Dietary patterns and birth outcomes in the ELSPAC pregnancy cohort

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns in a Czech pregnancy cohort established in the early postcommunist era and investigate associations between dietary patterns, maternal characteristics and birth outcomes.MethodsPregnant women were recruited for the Czech part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. A self-reported questionnaire answered in late pregnancy was used to assess information about the weekly intake of 43 food items. Information about birth outcomes (birth weight, height, ponderal index, head circumference, cephalisation index, gestational length and Apgar score) was obtained from the National Registry of Newborns. Complete details on diet and birth outcomes were available for 4320 mother–infant pairs.Results and conclusionThe food items were aggregated into 28 variables and used for extraction of two dietary patterns by principal component factor analysis. The patterns were denoted ‘unhealthy’ and ‘healthy/traditional’ based on the food items with the highest factor loadings on each pattern. The ‘unhealthy’ pattern had high positive loadings on meat, processed food and confectionaries. In contrast, the ‘healthy/traditional’ pattern had high positive loadings on vegetables, dairy, fruits and wholemeal bread. Following adjustment for covariates, we found that high adherence to the unhealthy pattern (expressed as beta for 1 unit increase in pattern score), that is, the higher consumption of less healthy foods, was associated with lower birth weight: −23.8 g (95% CI −44.4 to −3.2) and length: −0.10 cm (95% CI −0.19 to −0.01) and increased cephalisation index: 0.91 μm/g (95% CI 0.23 to 1.60). The ‘healthy/traditional’ pattern was not associated with any birth outcomes. This study supports the recommendation to eat a healthy and balanced diet during pregnancy.

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Breakfast patterns and weight status among adolescents – a study on the Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2008-2009

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521002403 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Bruna Kulik Hassan ◽

Diana Barbosa Cunha ◽

Roberta de Oliveira Santos ◽

Valéria Troncoso Baltar

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Weight Status ◽

Principal Component ◽

Population Based ◽

Fruit Juices ◽

Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽

Data Variability ◽

Survey Sample ◽

Mixed Pattern ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Examine the composition of breakfast concerning weight status is essential for evaluating adolescent health and understanding this gap. This study aimed to identify breakfast patterns and investigate the relationship with weight status among Brazilian adolescents. We used a subsample of 7,425 adolescents aged 10-19 years from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. Breakfast eaters were those with intake of at least 50 kcal (209.2kJ) between 5 and 10 a.m. Breakfast dietary patterns were derived by principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation. We performed logistic regression analyses between breakfast patterns and weight status, considering the complexity of the survey sample design. Three breakfast patterns were identified explaining 44.8% of data variability: (1) the Cereal, protein, fruit beverages and Northern/Northeastern pattern, characterized by high consumption of cookies, meats, dairy products, preparations with corn, eggs, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soy-based drinks, tubers/roots/potatoes, and cereals, and negative adherence to cold cut meat and savory snacks/crackers; (2) the Protein-based pattern, characterized by positive loadings for cold cut meat, milk and cheese, and negative for cookies, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soy-based drinks, tubers/roots/potatoes, and cereals; and (3) the Mixed pattern, with positive loadings for cakes, coffee/tea, bread, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soy-based drinks, chocolate/desserts, and savory snacks/crackers. No association was found between skipping and weight status. Overweight adolescents had lower adherence to the Cereal, protein, fruit beverages and Northern/Northeastern pattern pattern (OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.47; 0.96). This is the first study to address dietary patterns at the meal level with adolescent population-based data, which requires further investigation.

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Dietary patterns of Chinese women of childbearing age during pregnancy and their relationship to the neonatal birth weight

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-020-00607-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hui Yan ◽

