scholarly journals Determinants of change in the inequality and associated predictors of teenage pregnancy in Uganda for the period 2006–2016: analysis of the Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e053264
Author(s):  
Ronald Wasswa ◽  
Allen Kabagenyi ◽  
Rornald Muhumuza Kananura ◽  
Joseph Jehopio ◽  
Gideon Rutaremwa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTeenage pregnancy has become a public health concern in Uganda because of its negative consequences to both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of change in the inequality and associated predictors of teenage pregnancy in Uganda for the period 2006–2016.Study designA retrospective national cross-sectional study.SettingUganda.ParticipantsUganda Demographic and Health Survey secondary data of only female teenagers aged 15–19 years. The samples selected for analyses were 1936 in 2006; 2048 in 2011 and 4264 in 2016.Outcome measureThe primary outcome was teenage pregnancy. Analysis was performed using the logistic regression, equiplots, concentration curve, normalised concentration index, decomposition of the concentration index and Oaxaca-type decomposition.ResultsThe prevalence of teenage pregnancy has seemingly remained high and almost constant from 2006 to 2016 with the risk worsening to the disadvantage of the poor. Household wealth-index, teenagers’ years of education, early sexual debut and child marriage were the main key predictors and contributors of the large inequality in teenage pregnancy from 2006 to 2016.ConclusionTeenage pregnancy is disproportionately prevalent among different subpopulations of adolescent girls in Uganda. We therefore recommend policy actions to sensitise communities and enforcement of child rights and child protection laws to stop child marriages. There is also need to promote girl child education, improving household incomes, and intensifying mass media awareness on the risks of early pregnancies. Further, ensuring that villages have operational adolescent and youth friendly services as well as incorporating sex education and other different adolescent reproductive health programmes in school curriculum will be key measures in reducing the large inequality in teenage pregnancy.

scholarly journals Wasting and Associated Factors among Children under 5 Years in Five South Asian Countries (2014–2018): Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4578
Author(s):  
Nidhi Wali ◽  
Kingsley E. E. Agho ◽  
Andre M. N. Renzaho
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Sampling Weights

Child wasting continues to be a major public health concern in South Asia, having a prevalence above the emergency threshold. This paper aimed to identify factors associated with wasting among children aged 0–23 months, 24–59 months, and 0–59 months in South Asia. A weighted sample of 564,518 children aged 0–59 months from the most recent demographic and health surveys (2014–2018) of five countries in South Asia was combined. Multiple logistic regression analyses that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights were used to examine associated factors. Wasting prevalence was higher for children aged 0–23 months (25%) as compared to 24–59 months (18%), with variations in prevalence across the South Asian countries. The most common factor associated with child wasting was maternal BMI [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for 0–23 months = 2.02; 95% CI: (1.52, 2.68); AOR for 24–59 months = 2.54; 95% CI: (1.83, 3.54); AOR for 0–59 months = 2.18; 95% CI: (1.72, 2.77)]. Other factors included maternal height and age, household wealth index, birth interval and order, children born at home, and access to antenatal visits. Study findings suggest need for nutrition specific and sensitive interventions focused on women, as well as adolescents and children under 2 years of age.

scholarly journals Trends in stunting and overweight in Peruvian pre-schoolers from 1991 to 2011: findings from the Demographic and Health Surveys

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2407-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Bjørnøy Urke ◽  
Maurice B Mittelmark ◽  
Martín Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Low Educated

