scholarly journals Self-harm among in-school and street-connected adolescents in Ghana: a cross-sectional survey in the Greater Accra region

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041609
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie ◽  
Farag Shuweihdi ◽  
Mitch Waterman ◽  
Allan House
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Greater Accra Region

ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence, methods, associations and reported reasons for self-harm among in-school and street-connected adolescents in Ghana.DesignA cross-sectional survey. We applied multi-level regression models and model-based cluster analysis to the data.SettingThree contexts in the Greater Accra region were used: second cycle schools, facilities of charity organisations and street census enumeration areas (sleeping places of street-connected adolescents, street corners, quiet spots of restaurants, markets, train and bus stations, and lorry and car parks).ParticipantsA regionally representative sample of 2107 (1723 in-school and 384 street-connected) adolescents aged 13–21 years.Outcome measuresParticipants responded to a structured self-report anonymous questionnaire describing their experience of self-harm and eliciting demographic information and social and personal adversities.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of self-harm was 20.2% (95% CI 19.0% to 22.0%), 12-month prevalence was 16.6% (95% CI 15.0% to 18.0%) and 1-month prevalence was 3.1% (95% CI 2.0% to 4.0%). Self-injury alone accounted for 54.5% episodes and self-poisoning alone for 16.2% episodes, with more than one method used in 26% of episodes. Self-cutting (38.7%) was the most common form of self-injury, whereas alcohol (39.2%) and medications (27.7%) were the most commonly reported means of self-poisoning. The factors associated with self-harm were interpersonal: conflict with parents (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.87, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.81), physical abuse victimisation (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.47), difficulty in making and keeping friends (aOR=1.24, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.80), sexual abuse victimisation (aOR=1.21, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.87) and conflict between parents (aOR=1.07, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.56).ConclusionsSelf-harm is a significant public health problem among in-school and street-connected adolescents in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Its origins are very largely in social and familial adversity, and therefore prevention and treatment measures need to be focused in these areas.

scholarly journals The Current Situation of Internet Addiction and Its Impact on Sleep Quality and Self-Injury Behavior in Chinese Medical Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Wang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Dong Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Chinese Medical Students ◽  
Self Harm

Objective The purpose of this cross-sectional survey is to explore the current state of Internet addiction (IA) in Chinese medical students and its connection with medical students’ sleep quality and self-injury behavior.Methods Respondents were came from Wannan Medical College, China. The Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-Harm Questionnaire were used in this cross-sectional survey. A total of 3,738 medical students were investigated, 1,552 (41.52%) males, 2,186 (58.48%) females. T-test, chi-square test and MANOVA were used for data analysis.Results Of the 3,738 medical students, 1,054 (28.2%) reported having IA, 1,126 (30.1%) reported having poor sleep quality, 563 (15.1%) having self-harm behaviors. IA tends to be more female, upper grade students. The sleep quality of IA was worse than that of non-IA (χ<sup>2</sup>=54.882, p<0.001), and the possibility of self-injury was higher than non-IA (χ<sup>2</sup>=107.990, p<0.001).Conclusion This survey shows that the IA detection rate of medical students was 28.2%. Females, higher grade students had a higher IA detection rate. The low sleep quality and self-injury behavior of medical students are associated with IA.

Prevalence of ear diseases in the children of Delhi

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Chadha ◽  
K Gulati ◽  
S Garg ◽  
A K Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to assess the prevalence and profile of ear diseases in children from Delhi, India.Methods:A population-based cross-sectional door-to-door survey was carried out in two districts of Delhi, and involved children of all demographic sections of the region. A total of 4626 children aged between 18 days and 15 years underwent examinations including otoscopy, impedance audiometry and hearing screening.Results:In all, 14.8 per cent of the study sample was diagnosed with one or more ear morbidities, the most common being cerumen impaction (7.5 per cent) and chronic suppurative otitis media (3.6 per cent). There was clinical evidence of otitis media with effusion in 2 per cent of children, and 0.96 per cent had otitis externa (bacterial and fungal). The point prevalence of acute suppurative otitis media was 0.39 per cent. In all, 0.45 per cent of children were found to have an undiagnosed foreign body within the ear canal.Conclusion:The high prevalence of ear disease poses a significant public health problem in Delhi.