Shaonong Dang ◽

Yaodong Zhang ◽

Shuying Luo

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Middle Region ◽

Neonatal Birth Weight ◽

Traditional Pattern ◽

Social Demographic

Abstract Objective To examine the type of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the distribution characteristics of children’s birth weight and the association between dietary patterns and neonatal birth weight in China. Methods Data were derived from a cross-sectional program named “The prevalence and risk factors of birth defects in Shaanxi Province” in July to November in 2013. A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select women and their children. The mother’s diet during pregnancy was investigated using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to collect the frequency and amount of food consumption, and the newborn birth weight as well as related social demographic information was collected at the same time. In our study, 0–1 year old children and their mothers with complete dietary survey data were selected as research objects. The main dietary patterns were identified according to factor analysis, and latent class analysis (LCA) was used to investigate the social demographic factors affecting dietary patterns. The logistic regression model was used to assess the association between birth weight and maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy by establishing three adjusting models and the data were stratified for further analysis by urban-rural and regions. Results A total of 15,980 participants were involved in this study. Four dietary patterns were identified: “vegetarian pattern”, “balance pattern”, “traditional pattern” and “processing pattern”. Compared with moderate tertile, women in the highest tertile of adherence to vegetarian pattern increased the risk of low birth weight in offspring in rural areas (OR = 1.61, 95%CI:1.06–2.93) and middle region (OR = 1.75, 95%CI:1.18–2.62), and the traditional pattern had greater odds of lower birth weight in the middle region (OR = 1.55, 95%CI:1.05–3.75). The processing pattern was found a protective factor for the occurrence of low birth weight in rural areas (OR = 0.98, 95%CI:0.43–0.99) but was a risk factor for low birth weight in the southern region (OR = 8.83, 95%CI:1.22–15.16). The balance pattern was a protective factor for the occurrence of low birth weight in the northern region(OR = 0.35, 95%CI:0.14–0.83). Conclusion The vegetarian and traditional pattern may be positively related to a higher risk of low birth weight while the balanced pattern may keep birth weight of offspring within the appropriate range. Health education of balanced diet and individual nutrition guidance during pregnancy should be strengthened, to make the dietary structure during pregnancy are more reasonable, reduce the occurrence of adverse birth weight of newborns.

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Dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy353 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 729S-756S ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ramkripa Raghavan ◽

Carol Dreibelbis ◽

Brittany L Kingshipp ◽

Yat Ping Wong ◽

Barbara Abrams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽

Weight Outcomes ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Pregnancy And Birth

ABSTRACTBackgroundMaternal diet before and during pregnancy could influence fetal growth and birth outcomes.ObjectiveTwo systematic reviews aimed to assess the relationships between dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and 1) gestational age at birth and 2) gestational age- and sex-specific birth weight.MethodsLiterature was searched from January, 1980 to January, 2017 in 9 databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Two analysts independently screened articles using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from included articles and risk of bias was assessed. Data were synthesized qualitatively, a conclusion statement was drafted for each question, and evidence supporting each conclusion was graded.ResultsOf the 9103 studies identified, 11 [representing 7 cohorts and 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT)] were included for gestational age and 21 (representing 19 cohorts and 2 RCTs) were included for birth weight. Limited but consistent evidence suggests that certain dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with a lower risk of preterm birth and spontaneous preterm birth. These protective dietary patterns are higher in vegetables; fruits; whole grains; nuts, legumes, and seeds; and seafood (preterm birth, only), and lower in red and processed meats, and fried foods. Most of the research was conducted in healthy Caucasian women with access to health care. No conclusion can be drawn on the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight outcomes. Although research is available, the ability to draw a conclusion is restricted by inconsistency in study findings, inadequate adjustment of birth weight for gestational age and sex, and variation in study design, dietary assessment methodology, and adjustment for key confounding factors. Insufficient evidence exists regarding dietary patterns before pregnancy for both outcomes.ConclusionsMaternal dietary patterns may be associated with a lower preterm and spontaneous preterm birth risk. The association is unclear for birth weight outcomes.

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Dietary patterns in Swedish adults; results from a national dietary survey

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515004110 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Erika Ax ◽

Eva Warensjö Lemming ◽

Wulf Becker ◽

Agneta Andersson ◽

Anna Karin Lindroos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Principal Component ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Dietary Survey ◽

Meal Pattern ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Using Data ◽

Traditional Pattern

AbstractDietary patterns derived by statistical procedures is a way to identify overall dietary habits in specific populations. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise dietary patterns in Swedish adults using data from the national dietary survey Riksmaten adults 2010–11 (952 women, 788 men). Principal component analyses were used and two patterns were identified in both sexes: a healthy pattern loading positively on vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood, and vegetable oils, and negatively on refined bread and fast food, and a Swedish traditional pattern loading positively on potatoes, meat and processed meat, full-fat milk products, sweet bakery products, sweet condiments and margarine. In addition, a light-meal pattern was identified in women with positive loadings on fibre-rich bread, cheese, rice, pasta and food grain dishes, substitute products for meat and dairy products, candies and tea. The healthy pattern was positively correlated to dietary fibre (r0·51–0·58) andn-3 (r0·25–0·31) (allP<0·0001), and had a higher nutrient density of folate, vitamin D and Se. The Swedish traditional and the light-meal pattern were positively correlated to added sugar (r0·20–0·25) and the Swedish traditional also to SFA (r0·13–0·21) (allP<0·0001); both patterns were in general negatively correlated to micronutrients. Dietary pattern scores were associated with, for example, age, physical activity, education and income. In conclusion, we identified three major dietary patterns among Swedish adults. The patterns can be further used for examining the association between whole diet and health outcomes.

