ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550039 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOUNGHO CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Global Leader ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level

Energy and environmental policies in Singapore have had two goals — to help the Singapore economy grow, and to keep Singapore clean and green. Energy policies such as development of an energy industry and an energy trading hub have contributed to economic growth and high per capita income, while enhancing energy security. There has been clear success toward achieving water self-sufficiency while providing water for all, and Singapore has become a global leader in the development and commercialization of water reclamation technologies. On the environmental front, indicators such as the share of green space, the ratio of wastes recycled, and decrease in some air pollutants show progress toward being clean and green. Per capita energy consumption has jumped to a high level by international standards, due to industrial structure, but energy efficiency and carbon emissions (per capita and per $ of GDP), have improved.

scholarly journals Emerging Technology for a Green, Sustainable Energy Promising Materials for Hydrogen Storage, from Nanotubes to Graphene—A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jastrzębski ◽  
Piotr Kula
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Carbon Based

The energetic and climate crises should pose a challenge for scientists in finding solutions in the field of renewable, green energy sources. Throughout more than two decades, the search for new opportunities in the energy industry made it possible to observe the potential use of hydrogen as an energy source. One of the greatest challenges faced by scientists for the sake of its use as an energy source is designing safe, usable, reliable, and effective forms of hydrogen storage. Moreover, the manner in which hydrogen is to be stored is closely dependent on the potential use of this source of green energy. In stationary use, the aim is to achieve high volumetric density of the container. However, from the point of view of mobile applications, an extremely important aspect is the storage of hydrogen, using lightweight tanks of relatively high density. That is why, a focus of scientists has been put on the use of carbon-based materials and graphene as a perspective solution in the field of H2 storage. This review focuses on the comparison of different methods for hydrogen storage, mainly based on the carbon-based materials and focuses on efficiently using graphene and its different forms to serve a purpose in the future H2-based economy.

scholarly journals Development and Structural Changes of Carbon Footprint in EU28

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4771
Author(s):  
Josef Slaboch ◽  
Pavlína Hálová ◽  
Adriana Laputková
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Per Capita

This paper discusses the topical issue which examines the development of CO2 emissions in individual countries of the European Union (EU28) for the period between 2000 and 2017. Carbon footprint is monitored in four basic economic sectors of the EU28 countries—energy, other industries, agriculture, and waste management. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a structural analysis of the percentage contribution of individual sectors while determining the average conversion of emissions in tonnes per capita for individual countries, subsequently identifying the tendencies in the development of the detected rates. A cluster analysis for the EU28 that demonstrate similar carbon footprint values in the examined economic areas is conducted for the findings. The partial aim of the paper is to perform a comparison of the monitored countries and detect whether the differences between those striving for decarbonisation are diminishing. The energy industry is the most significant contributor to emission levels. The index analysis indicates that the level of emissions throughout the EU28 in all the monitored sectors has decreased, predominantly in waste management (by 40%,) which is followed by industry (17%), energy (by 16.2%), and agriculture (by 5%). The cluster analysis conducted for 2000 and 2017 has confirmed the convergence of the identified groups of the EU28. Individual clusters of the countries thus display minor differences and converge in general.

scholarly journals Environmental Sustainability and Economic Growth in Greenland: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Javier Arnaut ◽  
Johanna Lidman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
High Level

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis assumes there is an inverted U-shape relationship between pollution and income per capita, implying an improvement in environmental quality when a growing economy reaches a high level of economic development. This study evaluated empirically the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve in Greenland for the period 1970–2018. Using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the results show evidence of a U-shaped EKC in Greenland instead of the hypothesized inverted U-shape. The findings indicate that Greenland had initially experienced a decoupling transition during an early development stage associated with structural conditions of a small subsistence economy. However, once the country began to expand its industry, the trend began to reverse, creating a positive and significant relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita that is potentially detrimental to the Arctic natural environment.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN THE FIELD OF NON-FINANCIAL REPORTING AND THE PRACTICE OF THEIR APPLICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
E. V. ANDRIANOVA ◽  
◽  
P. S. SHCHERBACHENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Source Of Information

