Efficacy of metal ions and isothiazolones in inhibiting Enterobacter cloacae BF-17 biofilm formation

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Zhou ◽  
Long-jie Li ◽  
Qing-shan Shi ◽  
You-sheng Ouyang ◽  
Yi-ben Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Planktonic Growth ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Initial Biofilm

Enterobacter cloacae is a nosocomial pathogen. The E. cloacae strain BF-17, with a high capacity for biofilm formation, was screened and identified from industrially contaminated samples, carried out in our laboratory. To develop an efficient strategy to deal with biofilms, we investigated the effects of metal ions, including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+, and 3 isothiazolones, on elimination of E. cloacae BF-17 biofilm formation by using a 0.1% crystal violet staining method. The results revealed that higher concentrations of Na+ or K+ significantly inhibited E. cloacae BF-17 biofilm development. Meanwhile, Ca2+ and Mn2+ stimulated biofilm formation at low concentration but exhibited a negative effect at high concentration. Moreover, biofilm formation decreased with increasing concentration of Mg2+ and Cu2+. The isothiazolones Kathon (14%), 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (11%), and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (10%) stimulated initial biofilm formation but not planktonic growth at low concentrations and displayed inhibitory effects on both biofilm formation and planktonic growth at higher concentrations. Unfortunately, the 3 isothiazolones exerted negligible effects on preformed or fully mature biofilms. Our findings suggest that Na+, K+, Mg2+, and isothiazolones could be used to prevent and eliminate E. cloacae BF-17 biofilms.

scholarly journals Inhibition ofStreptococcus gordoniiMetabolic Activity in Biofilm by Cranberry Juice High-Molecular-Weight Component

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jegdish Babu ◽  
Cohen Blair ◽  
Shiloah Jacob ◽  
Ofek Itzhak
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Cranberry Juice ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Molecular Weight Component ◽  
Biofilm Development

Previous studies demonstrated that a cranberry high-molecular-mass, nondialyzable material (NDM) can inhibit adhesion of numerous species of bacteria and prevents bacterial coaggregation of bacterial pairs. Bacterial coaggregation leads to plaque formation leading to biofilm development on surfaces of oral cavity. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of low concentrations of NDM onStreptococcus gordoniimetabolic activity and biofilm formation on restorative dental surfaces. We found that the NDM selectively inhibited metabolic activity ofS. gordonii, without affecting bacterial viability. Inhibiting the metabolic activity of bacteria in biofilm may benefit the health of the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Type IV Pili and the CcpA Protein Are Needed for Maximal Biofilm Formation by the Gram-Positive Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 4944-4951 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Varga ◽  
Blair Therit ◽  
Stephen B. Melville
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Gliding Motility ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Planktonic Growth ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT The predominant organizational state of bacteria in nature is biofilms. Biofilms have been shown to increase bacterial resistance to a variety of stresses. We demonstrate for the first time that the anaerobic gram-positive pathogen Clostridium perfringens forms biofilms. At the same concentration of glucose in the medium, optimal biofilm formation depended on a functional CcpA protein. While the ratio of biofilm to planktonic growth was higher in the wild type than in a ccpA mutant strain in middle to late stages of biofilm development, the bacteria shifted from a predominantly biofilm state to planktonic growth as the concentration of glucose in the medium increased in a CcpA-independent manner. As is the case in some gram-negative bacteria, type IV pilus (TFP)-dependent gliding motility was necessary for efficient biofilm formation, as demonstrated by laser confocal and electron microscopy. However, TFP were not associated with the bacteria in the biofilm but with the extracellular matrix. Biofilms afforded C. perfringens protection from environmental stress, including exposure to atmospheric oxygen for 6 h and 24 h and to 10 mM H2O2 for 5 min. Biofilm cells also showed 5- to 15-fold-increased survival over planktonic cells after exposure to 20 μg/ml (27 times the MIC) of penicillin G for 6 h and 24 h, respectively. These results indicate C. perfringens biofilms play an important role in the persistence of the bacteria in response to environmental stress and that they may be a factor in diseases, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea and gas gangrene, that are caused by C. perfringens.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation by Moraxella catarrhalis In Vitro: Roles of the UspA1 Adhesin and the Hag Hemagglutinin