scholarly journals Violence, firearms, and the coronavirus pandemic: Findings from the 2020 California Safety and Wellbeing Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz ◽  
Amanda Aubel ◽  
Julia Schleimer ◽  
Rocco Pallin ◽  
Garen Wintemute
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Related Harm

AbstractIMPORTANCEViolence is a significant public health problem that has become entwined with the coronavirus pandemic. Conditions that contribute to violence—poverty, unemployment, lack of available resources, isolation, hopelessness, and loss—have intensified and are further compounded by the recent surge in firearm sales, which is itself a risk factor for firearm-related harm.OBJECTIVETo describe individuals’ worry about violence for themselves and others in the context of the pandemic, pandemic-related unfair treatment, as well as the prevalence of and reasons for firearm acquisition and changes in firearm storage practices due to the pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the California Safety and Wellbeing Survey, a statewide Internet survey of 2,870 California adults (18 years of age and older) conducted from July 14 to July 27, 2020. Responses were weighted to be representative of the state population of adults.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESSurvey topics for this study included: changes in worry about violence happening to oneself, by type of violence and location, before and during the pandemic; concern someone else might physically hurt another person or themselves on purpose due to a pandemic-related loss; experiences of unfair treatment related to the pandemic; firearm and ammunition acquisition and changes in firearm storage practices due to the pandemic; and participation in civic and political activities “in response to gun violence” during the pandemic.RESULTSWorry about violence significantly increased during the pandemic for all violence types except mass shootings. More than 1 in 10 respondents were concerned that someone they know might intentionally harm another person (12.2%) or themselves (13.1%). Of those concerned about self-harm for someone else, 7.5% said it was because the person had suffered a pandemic-related loss. An estimated 110,000 individuals acquired a firearm in response to the pandemic (2.4% of current firearm owners), including 47,000 new owners. Approximately 55,000 individuals (1.2% of owners) who currently store at least one firearm loaded and not locked up said they had adopted this unsecure storage practice in response to the pandemic.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEGiven the impulsive nature of many types of violence, short-term crisis interventions, such as options for temporary firearm storage outside the home, extreme risk protection orders, and efforts involving community-based violence intervention workers, may be critical for reducing violence-related harm now and following other societal shocks.Key PointsQUESTIONSHas the coronavirus pandemic modified (1) individuals’ worry about violence for themselves or others, (2) the prevalence of and reasons for firearm and ammunition acquisition, and (3) firearm storage practices?FINDINGSIn this cross-sectional, population-representative survey of 2,870 adults in California, worry about multiple types of violence for oneself increased during the pandemic; pandemic-related loss contributed to concern that someone else might physically harm themselves on purpose; an estimated 110,000 people acquired firearms due to the pandemic (2.4% of firearm owners in the state), including approximately 47,000 new owners; and 6.7% of owners who currently store firearms loaded and not locked up adopted this unsecure storage practice in response to the pandemic.MEANINGViolence is a significant public health problem that touches the lives of far more people than is typically recognized. The coronavirus pandemic and efforts to lessen its spread have compounded this burden.

scholarly journals METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG DOCTORS: A PILOT STUDY FROM ODISHA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Magna Manjareeka ◽  
Soumya Mishra ◽  
Prakash K Nayak ◽  
Shubhransu Patro ◽  
Jayanti Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Low Hdl

Objective: This study was planned to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among doctors of Bhubaneswar. Methods: A cross-sectional, single-centered observational study was conducted among doctors over a period of 8 months after clearance from Institutional Ethical Committee. All consented participants were subjected to anthropometric measurements and physical examination. Fasting plasma glucose and complete lipid profile were estimated using standard procedures after 12 h of overnight fast. MetS was defined according to the Modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for MetS screening. Results: Among 170 participants (males - 117 and females - 53), 64 (37.65%) were with MetS. Prevalence of same was higher in males (41.9%) than females (28.3%). The younger doctors (≤40 years) had more prevalence of MetS compared to the elderly (>40 years) doctors (41 [39.8%] vs. 23 [34.3%]). In the males, high blood pressure was the major contributor to the prevalence of MetS followed by low high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) and high triglyceride values. However, in females, low HDL-C and greater waist circumference contributed the maximum to MetS. Conclusion: In the present study, the young male doctors have a greater prevalence of MetS than the older and the females. MetS is still a significant public health problem in the educated population including those of doctors, especially the younger ones. 