AbstractObjectiveTo examine trends in stunting and overweight in Peruvian children, using 2006 WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study criteria.DesignTrend analyses using nationally representative cross-sectional surveys from Demographic and Health Surveys (1991–2011). We performed logistic regression analyses of stunting and overweight trends in sociodemographic groups (sex, age, urban–rural residence, region, maternal education and household wealth), adjusted for sampling design effects (strata, clusters and sampling weights).SettingPeru.SubjectsChildren aged 0–59 months surveyed in 1991–92 (n 7999), 1996 (n 14 877), 2000 (n 11 754), 2007–08 (n 8232) and 2011 (n 8186).ResultsChild stunting declined (F(1, 5149) = 174·8, P ≤ 0·00) and child overweight was stable in the period 1991–2011 (F(1, 5147) = 0·4, P ≤ 0·54). Over the study period, levels of stunting were highest in rural compared with urban areas, the Andean and Amazon regions compared with the Coast, among children of low-educated mothers and among children living in households in the poorest wealth quintile. The trend in overweight rose among males in coastal areas (F(1, 2250) = 4·779, P ≤ 0·029) and among males in the richest wealth quintile (F(1, 1730) = 5·458, P ≤ 0·020).ConclusionsThe 2011 levels of stunting and overweight were eight times and three and a half times higher, respectively, than the expected levels from the 2006 WHO growth standards. The trend over the study period in stunting declined in most sociodemographic subgroups. The trend in overweight was stable in most sociodemographic subgroups.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Teenage Pregnancy in A Community Hospital of Rural Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (217) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Maharjan ◽  
Niresh Thapa ◽  
Narayani Maharjan ◽  
Pabita Rai ◽  
Prakash Pun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Rural Nepal

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a public health concern. Maternal and neonatal health outcomesare negatively impacted in teenage pregnancy. The objective of the study is to find the prevalence ofteenage pregnancy in a community hospital of rural Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Okhaldhunga Community Hospital,Okhaldhunga, Nepal. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of thehospital. Data were retrieved from July 2007 to July 2017 from the hospital record books. The total of7054 records of deliveries were reviewed from the hospital records and whole sampling was done.Subgroup analysis was done on basis of age, ethnicity, gravida, para, period of gestation, mode ofdelivery, maternal or neonatal complications and birth weight. Datas were entered and analyzedusing Microsoft Excel. Results: The total of 7054 deliveries were conducted in ten years among which 2050 (29.06%) wereteenage deliveries at the confidence interval of 95% (28.52% - 29.06%). The highest percentage ofteenage delivery was found among Janajati ethnicity of 1056 (53.3%). Amongst teenage delivery, asignificant tear was found in 157 (7.9%) as a maternal complication. Perinatal deaths were found in27 (1.4%). The cesarean section rate was 839 (11.9%) among all deliveries. Conclusions: The trend of teenage pregnancy remains almost same over ten years in theOkhaldhunga Community Hospital. The overall prevalence of teenage delivery is higher than thenational figure. Low birth weight babies, premature delivery, perineal and cervical tears were thecommon complications. Further health education and awareness programs might help to reduce theteenage pregnancy rate.

Prevalence and determinants of condom use among male adolescents in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra ◽  
Desri Astuti ◽  
Dyah Anantalia Widyastari ◽  
Dusita Phuengsamran
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents

AbstractAdolescent sexual and reproductive health problems remain a public health concern in Indonesia. An increase of premarital sex as well as early sexual debut among adolescents without any protection leads to a high risk of adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences. This study aimed to assess condom use prevalence and identify its determinants among male adolescents who are sexually active in Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Adolescent Reproductive Health component of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2012. The sample for this study was 1341 sexually active male adolescents aged 15–24 years old. Data were analyzed descriptively and using binary logistic regression for bivariate and multivariate analysis. This study found that condom use prevalence among male adolescents at first and last sex accounted for 25.0% and 27.4%, respectively. Determinants of condom use varied by time of sexual intercourse. Knowledge of sexual and reproductive health and obtaining information about condoms were consistently related to condom use at first and last sexual encounter. Meanwhile, residential type, age at first sex, and sexual partner were significant determinants of condom use at sexual debut whilst educational level was only associated with condom use at last sex. As the level of protected sex among male adolescents was very low, providing comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is suggested in order to develop the capacity among adolescents in making informed decisions and preventing unsafe sex.

scholarly journals CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN BORNO STATE OF NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELLING

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Alhaji Mustapha Umara ◽  
Bukar Umar Ngohi
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
State Government ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Chi Square

