scholarly journals Mapping conflict of interests: scoping review

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e066576
Author(s):  
Susan Chimonas ◽  
Maha Mamoor ◽  
Sophia A Zimbalist ◽  
Brooke Barrow ◽  
Peter B Bach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Medical Product ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Healthcare Profession ◽  
Product Industry

Abstract Objective To identify all known ties between the medical product industry and the healthcare ecosystem. Design Scoping review. Methods From initial literature searches and expert input, a map was created to show the network of medical product industry ties across parties and activities in the healthcare ecosystem. Through a scoping review, the ties were then verified, cataloged, and characterized, with data abstracted on types of industry ties (financial, non-financial), applicable policies for conflict of interests, and publicly available data sources. Main outcome measures Presence and types of medical product industry ties to activities and parties, presence of policies for conflict of interests, and publicly available data. Results A map derived through synthesis of 538 articles from 37 countries shows an extensive network of medical product industry ties to activities and parties in the healthcare ecosystem. Key activities include research, healthcare education, guideline development, formulary selection, and clinical care. Parties include non-profit entities, the healthcare profession, the market supply chain, and government. The medical product industry has direct ties to all parties and some activities through multiple pathways; direct ties extend through interrelationships among parties and activities. The most frequently identified parties were within the healthcare profession, with individual professionals described in 422 (78%) of the included studies. More than half (303, 56%) of the publications documented medical product industry ties to research, with clinical care (156, 29%), health professional education (145, 27%), guideline development (33, 6%), and formulary selection (8, 1%) appearing less often. Policies for conflict of interests exist for some financial and a few non-financial ties; publicly available data sources seldom describe or quantify these ties. Conclusions An extensive network of medical product industry ties to activities and parties exists in the healthcare ecosystem. Policies for conflict of interests and publicly available data are lacking, suggesting that enhanced oversight and transparency are needed to protect patient care from commercial influence and to ensure public trust.

scholarly journals Defining compassion in the digital health age: protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e026338 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wiljer ◽  
Rebecca Charow ◽  
Helen Costin ◽  
Lydia Sequeira ◽  
Melanie Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Full Text Review

IntroductionThe notion of compassion and compassionate care is playing an increasingly important role in health professional education and in the delivery of high-quality healthcare. Digital contexts, however, are not considered in the conceptualisation of compassionate care, nor is there guidance on how compassionate care is to be exercised while using digital health technologies. The widespread diffusion of digital health technologies provides new contexts for compassionate care, with both opportunities for new forms and instantiations of compassion as well as new challenges. How compassion is both understood and enacted within this evolving, digital realm has not been synthesised.Methods and analysisThis scoping review protocol follows Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology to examine dimensions of compassionate professional practice when digital technologies are integrated into clinical care. Relevant peer-reviewed literature will be identified using a search strategy developed by medical librarians, which applies to six databases of medical, computer and information systems disciplines. Eligibility of articles will be determined using the two-stage screening process consisting of (1) title and abstract scan, and (2) full-text review. Screening, abstracting and charting will be conducted by two independent reviewers, with a third reviewer available for resolution when consensus is not achieved. In order to look at the range of current research in this area, extracted data will be thematically analysed and validated by content experts. Descriptive statistics will be calculated where necessary.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval and consent to participate is not required for this scoping review. The results of the review will inform resource development and strategy for Associated Medical Services (AMS) Healthcare, a Canadian charitable organisation at the forefront of advancing research and leadership development in health and humanities, as part of the AMS Phoenix Project: A Call to Caring, particularly for digital professionalism frameworks so that they are inclusive of a compassion competency.

scholarly journals Scoping review protocol: bladder cancer in Nigeria: what are the gaps in clinical care and research?

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041894
Author(s):  
Joyce Kibaru ◽  
Pinky Kotecha ◽  
Abdulkarim Muhammad Iya ◽  
Beth Russell ◽  
Muzzammil Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Local Risk

IntroductionBladder cancer (BC) is the 10th common cancer worldwide and ranks seventh in Nigeria. This scoping review aims to identify the gaps in clinical care and research of BC in Nigeria as part of the development of a larger national research programme aiming to improve outcomes and care of BC.Methods and analysisThis review will be conducted according to Arksey and O’Malley scoping review methodology framework. The following electronic databases will be searched: Medline (using the PubMed interface), Ovid Gateway (Embase and Ovid), Cochrane library and Open Grey literature. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and subsequently screen full-text studies for inclusion, any lack of consensus will be discussed with a third reviewer. Any study providing insight into the epidemiology or treatment pathway of BC (RCTs, observations, case series, policy paper) will be included. A data chart will be used to extract relevant data from the included studies. Results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. A consultation process will be carried out with a multidisciplinary team of Nigerian healthcare professionals, patients and scientists.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. By highlighting the key gaps in the literature, this review can provide direction for future research and clinical guidelines in Nigeria (and other low-income and middle-income countries), where BC is more prevalent due to local risk factors and healthcare settings.