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1588-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie M. Pearson ◽  
Cassie A. Laurence ◽  
Sarah E. Guinn ◽  
Eric J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Transposon Mutagenesis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Mutant analysis was used to identify Moraxella catarrhalis gene products necessary for biofilm development in a crystal violet-based assay involving 24-well tissue culture plates. The wild-type M. catarrhalis strains that formed the most extensive biofilms in this system proved to be refractory to transposon mutagenesis, so an M. catarrhalis strain was constructed that was both able to form biofilms in vitro and amenable to transposon mutagenesis. Chromosomal DNA from the biofilm-positive strain O46E was used to transform the biofilm-negative strain O35E; transformants able to form biofilms were identified and subjected to transposon-mediated mutagenesis. Biofilm-negative mutants of these transformants were shown to have a transposon insertion in the uspA1 gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the biofilm-positive transformant T14 contained a hybrid O46E-O35E uspA1 gene, with the N-terminal 155 amino acids being derived from the O46E UspA1 protein. Transformant T14 was also shown to be unable to express the Hag protein, which normally extends from the surface of the M. catarrhalis cell. Introduction of a wild-type O35E hag gene into T14 eliminated its ability to form a biofilm. When the hybrid O46E-O35E uspA1 gene from T14 was used to replace the uspA1 gene of O35E, this transformant strain did not form a biofilm. However, inactivation of the hag gene did allow biofilm formation by strain O35E expressing the hybrid O46E-O35E uspA1 gene product. The Hag protein was shown to have an inhibitory or negative effect on biofilm formation by these M. catarrhalis strains in the crystal violet-based assay.

scholarly journals Tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate prevents biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronit Vogt Sionov ◽  
Danae Tsavdaridou ◽  
Muna Aqawi ◽  
Batya Zaks ◽  
Doron Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Planktonic Growth ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
Cariogenic Bacterium ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Tooth Mousse

Abstract Background Streptococcus mutans is a common cariogenic bacterium in the oral cavity involved in plaque formation. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) has been introduced into tooth mousse to encourage remineralization of dental enamel. The aim of this research was to study the effect of tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse®) or CPP-ACP with 0.2% fluoride (CPP-ACPF; GC Tooth Mousse Plus®; GCP) on S. mutans planktonic growth and biofilm formation. Methods S. mutans was cultivated in the presence of different dilutions of the tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP or CPP-ACPF, and the planktonic growth was determined by ATP viability assay and counting colony-forming units (CFUs). The resulting biofilms were examined by crystal violet staining, MTT metabolic assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results The CPP-ACP tooth mousse (GC) at a dilution of 5–50 mg/ml (0.5–5%) did not inhibit planktonic growth, and even increased the ATP content and the number of viable bacteria after a 24 h incubation. The same was observed for the CPP-ACPF tooth mousse (GCP), except for the higher concentrations (25 and 50 mg/ml) that led to a drop in the bacterial count. Importantly, both compounds significantly decreased S. mutans biofilm formation at dilutions as low as 1.5–3 mg/ml. 12.5 mg/ml GC and 6.25 mg/ml GCP inhibited biofilm formation by 90% after 4 h. After 24 h, the MBIC90 was 6.25 mg/ml for both. CLSM images confirmed the strong inhibitory effect GC and GCP had on biofilm formation when using 5 mg/ml tooth mousse. SEM images of those bacteria that managed to form biofilm in the presence of 5 mg/ml tooth mousse, showed alterations in the bacterial morphology, where the streptococci appear 25–30% shorter on the average than the control bacteria. Conclusion Our data show that the tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP reduces biofilm formation of the cariogenic bacterium S. mutans without killing the bacteria. The use of natural substances which inhibit biofilm development without killing the bacteria, has therapeutic benefits, especially in orthodontic pediatric patients.