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Dietary patterns and breast-feeding in Australian children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011001030 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 1939-1947 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Jessica A Grieger ◽

Jane Scott ◽

Lynne Cobiac

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Principal Component ◽

Positive Association ◽

National Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the dietary patterns of a national sample of 2–8-year-old Australian children and to establish whether breast-feeding is associated with dietary patterns in this age group.DesignCross-sectional study using 24 h recall data from the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.SettingAustralia.SubjectsA total of 2287 children aged 2–8 years.ResultsPrincipal component factor analysis identified three distinct patterns. The ‘Non-core food groups’ pattern included food groups such as whole-fat dairy products, cheese, medium–high sugar-sweetened breakfast cereals and sweet biscuits, no fruit, reduced/low-fat dairy products and wholegrain bread/rolls. The ‘Healthy, meat and vegetable’ pattern included vegetables, red meat, fruit and wholegrain bread/rolls and was inversely associated with take-away foods and carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages. The ‘Combination’ pattern contained many food groups including candy (not chocolate based), pasta/rice products, nuts/seeds, cakes and chocolate, but no fruit or vegetables. Of the 2287 children, 2064 (89·3 %) had been breast-fed. A positive association was found between breast-feeding and the healthy, meat and vegetable pattern (r= 0·267) but not with the other two patterns. Higher scores on this pattern were also associated with younger age, lower BMI, higher birth weight, high likelihood of being in the less-disadvantaged Socio-economic Indexes for Areas category and less likelihood of the child's parents having a lower educational level.ConclusionsThese results provide suggestive evidence that breast-feeding during infancy is associated with a healthy dietary pattern in childhood and offers a likely pathway to explain the previously reported association between breast-feeding and chronic disease.

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Sociodemographic characteristics and dietary patterns in cardiometabolic risk subjects

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-04-2019-0259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (11) ◽

pp. 2780-2790 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira ◽

Juliana Farias de Novaes ◽

Sarah Aparecida Vieira ◽

Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha ◽

Arieta Carla Gualandi Leal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Traditional Pattern

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the associations of dietary patterns with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in a cardiometabolic risk population. Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study data from 295 (n=123 men/172 women, 42±16 years) participants in a Cardiovascular Health Care Program were included. After a 24-hour recall interview the dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis. Sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle data were collected by medical records. Findings Subjects with diabetes and hypertension had a higher adherence in the “traditional” pattern (rice, beans, tubers, oils and meats). Poisson regression models showed that male subjects with low schooling and smokers had greater adherence to the “traditional” pattern. Also, students, women, and those with higher schooling and sleeping =7 h/night showed higher adherence to healthy patterns (whole grains, nuts, fruits and dairy). Women, young adults and those with higher schooling and fewer sleep hours had greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns. Those with low schooling and unhealthy lifestyle showed more adherence to the “traditional” pattern. Social implications The results indicate the importance to personalized nutritional therapy and education against cardiometabolic risk, considering the dietary patterns specific to each population. Originality/value Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics can influence dietary patterns and this is one of the few studies that investigated this relationship performing principal component analysis.

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Dietary Patterns in Italy and the Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michela Dalmartello ◽

Francesca Bravi ◽

Diego Serraino ◽

Anna Crispo ◽

Monica Ferraroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Renal Cell ◽

Principal Component ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽

Animal Products ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Cooking Oils

Background: Conclusive evidence on foods, nutrients, or dietary patterns and the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is lacking in the literature. Methods: We considered data from an Italian hospital-based case–control study (1992–2004) on 767 incident RCC cases and 1534 controls. A posteriori dietary patterns were identified by applying principal component factor analysis on 28 nutrients derived from a 78-item food-frequency questionnaire. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of RCC and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each quartile category (compared to the lowest one) using conditional multiple logistic regression models providing adjustment for major confounding factors. Results: We identified four dietary patterns, named “Animal products”, “Starch-rich”, “Vitamins and fiber”, and “Cooking oils and dressings”. Higher intakes of the “Starch-rich” pattern were positively associated with RCC risk (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.04–1.82 for the highest quartile, p = 0.018). The association was inverse with the “Cooking oils and dressings” pattern (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47–0.80, p < 0.001), whereas no association was found with “Animal products” and “Vitamins and fiber” patterns. Conclusions: Higher intakes of starch-related foods may increase RCC risk, whereas consumption of olive and seed oils may favorably influence RCC risk.

