replicated in future studies using the SCAT, CSAI-2, and other inventories, the field of sport psychology may need to reexamine some of the theoretical and application conclusions drawn from previous research in which no attempt was made to eliminate data from subjects who may have distorted their responses.

scholarly journals Factor Structure of the Coaching Behavior Questionnaire and Its Relationship to Athlete Variables

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Williams ◽  
Laura J. Kenow ◽  
Gerald J. Jerome ◽  
Tracie Rogers ◽  
Tessa A. Sartain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Coaching Behaviors ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Coaching Behavior

Little research exists to identify optimal coaching behaviors and factors that influence the effectiveness of particular behaviors. The present study tested 484 athletes in order to determine sub-scales on the Coaching Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). The CBQ measures athletes’ perceptions of coaching behaviors and evaluates their effectiveness in helping athletes play better and maintain optimal mental states and focus. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the two-factor model (negative activation, supportiveness/emotional composure) derived from an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Correlational analyses indicated that athletes with higher anxiety and lower self-confidence and compatibility with the coach were more likely to negatively evaluate coaching behaviors. The results support and expand on Smoll and Smith’s (1989) model of leadership behaviors in sport.

Anxiety and Burnout in Female Collegiate Ice Hockey and Soccer Athletes

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Wiggins ◽  
Christopher Lai ◽  
Jay A. Deiters
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Division I ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety

The purpose of this study was to assess whether athletes who perceived their scores on trait anxiety to be debilitative to performance also experienced higher burnout scores. 84 NCAA Division I female ice hockey and soccer athletes, ages 18 to 23 years, volunteered. Participants were given a trait version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 with an added direction scale to collect general perceptions of anxiety. They also completed the Burnout Inventory for Athletes. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance for group anxiety yielded an overall significant effect, with the Facilitative group ( n = 40) reporting a lower mean burnout score. Mean intensity of cognitive anxiety was significantly higher for the Debilitative group ( n = 44), while mean self-confidence intensity was significantly higher for the Facilitative group.

THE EMPATHY LEVELS OF WOMEN PLAYING IN BASKETBALL LEAGUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
pp. 760-768
Author(s):  
Nida Gencer ÖZKAN ◽  
◽  
Tülin ATAN
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Coaching Behaviors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

The aim of this study was to investigate the basketball players’, active in Turkey Women’s Basketball Super and 1st Leagues, empathy levels according to their marital status, educational status in addition to age and marital status of their coach; and to evaluate leadership characteristics and behavior of their coaches according to athlete’s perception. Another aim was to analyze the relation between empathy levels of the athletes and athletes’ perception of coaching behavior. 264 (age; 24.61±5.53 year) female athletes playing in Turkey Women’s Basketball Super and 1st Leagues participated in this study. Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS)-version of Athletes’ Perception of Coaching Behavior that developed by Chelladurai and Saleh, and adapted by Tiryaki and Toros in 2006 was used as data collection tool. Athletes’ perceptions of leadership style and behavior of their coach were evaluated in five different factors. A five-factor solution with 40 items describing the most salient dimensions of coaching behavior was selected as the most meaningful. Empathy levels of the athletes were determined by using Emphatic Tendency Scale which was developed by Dökmen (1988) and composed of 20 items. Empathy levels of the athletes showed no statistically significant difference in terms of any variable (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in athletes’ perceptions of coaching behaviors in terms of marital status of the athlete and age of their coach (p>0.05). In terms of educational status of athletes and marital status of their coach, there were statistically significant differences in athletes’ perceptions of coaching behaviors (p<0.05 and p<0.01). Positive and meaningful correlation was found between empathy scores of the athletes and training and instruction behavior (r=.172**) and autocratic behavior (r=.154*) of the coach (p<0.05 and p<0.01). Educational status of the athletes and marital status of their coach are influental in athletes’ evaluation of their perceptions of coaching behavior. Empathy levels of the athletes are related to their perceptions of coaching behavior.

scholarly journals Salivary oxytocin, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in pre-competition athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene La Fratta ◽  
Sara Franceschelli ◽  
Lorenza Speranza ◽  
Antonia Patruno ◽  
Carlo Michetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Psychophysiological Stress ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIt is well known that soccer sport has the potential for high levels of stress and anxiety and that these are linked to Cortisol (C) variations. To date, much research has been devoted to understanding how Oxytocin (OT) can affect anxiety in response to a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate, in 56 young male soccer players, the psychophysiological stress response 96 and 24 h before one soccer match of a tournament, in order to establish whether athletes who won or lost, show different levels of C and OT or expressions of competitive state anxiety subcomponents. We found that winners had significantly lower Cognitive anxiety and higher Self-confidence scores than losers. Also, significant differences between winners and losers in C and OT concentrations were observed, with higher OT levels in who has won and higher C levels in who has lost. Our results showed interesting associations between OT, C, anxiety feelings, and the outcome of competition.