The study was a survey that investigated the causes and consequences of teenage pregnancy in Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 1,500 parents participated in the study from 15 high, medium and low density residential areas of Maiduguri Metropolis. The sample consisted of 874 (58.27%) males and 626 (41.73%) females. A questionnaire tagged Causes and Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy (CACOTEP) developed by the researchers was used to collect data for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques of frequency counts, percentages and rank ordering. Chi-square (x2) was also used to test the null-hypothesis at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Results of the study indicated poverty, experimenting sex, early sexual debut, single parenting, broken homes, street hawking, lack of moral education, rape, peer influence and exposure to pornographic films as some of the causes of teenage pregnancy while abortion, expulsion from school, loss of self-esteem, risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, VVF, RVF, premature labour/birth and premature death were some of the consequences of teenage pregnancy in Borno State, Nigeria. Significant relationship does not exist between gender and teenage pregnancy as revealed by the study. Sex education/reproductive health education, moral education, discouraging street hawking and inculcating positive social values by counsellors, parents, community and religious leaders using both print and electronic (visual and blind) media, hand bills and staging dramas on the negativities of teenage pregnancy were some of the implications for counselling proffered. It is recommended that the Borno State government should stop girls from hawking, introduce females’ entrepreneurship centers and build counselling centers to engage services of certified counsellors with a view to halting the menace through moral/religious counselling.  

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ABOUT PERCEPTION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS REGARDING PUNISHMENT OF RAPE FOR ACCUSED

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Suba Tvisha N ◽  
PRITISH KRISHNA RAUT ◽  
Kadu Sandeep S
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Rape is a significant social and public health problem that has severe shattering effect on victims, including negative consequences on physical health, mental health, academic performance, and interpersonal and social relationships. It is important to know the perception and opinion of young people about the punishment of rape and increase transparency and one’s participation in the implementation of act. Aim: To spread awareness and portray severity of crime by learning the perception of medical students towards the punishment given for rape accused and to examine dimensionality of rape attitudes and its law in youth. Methods: Data was collected from 100 randomly selected medical students with the help of questionnaire and verbal discussion with them. Results: All the students were in the age group of 18 to 24 years. Only 47% were aware about the exact punishment given for accused. Maximum (75%) participants feel that death should be the ideal punishment and it should be given immediately as soon as the accused is found guilty. Inadequate mentality and lack of sex education are considered as major causes that provoke a person to commit rape. Majority of the cases are not reported because of social stigma and family reputation. Conclusion: Education is the most favored approach to sex related violence in the community. It is important to support every individual, as it plays a vital role in gaining media and government attention, which is a step forward for the betterment of the society, and soon towards the complete eradication of such social and public health issues like rape and sexual assault.

scholarly journals School trajectory and teenage pregnancy in three Brazilian state capitals

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1397-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria da Conceição C. Almeida ◽  
Estela M. L. Aquino ◽  
Antoniel Pinheiro de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Women And Work ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Out Of School

This paper describes the relationship between school trajectory and incidence of teenage pregnancy. A cross-sectional residence-based questionnaire was applied, interviewing 4,634 youth ages 18 to 24 years, selected through a stratified three-stage sample. For the present study, young people ages 20 to 24 years (65.6%) were chosen, with teenage pregnancy rates of 29.5% for females and 21.4% for males (in relation to their partners). Sexual debut was reported by 87% of women and 95.3% of men. The majority of young people reported irregular school trajectory, with 39% enrolled in school at the time of the study. Nearly half of those who had interrupted their studies at least once reported a teenage pregnancy. The main reasons for interrupting their studies were pregnancy and children for women and work for men. School dropout due to teenage pregnancy was mentioned by 40.1% of women for whom the outcome of pregnancy was a child. However, 20.5% had already dropped out of school before becoming pregnant.