scholarly journals How hospitalized patients evaluate and report their pain together with nurses: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 205715852110134
Author(s):  
Bente Dale Malones ◽  
Sindre Sylte Kallmyr ◽  
Vera Hage ◽  
Trude Fløystad Eines
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
The Relationship

Pain assessment tools are often used by patients to report their pain and by health professionals to assess patients’ reported pain. Although valid and reliable assessment of pain is essential for high-quality clinical care, there are still many patients who experience inappropriate pain management. The aim of this scoping review is to examine an overview of how hospitalized patients evaluate and report their pain in collaboration with nurses. Systematic searches were conducted, and ten research articles were included using the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Content analysis revealed four main themes: 1) the relationship between the patient and nurse is an important factor of how hospitalized patients evaluate and report their post-surgery pain, 2) the patient’s feelings of inconsistency in how pain assessments are administered by nurses, 3) the challenge of hospitalized patients reporting post-surgery pain numerically, and 4) previous experiences and attitudes affect how hospitalized patients report their pain. Pain assessment tools are suitable for nurses to observe and assess pain in patients. Nevertheless, just using pain assessment tools is not sufficient for nurses to obtain a comprehensive clinical picture of each individual patient with pain.

scholarly journals Using routinely collected primary care records to identify and investigate severe asthma: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Stewart ◽  
Frank Kee ◽  
Nigel Hart
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
High Risk Disease ◽  
Asthma Outcomes ◽  
Disease Variant

AbstractShielding during the coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the potential of routinely collected primary care records to identify patients with ‘high-risk’ conditions, including severe asthma. We aimed to determine how previous studies have used primary care records to identify and investigate severe asthma and whether linkage to other data sources is required to fully investigate this ‘high-risk’ disease variant. A scoping review was conducted based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Twelve studies met all criteria for inclusion. We identified variation in how studies defined the background asthma cohort, asthma severity, control and clinical outcomes. Certain asthma outcomes could only be investigated through linkage to secondary care records. The ability of primary care records to represent the entire known asthma population is unique. However, a number of challenges need to be overcome if their full potential to accurately identify and investigate severe asthma is to be realised.

scholarly journals Structure and processes of emergency observation units with a geriatric focus: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Heeren ◽  
Annabelle Hendrikx ◽  
Janne Ceyssens ◽  
Els Devriendt ◽  
Mieke Deschodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Observation Units ◽  
Primary Care Services ◽  
Healthcare Professions

Abstract Background Combining observation principles and geriatric care concepts is considered a promising strategy for risk-stratification of older patients with emergency care needs. We aimed to map the structure and processes of emergency observation units (EOUs) with a geriatric focus and explore to what extent the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) approach was implemented in EOUs. Methods The revised scoping methodology framework of Arksey and O’Malley was applied. Manuscripts reporting on dedicated areas within hospitals for observation of older patients with emergency care needs were eligible for inclusion. Electronic database searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL in combination with backward snowballing. Two researchers conducted data charting independently. Data-charting forms were developed and iteratively refined. Data inconsistencies were judged by a third researcher or discussed in the research team. Quality assessment was conducted with the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. Results Sixteen quantitative studies were included reporting on fifteen EOUs in seven countries across three continents. These units were located in the ED, immediately next to the ED or remote from the ED (i.e. hospital-based). All studies reported that staffing consisted of at least three healthcare professions. Observation duration varied between 4 and 72 h. Most studies focused on medical and functional assessment. Four studies reported to assess a patients’ medical, functional, cognitive and social capabilities. If deemed necessary, post-discharge follow-up (e.g. community/primary care services and/or outpatient clinics) was provided in eleven studies. Conclusion This scoping review documented that the structure and processes of EOUs with a geriatric focus are very heterogeneous and rarely cover all elements of CGA. Further research is necessary to determine how complex care principles of ‘observation medicine’ and ‘CGA’ can ideally be merged and successfully implemented in clinical care.

Patient-generated health data analytics on ambulatory behaviours of people living with T2D: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Shyama Nagpal ◽  
Antonia Barbaric ◽  
Diana Sherifali ◽  
Plinio P Morita ◽  
Joseph A Cafazzo
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Health Data Analytics