Research on 17β-Estradiol Degradation Bacteria Isolated from Activated Sludge and its Degrade Characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2606-2609
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Cui Cui Li
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
17Β Estradiol

17β-estradiol(E2) has estrogenic activity at very low concentrations and are emerging as a major concern for water quality. Great endeavors have been done on the removal of E2 in wastewater. This article was mainly researched the isolated of E2 degradation bacteria from activated sludge and its degradation characteristics of the bacteria were also researched. According to its physiological biochemical results analysis, this strain was identified as K.pnem. pneumoniae .This strain can use E2 as sole carbon and energy source for growth. The optimal temperature, pH for the bacterial growth and degradation of E2 was 30°C,7.0, respectively, meanwhile degradation rate reached to 86% and 87%; degradation rate and bacterial growth increased along with E2 concentration increasing, 81% E2 was degraded when E2 concentration is 30mg/L, degradation rate decreased when E2>50mg/L; metal ions such as Fe2+and Zn2+almost have no effect on E2 degradation and bacterial growth; Mn2+can promote growth of strain and degradation, while, metal ions such as Hg2+,Ag+,Cu2+have negative effect on bacterial growth and degradation. The degradation process for E2 with initial concentration of 1mg/L indicated that the degradation rate of E2 by strain within 7days was 98%.

scholarly journals Feeding the Building Plumbing Microbiome: The Importance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials for Biofilm Formation and Management

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Neu ◽  
Frederik Hammes
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Migration ◽  
Plumbing Systems ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Initial Biofilm

The environmental conditions in building plumbing systems differ considerably from the larger distribution system and, as a consequence, uncontrolled changes in the drinking water microbiome through selective growth can occur. In this regard, synthetic polymeric plumbing materials are of particular relevance, since they leach assimilable organic carbon that can be utilized for bacterial growth. Here, we discuss the complexity of building plumbing in relation to microbial ecology, especially in the context of low-quality synthetic polymeric materials (i.e., plastics) and highlight the major knowledge gaps in the field. We furthermore show how knowledge on the interaction between material properties (e.g., carbon migration) and microbiology (e.g., growth rate) allows for the quantification of initial biofilm development in buildings. Hence, research towards a comprehensive understanding of these processes and interactions will enable the implementation of knowledge-based management strategies. We argue that the exclusive use of high-quality materials in new building plumbing systems poses a straightforward strategy towards managing the building plumbing microbiome. This can be achieved through comprehensive material testing and knowledge sharing between all stakeholders including architects, planners, plumbers, material producers, home owners, and scientists.

scholarly journals Biofilm Analysis of Retrieved Dental Implants after Different Peri-Implantitis Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaise C. Geremias ◽  
Juan F. D. Montero ◽  
Ricardo de Souza Magini ◽  
Guenther Schuldt Filho ◽  
Edival Barreto de Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Planktonic Growth ◽  
Chemical Decontamination ◽  
Initial Biofilm ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of the current study was to analyse the planktonic growth of Streptococcus mutans on the surfaces of three implants retrieved after three different peri-implantitis treatments. Three implants from a male patient with high levels of bone loss were treated by mechanical debridement, chemical decontamination, and implantoplasty. After 4 months of follow-up, the implants were removed. The growth and biofilm formation were measured by spectrophotometry (OD630 nm) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), after 48 hours of incubation. Results showed an average of Streptococcus mutans planktonic growth over the implants of 0.21 nm (mechanical debridement), 0.16 nm (chemical decontamination), and 0.15 nm (implantoplasty). Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p<0.05 for chemical decontamination and implantoplasty). Implantoplasty and chemical decontamination showed the lowest levels of planktonic growth, indicating a possible influence of the modification procedures on the titanium surface on the initial biofilm attachment.

scholarly journals Use of In-Biofilm Expression Technology To Identify Genes Involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Development