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Dietary Patterns of Breastfeeding Mothers and Human Milk Composition: Data from the Italian MEDIDIET Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1722

Author(s):

Francesca Bravi ◽

Matteo Di Maso ◽

Simone R. B. M. Eussen ◽

Carlo Agostoni ◽

Guglielmo Salvatori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Human Milk ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Principal Component ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Principal Component Factor Analysis

(1) Background: Several studies have reported associations between maternal diet in terms of single foods or nutrients and human milk compounds, while the overall role of maternal diet and related dietary patterns has rarely been investigated. (2) Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, we enrolled 300 healthy Italian mothers, who exclusively breastfed their infant. During a hospital visit at 6 weeks postpartum, a sample of freshly expressed foremilk was collected and information on maternal dietary habits in the postpartum period was obtained through an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. We applied principal component factor analysis to selected nutrients in order to identify maternal dietary patterns, and assessed correlations in human milk macronutrients and fatty acids across levels of dietary patterns. (3) Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, named “Vitamins, minerals and fibre”, “Proteins and fatty acids with legs”, “Fatty acids with fins”, “Fatty acids with leaves”, “Starch and vegetable proteins”. These dietary patterns were correlated with some milk components, namely fatty acids, and in particular ω-3 and its subcomponents. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that overall maternal dietary habits during breastfeeding may influence human milk composition, suggesting the importance of adequate maternal nutrition during lactation not only for the mother herself but also to provide the infant with milk containing adequate amount and quality of nutrients for a balanced nutrition.

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Interaction of the CMTM7 rs347134 Polymorphism with Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Obesity in Han Chinese Male Children

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17051515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1515 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qi Zhu ◽

Kun Xue ◽

Hong Wei Guo ◽

Fei Fei Deng ◽

Yu Huan Yang

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Han Chinese ◽

Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Chinese Male

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Han Chinese population had found that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the CMTM7 gene rs347134 was significantly associated with Body Mass Index (BMI). In the present study, the association of the rs347134 SNP with obesity and its interaction with dietary patterns (DPs) were explored in Han Chinese children. This cross-sectional study group included 1292 children, in whom obesity-related indicators were evaluated, the rs347134 SNP was genotyped by improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction (iMLDR), and the DPs were identified by principal component factor analysis. The GG genotype exhibited higher odds of general overweight/obesity (P = 0.038) and central obesity (P = 0.039) than AA + GA genotypes in boys. Four DPs of boys were identified: healthy balanced (HBDP), nuts and sweets-based (NSDP), animal food-based (AFDP), and wheaten and dairy-based (WDDP). Boys with the GG genotype were significantly more inclined to AFDP (P = 0.028) and had a shorter sleep duration (P = 0.031). Significant interactions were observed; boys with the GG genotype displayed a higher LDL in AFDP (P = 0.031) and higher FBG in NSDP (P = 0.038), respectively. Our findings indicate for the first time that the GG genotype of CMTM7 rs347134 is potentially a novel obesity risk factor for Han Chinese male children and is associated with dietary patterns more or less.

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The association between lunch composition and obesity in Iranian adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521002543 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-36

Author(s):

Zahra Akbarzade ◽

Kurosh Djafarian ◽

Nasim Saeidifard ◽

Shabnam Aliakbari Majd ◽

Nazila Garousi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio

Abstract We aimed to assess the dietary composition of lunch meal using a posteriori derived dietary patterns and to determine the association of lunch composition with obesity in a sample of Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 men and women in Tehran (aged 20-59 y). Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls, and dietary patterns were identified via principal component factor analysis. For each identified pattern, scores were calculated for each participant and then classified into tertiles. Central obesity was defined WHO criteria. General obesity was defined as a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2. Three major dietary patterns were identified at lunch meal using 12 food groups: “Bread, grains and fat”, “Western”, and “Potato and eggs”. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants at the top tertile of the “Bread, grains and fat” dietary pattern had greater odds for a higher waist to hip ratio, compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.07). However, we found no association between ‘Western or ‘“potato and eggs” patterns and waist to hip ratio (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.28 and OR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.42, respectively). None of the identified dietary patterns was associated when defining obesity with waist circumference or body mass index. In conclusion, participants had a greater chance of central obesity defined based on waist to hip ratio following a lunchtime pattern with a higher and positive loading factor for “Bread, grains and fat”.

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