Teenage Pregnancy: Prevalence, Pattern and Predisposing Factors in a Tertiary Hospital, Southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Michael Ifeanyi Onwubuariri ◽  
Terhemen Kasso
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contraceptive Usage ◽  
Port Harcourt

Background: Any pregnancy occurring in a young woman who has not reached her 20th birthday is considered as a teenage pregnancy. Globally, approximately a tenth of all births are to women younger than 20 years old and more than 90% of such births occur in developing countries. Socioeconomic deprivation, low contraceptive usage and early marriage are common contributing factors. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern and predisposing factors to teenage pregnancy at University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 198 cases of teenage pregnancies managed at University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2015. Results: The teenage pregnancy prevalence rate was 15 per 1,000 deliveries (1.5%). Low level of education (below secondary) was seen in 81.3% of the women. A socio-cultural factor like early marriage was noted in 56.1% of the women and only 26.8% of the teenage mothers had ever used any form of contraception. Conclusion: The teenage pregnancy rate in Port-Harcourt showed a downward trend. Contraceptive awareness creation for teenagers, implementation of teenage-friendly policies, education of the girl child coupled with promotion of moral and sex education will further reduce the trend.

scholarly journals Trends and factors associated with the nutritional status of adolescent girls in Ghana: a secondary analysis of the 2003–2014 Ghana demographic and health survey (GDHS) data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Fusta Azupogo ◽  
Abdul-Razak Abizari ◽  
Elisabetta Aurino ◽  
Aulo Gelli ◽  
Saskia JM Osendarp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pregnant Adolescent

Abstract Objective: We examined the trends over time and the factors associated with malnutrition among adolescent girls in Ghana. Design: Cross-sectional analysis from 3 nationwide Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2003 (n 983), 2008 (n 955) and 2014 (n 857). We used Cox proportional hazard models with sample weighting to model the prevalence ratio (PR) of malnutrition. Setting: Countrywide, covering rural and urban areas in Ghana. Participants: Non-pregnant adolescent girls aged 15–19 years. Results: Compared with 2003, thinness declined marginally (PR 0·88 (95 % CI 0·45, 1·73)) in 2008 and in 2014 (PR 0·71 (95 % CI 0·38, 1·56)). Stunting declined marginally by 19 % in 2008 (PR 0·81 (95 % CI 0·59, 1·12)), flattening out in 2014 (PR 0·81 (95 % CI 0·57, 1·17)). We found an increasing trend of overweight/obesity with the PR peaking in 2014 (PR 1·39 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·88)) compared to 2003. The anaemia prevalence remained severe without a clear trend. A low level of education of the adolescent girl was positively associated with stunting. Increasing age was positively associated with stunting but inversely associated with thinness and anaemia. Girls who ever bore a child were more likely to be anaemic compared to those who never did. A lower level of household wealth and a unit increase in household size was negatively associated with overweight/obesity. Urban dwelling girls were less likely to be stunted. Conclusions: The stagnant burden of under-nutrition and rising over-nutrition emphasise the need for double-duty actions to tackle malnutrition in all its forms in Ghanaian adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in Sub-Saharan African Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9729
Author(s):  
Yutong Cai ◽  
Harry Gibson ◽  
Rema Ramakrishnan ◽  
Mohammad Mamouei ◽  
Kazem Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

Ambient air pollution is projected to become a major environmental risk in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Research into its health impacts is hindered by limited data. We aimed to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and prevalence of cough or acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among children under five in SSA. Data were collected from 31 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 21 SSA countries between 2005–2018. Prior-month average PM2.5 preceding the survey date was assessed based on satellite measurements and a chemical transport model. Cough and ALRI in the past two weeks were derived from questionnaires. Associations were analysed using conditional logistic regression within each survey cluster, adjusting for child’s age, sex, birth size, household wealth, maternal education, maternal age and month of the interview. Survey-specific odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis. Included were 368,366 and 109,664 children for the analysis of cough and ALRI, respectively. On average, 20.5% children had reported a cough, 6.4% reported ALRI, and 32% of children lived in urban areas. Prior-month average PM2.5 ranged from 8.9 to 64.6 μg/m3. Pooling all surveys, no associations were observed with either outcome in the overall populations. Among countries with medium-to-high Human Development Index, positive associations were observed with both cough (pooled OR: 1.022, 95%CI: 0.982–1.064) and ALRI (pooled OR: 1.018, 95%CI: 0.975–1.064) for 1 μg/m3 higher of PM2.5. This explorative study found no associations between short-term ambient PM2.5 and respiratory health among young SSA children, necessitating future analyses using better-defined exposure and health metrics to study this important link.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document