scholarly journals Observational Fear Learning in Rats: Role of Trait Anxiety and Ultrasonic Vocalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Markus Fendt ◽  
Claudia Paulina Gonzalez-Guerrero ◽  
Evelyn Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalization ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Learning Procedure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Rats can acquire fear by observing conspecifics that express fear in the presence of conditioned fear stimuli. This process is called observational fear learning and is based on the social transmission of the demonstrator rat’s emotion and the induction of an empathy-like or anxiety state in the observer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of trait anxiety and ultrasonic vocalization in observational fear learning. Two experiments with male Wistar rats were performed. In the first experiment, trait anxiety was assessed in a light–dark box test before the rats were submitted to the observational fear learning procedure. In the second experiment, ultrasonic vocalization was recorded throughout the whole observational fear learning procedure, and 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls were analyzed. The results of our study show that trait anxiety differently affects direct fear learning and observational fear learning. Direct fear learning was more pronounced with higher trait anxiety, while observational fear learning was the best with a medium-level of trait anxiety. There were no indications in the present study that ultrasonic vocalization, especially emission of 22 kHz calls, but also 50 kHz calls, are critical for observational fear learning.

Is Self-Confidence a Bias Factor in Higher-Order Catastrophe Models? An Exploratory Analysis—A Critique

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gershon Tenenbaum ◽  
Betsy Becker
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Quadrant Analysis ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Bias Factor ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Catastrophe Models ◽  
Made In

The current paper criticizes the concept, research methodology, data analyses, and validity of the conclusions made in Hardy, Woodman, and Carrington’s (2004) article published in this journal. In their repeated-measures analysis of data from the performances of 7 golfers, they did not examine changes in performance scores on successive holes. Instead, Hardy et al. used several ANOVA models to examine how performance varied with respect to somatic and cognitive anxiety level and self-confidence interaction. By doing so, their findings produced effects which we argue to be conceptually and empirically limited. We also address problems associated with dichotomization of continuous variables, measurement errors when splitting data, eradication of random significant effects, cell sizes in segmental quadrant analysis, and correlation between somatic and cognitive anxiety. We believe these difficulties prevent any reliable conclusions and/or generalizations from being made.

scholarly journals State Anxiety Is Associated with Cardiovascular Reactivity in Young, Healthy African Americans

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred A. Pointer ◽  
Sadiqa Yancey ◽  
Ranim Abou-Chacra ◽  
Patricia Petrusi ◽  
Sandra J. Waters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Stress Tests

Although several studies have shown that enhanced cardiovascular reactivity can predict hypertension development in African Americans, these findings have not been consistent among all studies examining reactivity and hypertension susceptibility. This inconsistency may be explained by the influence of anxiety (state and trait) on the blood pressure response to stress. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether anxiety is associated with blood pressure response to cold pressor (CP) and anger recall (AR) stress tests in young healthy African Americans. Modeling using state and trait anxiety revealed that state anxiety predicts systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure DBP response to CP and AR (P≤0.02). Interestingly, state anxiety predicted heart rate changes only to CP (P<0.01;P=0.3for AR). Although trait anxiety was associated with SBP response to AR and not CP, it was not a significant predictor of reactivity in our models. We conclude that anxiety levels may contribute to the variable blood pressure response to acute stressors and, therefore, should be assessed when performing cardiovascular reactivity measures.

Do Anxious Swimmers Swim Slower? Reexamining the Elusive Anxiety-Performance Relationship

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Burton
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Moderate Complexity ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to utilize a multidimensional measure of anxiety and a more sensitive intraindividual performance measure to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and performance. Three hypotheses were tested. First, cognitive anxiety is more consistently and strongly related to performance than is somatic anxiety. Second, somatic anxiety demonstrates an inverted-U relationship with performance, whereas self-confidence and performance exhibit a positive linear relationship and cognitive anxiety and performance exhibit a negative one. Finally, short duration and high and low complexity events demonstrate stronger relationships between somatic anxiety and performance than do long duration or moderate complexity events. Two samples of swimmers completed the CSAI-2 prior to competition, and performance data were obtained from meet results. Correlational and multiple regression analyses generally supported Hypotheses 1 and 3, while polynomial trend analyses on standardized CSAI-2 scores confirmed trends predicted in Hypothesis 2. Overall, these results not only revealed that improved instrumentation allows demonstration of consistent anxiety-performance relationships, but they also provided additional construct validity for the CSAI-2.

scholarly journals The Examination of the laboratory anxiety, state and trait anxiety of university students in high voltage laboratory

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3439
Author(s):  
İbrahim Güneş ◽  
Zeliha Özsoy Güneş
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Electronic Engineering ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety

With this study were aimed the investigation of the state and trait anxiety levels of Electric-Electronic Engineering students on High Voltage Laboratory anxiety. This research is designed as relational scanning model. The samples of the study comprised 113 students from Electric-Electronic Engineering in Engineering Faculty. In the study; “High Voltage Laboratory Anxiety Scale” with three factors which was developed by Güneş and Özsoy-Güneş (2015) and “The State and Trait Anxiety Scale” was developed by Spielberger and his colleagues (1970), adapted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1985) are used as tool of data collection. In order to analyze the data, SPSS 20.00, Pearson correlation coefficient techniques and regression analysis techniques are used. At the end of the study, between all scales has a positive relation. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the trait anxiety and laboratory anxiety of students has been found to be effective on the state anxiety of students.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document