Malnutrition and its related factors among children 0-5 years in rural Shamirpet mandal, Ranga reddy district, India.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 5340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavani Varma M.* ◽  
Prasad S.V.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health

Malnutrition continues to be a significant public health problem and is associated with many risk factors. To determine the association between prevalence of undernutrition, socio-demographic and maternal characteristics. It is a cross sectional study.400 children were examined for their weights and heights. Information is collected regarding the risk factors which are usually associated with undernutrition. The relevant information was recorded from each village of the mandal according to probability proportion to size. Significant association has been found with birth weight, birth interval and maternal occupation. Health education of parents regarding importance of ante-natal check-ups, proper birth spacing is essential.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of viral and bacterial coinfections in malaria in Venezuela

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alberto Forero-Peña ◽  
Marisol Sandoval de Mora ◽  
Iván D. Amaya Rodríguez ◽  
Ángel F. Gamardo ◽  
Melynar Chavero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Complicated Malaria ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health

Abstract Background Malaria remains a significant public health problem worldwide. Simultaneous infections with other pathogens complicate its diagnosis and can also change the clinical course of the disease. The similarities in the clinical presentation of malaria and other infections and the superimposed endemicity result in underdiagnosis of coinfections and increase mortality. No studies have focused on the presence of coinfections in patients with malaria in Venezuela. Methods Between June and November 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with malaria who presented to any of the three reference medical centers in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. A clinical and laboratory evaluation searching for coinfections with Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), Viral Hepatitis (VH) (A, B, and C), and Leptospirosis (LEP) was performed using ELISA to test each patient. Results We studied a total of 161 patients of whom 106 (65.8%) presented P. vivax infection, 43 (26.7%) P. falciparum, and 12 (7.5%) had mixed malaria infections. Coinfections were found in 55/161 (34.2%) patients and were more frequent in patients with P. falciparum (48.8%) than in those with P. vivax (29.2%), or mixed infection (25%) [OR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.39–4.25; p = 0.018]. The most prevalent coinfection was with DENV (14.9%), followed by HAV (11.8%), HBV (6.2%), CHIKV (5.5%), and LEP (3.7%). Coinfection with HCV was absent. Complicated malaria was significantly more frequent in coinfected individuals (56.4%) than those without coinfection (35.8%) [OR: 2.31; 95% CI = 1.18–4.92; p = 0.013]. Conclusion We found a high prevalence of coinfections in patients with malaria in this region, which was related to a worse outcome. Further prospective studies with samples at different points of infection and the use of molecular tools are needed.

scholarly journals Association between parenting and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents in Yunnan, China: a cross-sectional survey

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10493
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Yuanyuan Xiao ◽  
Hailiang Ran ◽  
Xingting He ◽  
Linling Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
High Level

Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents is prevalent and its rate has increased in recent years worldwide. Previous studies had investigated the association between parenting and childhood NSSI, but little is known about the relationship between parental rearing and repetition and severity of NSSI. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of parenting with NSSI and its repetition and severity in a representative adolescent sample from southwestern China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 2,705 adolescents (F/M: 1,245/1,460; mean age: 13.4 ± 2.2 years) was recruited from 14 randomly selected schools in Lincang municipality, Yunnan province, China. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data. The Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Function Assessment Scale and the short Chinese Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (s-EMBU-C) were used to evaluate NSSI behaviors and parenting style, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were adopted to examine association between parenting and NSSI. Results Overall lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 47.1% (95% CI [36.2–58.0]), with self-cutting being the most common form (23.5% (95% CI [19.3–27.7])), followed by hitting hard objects (23.4% (95% CI [20.2–26.7])) and pulling hairs (20.9% (95% CI [18.8–22.6])). In multiple logistic regression analyses, NSSI was positively associated with high level of father’s rejection (OR: 1.32 (95% CI [1.01–1.72])), high level of mother’s rejection (OR: 1.76 (95% CI [1.46–2.13])), low level of mother’s emotional warmth (OR: 1.42 (95% CI [1.15–1.75])), and high level of mother’s overprotection (OR: 1.74 (95% CI [1.49–2.03])), repeated NSSI was positively associated with low level of father’s emotional warmth (OR: 1.39 (95% CI [1.10–1.75])) and high level of mother’s overprotection (OR: 1.79 (95% CI [1.33–2.41])), and severe NSSI was positively associated with low level of father’s emotional warmth (OR: 1.64 (95% CI [1.11–2.43])) and high level of mother’s rejection (OR: 2.16 (95% CI [1.71–2.71])). Conclusion NSSI is common among adolescents in southwestern China. Negative parenting styles are associated with NSSI, repeated NSSI, and severe NSSI. The development of intervention measures for preventing or reducing NSSI among Chinese adolescents in school settings should consider parenting styles.

scholarly journals Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Perfectionism: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Gyori ◽  
Judit Balazs
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and perfectionism mean a huge concern related to mental health and psychopathology. Recently, there has been a growing interest in research on the exploration of the association of perfectionism and NSSI, but till today there is no systematic review has been prepared in this topic.Aims: Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review of published studies that investigated the association between NSSI and perfectionism.Methods: The systematic search was made on PubMed, OVID Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search terms were (“nonsuicidal self-injury” OR “nonsuicidal self-injury” OR NSSI OR “self-injury” OR “self-injurious behavior” OR SIB OR “self-harm” OR “deliberate self-harm” OR DSH) AND (perfectionism). The inclusion criteria were as follows: written in English; reported empirical data; used validated self-report measures; investigated the association of nonsuicidal self-injury and perfectionism. There were no restrictions on participants regarding age, gender, race or ethnicity. Exclusion criteria: not written in English; was a review/meta-analysis; measured suicide behavior; measured self-injury irrespective of motivation or suicidal intent; was not about the association between nonsuicidal self-injury and perfectionism.Results: After the screening process, 15 studies were included in our systematic review. The majority of studies (12) were published in the last 10 years. Nine (60%) recruited participants from community samples, four (26.7%) from clinical populations, and two (13.3%) both from community and clinical participants. Fourteen (93.3%) of the studies were cross-sectional studies, and one study contained a longitudinal investigation. The majority of studies included only or mainly female participants (62.3–87.2%) and two studies contained a balanced male-female ratio population. Fourteen (93.3%) studies from the 15 studies found a significant positive association between NSSI and perfectionism.Limitations: The heterogeneity of used instruments makes it difficult to compare the results of involved studies. Only two studies investigated populations with balanced gender ratios. Only two studies examined both clinical and community populations. Clinical investigations enrolled mainly eating-disordered (ED) patients.Conclusions: The results of the current systematic review highlight the role of perfectionism in NSSI engagement. This systematic review may help the development of effective prevention initiatives and treatment strategies.

National study on the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders among schoolchildren 8-12 years of age in Bahrain

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 609-616
Author(s):  
K. Moosa ◽  
A. W. Abdul Wahab ◽  
J. Al Sayyad ◽  
B. Z. Baig
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
National Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Public Health

A cross-sectional survey of primary-school children in Bahrain was conducted to estimate the prevalence of goitre and iodine deficiency according to age, sex and area of residence. During January-May 1999, 1600 children were randomly chosen from all government schools. Children were examined for goitre and of those, 50% were randomly selected for urinary iodine level assessment. Only 26 children [1.7%] had goitre. Although median urinary iodine was above 100 microg/L, 121 of 749 children [16.2%] had low urinary iodine levels. Although iodine deficiency does not pose a significant public health problem in Bahrain, education about the nutritional value of iodized salts in the prevention of this disorder could increase public awareness.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

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