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (9) ◽  
pp. 2700-2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Finelli ◽  
Claude V. Gallant ◽  
Keith Jarvi ◽  
Lori L. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Planktonic Growth ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms form complex three-dimensional architecture and are tolerant of antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds. In this work, an in vivo expression technology system, originally designed to study virulence-associated genes in complex mammalian environments, was used to identify genes up-regulated in P. aeruginosa grown to a mature (5-day) biofilm. Five unique cloned promoters unable to promote in vitro growth in the absence of purines after recovery from the biofilm environment were identified. The open reading frames downstream of the cloned promoter regions were identified, and knockout mutants were generated. Insertional mutation of PA5065, a homologue of Escherichia coli ubiB, was lethal, while inactivation of PA0240 (a porin homologue), PA3710 (a putative alcohol dehydrogenase), and PA3782 (a homologue of the Streptomyces griseus developmental regulator adpA) had no effect on planktonic growth but caused defects in biofilm formation in static and flowing systems. In competition experiments, mutants demonstrated reduced fitness compared with the parent strain, comprising less than 0.0001% of total biofilm cells after 5 days. Therefore, using in-biofilm expression technology, we have identified novel genes that do not affect planktonic growth but are important for biofilm formation, development, and fitness.

scholarly journals agr System of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e: Role in Adherence and Differential Expression Pattern

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (19) ◽  
pp. 6125-6133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Rieu ◽  
Stéphanie Weidmann ◽  
Dominique Garmyn ◽  
Pascal Piveteau ◽  
Jean Guzzo
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Planktonic Growth ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Differential Expression Pattern ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the agrBDCA operon in the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e. In-frame deletion of agrA and agrD resulted in an altered adherence and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces, suggesting the involvement of the agr system of L. monocytogenes during the early stages of biofilm formation. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that the transcript levels of agrBDCA depended on the stage of biofilm development, since the levels were lower after the initial attachment period than during biofilm growth, whereas transcription during planktonic growth was not growth phase dependent. The mRNA quantification data also suggested that the agr system was autoregulated and pointed to a differential expression of the agr genes during sessile and planktonic growth. Although the reverse transcription-PCR experiments revealed that the four genes were transcribed as a single messenger, chemical half-life and 5′ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) experiments indicated that the full size transcript underwent cleavage followed by degradation of the agrC and agrA transcripts, which suggests a complex regulation of agr transcription.

scholarly journals Role of PvdQ in Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence under iron-limiting conditions

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pol Nadal Jimenez ◽  
Gudrun Koch ◽  
Evelina Papaioannou ◽  
Mariana Wahjudi ◽  
Joanna Krzeslak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Long Chain

PvdQ, an acylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, has been shown to have at least two functions. It can act as a quorum quencher due to its ability to degrade long-chain N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs), e.g. 3-oxo-C12-HSL, leading to a decrease in virulence factors. In addition, PvdQ is involved in iron homeostasis by playing a role in the biosynthesis of pyoverdine, the major siderophore of P. aeruginosa. In accordance with earlier studies on RNA level, we could show at the protein level that PvdQ is only expressed when iron is present at very low concentrations. We therefore set out to investigate the two functions of PvdQ under iron-limiting conditions. Gene deletion of pvdQ does not affect growth of P. aeruginosa but abrogates pyoverdine production, and results in an accumulation of 3-oxo-C12-HSL. Phenotypic analyses of our ΔpvdQ mutant at low iron concentrations revealed that this mutant is impaired in swarming motility and biofilm formation. Additionally, a plant and a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model demonstrated that the deletion of pvdQ resulted in reduced virulence. None of the phenotypes in the present study could be linked to the presence or absence of AHLs. These results clearly indicate that under iron-limiting conditions PvdQ plays a major role in swarming motility, in biofilm development and in infection that is more likely to be linked to the pyoverdine pathway rather than the LasI/LasR/3-oxo-C12-HSL quorum-sensing circuit.

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