BACKGROUND Complications due to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) can be mitigated through proper self-management which can positively change health behaviours. Technological tools are available to help people living with T2D manage their condition and such tools provide a large repository for patient-generated health data (PGHD). Analytics can provide insights about the ambulatory behaviours of people living with T2D. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to investigate analytical insights can be derived through PGHD with respect to ambulatory behaviours of people living with T2D. METHODS A scoping review using the Arksey & O’Malley framework was conducted in which a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted by two reviewers. Three electronic databases (PubMed, IEEE, ACM) were searched using keywords associated with diabetes, behaviours, and analytics. Several rounds of screening using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were conducted and studies were selected. Critical examination took place through a descriptive-analytical narrative method and data extracted from the studies was classified into thematic categories. These categories reflect the findings of this study as per our objective. RESULTS We identified 43 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. While 70% of the studies examined PGHD independently, 30% of the studies combined PGHD with other data sources. The majority of these studies used machine learning algorithms to perform their analysis. Themes identified through this review include 1) predicting diabetes / obesity, 2) factors that contribute to diabetes / obesity, 3) insights from social media & online forums, 4) predicting glycemia, 5) improved adherence / outcomes, 6) analysis of sedentary behaviours, 7) deriving behavioural patterns, 8) discovering clinical findings, and 9) developing design principles. CONCLUSIONS The increased volume and availability of PGHD has the potential to derive analytical insights regarding the ambulatory behaviours of people living with T2D. From the literature, we determined that analytics can predict outcomes and identify granular behavioural patterns from PGHD. This review determined the broad range of insights that can be examined through PGHD, that would not be available through other data sources.

scholarly journals β-type Ti Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridvan Yamanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Medical Product ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
The World ◽  
Product Industry

In the world market, medical products emerge as a sector that directly concerns people’s life quality and related activities. The medical product industry continues to grow rapidly in the world, especially in developed countries in line with the advances in technology, along with the elderly population and welfare level. In this context, biomedical implants constitute an important branch of the medical product industry. Among the materials preferred for implant production, the metallic biomaterials are very popular due to their superior mechanical properties. Ti and Ti alloys, among the metallic biomaterials, draw more attention considerably compared to stainless steel and Co-Cr alloys due to their characteristic features such as high specific strength and superior corrosion resistance, low density and low modulus of elasticity. Although the elastic modulus of titanium and its alloys is low compared to the other metallic biomaterials, it remains higher than bone. β-type Ti alloys have been developed to prevent the stress shielding effect caused by the elastic modulus mismatch and sterilization of the biomaterials used in the body from toxic alloy elements. In this article, the effect of the use of β-type Ti alloys, which are extremely prospective materials and open to development, in the body on host organisms, and the efficiency of the developed alloys have been investigated.

scholarly journals The development of competency frameworks in healthcare professions: a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Batt ◽  
Walter Tavares ◽  
Brett Williams
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Competency Framework ◽  
Competency Frameworks ◽  
Healthcare Profession ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Healthcare Professions ◽  
Framework Development

BackgroundCompetency frameworks serve various roles including outlining characteristics of a competent workforce, facilitating mobility, and analysing or assessing expertise. Given these roles and their relevance in the health professions, we sought to understand the methods and strategies used in the development of existing competency frameworks.MethodsWe applied the Arksey and O’Malley framework to undertake this scoping review. We searched six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, and ERIC) and three grey literature sources (greylit.org, Trove and Google Scholar) using keywords related to competency frameworks. We screened studies for inclusion by title and abstract, and we included studies of any type that described the development of a competency framework in a healthcare profession. Two reviewers independently extracted data including study characteristics. Data synthesis was both quantitative and qualitative.ResultsAmong 5,710 citations, we selected 190 for analysis. The majority of studies were conducted in medicine and nursing professions. Literature reviews and group techniques were conducted in 116 studies each (61%), and 85 (45%) outlined some form of stakeholder deliberation. We observed a significant degree of diversity in methodological strategies, inconsistent adherence to existing guidance on the selection of methods, who was involved, and based on the variation we observed in timeframes, combination, function, application and reporting of methods and strategies, there is no apparent gold standard or standardised approach to competency framework development.ConclusionsWe observed significant variation within the conduct and reporting of the competency framework development process. While some variation can be expected given the differences across and within professions, our results suggest there is some difficulty in determining whether methods were fit-for-purpose, and therefore in making determinations regarding the appropriateness of the development process. This uncertainty may unwillingly create and legitimise uncertain or artificial outcomes. There is a need for improved guidance in the process for developing and reporting competency frameworks.

TO SUPPORT SOCIALLY ORIENTED NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS: EXPERIENCE OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Inna Yu. Semenova ◽  
Nadezhda V. Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Information Support ◽  
State Support ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Normative Requirements ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
Legal Forms

The article considers normative requirements, organization procedure, legal forms of support by state authorities of the Chuvash Republic of socially oriented non-profit organizations that provide socially useful services to both the population as a whole and individual citizens. Emphasis is placed on the main forms of State support in the national region; in particular, we considered property, financial, information, support in the field of training, additional professional education of workers and volunteers (volunteers) of socially oriented non-profit organizations. The purpose of the study is to analyze regional measures of state support for socially oriented non-profit organizations in the social sphere within the framework of the current legislation. According to the results of the study, the authors believe that the current legislation should establish the volume and quality of socially significant services for various categories of the population provided by non-profit organizations, approve the criteria for maintaining a register of organizations that will receive state support, and develop a program of preferential loans for non-profit organizations.

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