This article discusses and analyzes the most popular standards of non-financial reporting, which has a significant impact on the transformation of the business environment. Already, domestic and foreign companies with a high level of responsibility are beginning to publish non-financial statements in addition to financial statements, which is an additional tool for communication with stakeholders and a new source of information about their activities. To date, reports of this type are clearly unregulated, there are no verification standards, however, there is already a positive trend and the active introduction of non-financial indicators in the regular reporting of companies.

scholarly journals The Regional Inequity of CO2 Emissions per Capita in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Wenqing Pan
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Per Capita

This paper combines Theil index method with factor decomposition technique to analyze China eight regions’ inequality of CO2 emissions per capita, and discuss energy structure, energy intensity, industrial structure, and per capita output’s impacts on inequality. This research shows that: (1) The trend of China regional carbon inequality is in the opposite direction to the per capita CO2 emission level. Namely, as the per capita CO2 emission levels rise, regional carbon inequality decreases, and vice versa. (2) Per capita output factor reduces regional carbon inequality, whereas energy structure factor and energy intensity factor increase the inequality. (3) More developed areas can reduce the carbon inequality by improving the energy structure, whereas the divergence of energy intensity in less developed areas has increased to expand the carbon inequity. Thus, when designing CO2 emission reduction targets, policy makers should consider regional differences in economic development level and energy efficiency, and refer to the main influencing factors. At the same time, upgrading industrial structure and upgrading energy technologies should be combined to meet the targets of economic growth and CO2 emission reduction.

scholarly journals Sustainability and Depletion Accounting: A Case Study of Oil in Libya

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrazag Mohamed Etelawi ◽  
Keith A. Blatner ◽  
Jill McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
National Income ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Income Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level

There is a strong need to study sustainability and depletion accounting of oil in the Libyan economy because oil production and export is the single largest source of national income in the country. This study covers the time period from 1990 to 2009. Throughout this period, the Libyan national economy used its oil and petroleum industries to increase national income. Development sustainability can be defined as investment divided by GDP. This measure provides an indication of the low level of sustainable development in Libya over the period of analysis, which is 0.38 on average. It is important that the Libyan government develop and implement plans and strategies for achieving sustainability and the maintenance of oil resources.Carbon dioxide emissions provide another indication of the presence or absence of sustainability. The ratio of carbon dioxide ranged from a minimum of 8.50 metric tons per capita in 1990 to 10.00 metric tons per capita in 2009 and average 9.07 metric tons per capita over the course of the study period. CO2 emissions were also much higher than other countries in the Middle East and North Africa. This suggests there was relatively little interest in the sustainable development of the Libyan economy during this period. The Environment Domestic Product (EDP) increased sharply from the beginning of the study at $24.23 billion in 1991 to $45.87 billion in 2009 in constant dollars. Again, one can infer that policy makers did not consider the depletion of oil resources and the environment in their planning process, or at least did not place a high level of concern on this issue.

scholarly journals The North-South Gas Corridor in the Context of Poland’s Gas Transmission System—A Perfect Opportunity to Diversify Gas Resources

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7188
Author(s):  
Wiktor Hebda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
The North ◽  
System A ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Huge Challenge ◽  
Gas Supply

The energy sector in Poland is currently calling for dynamic redevelopment and cleaner energy. This country is world famous for its high level of coal production, from which it does not want to retreat in the next two decades. For this reason, it is safer to gradually reduce the use of coal while increasing the consumption of gas and simultaneously developing green energy. However, the Polish gas sector is still dependent on Russian gas supplied through the Yamal gas pipeline. Taking into consideration Polish geopolitics, this state of affairs poses a huge challenge and a threat to Poland’s energy security. That is why the concept of the North-South Gas Corridor was introduced. It is intended to be a network of gas pipelines that connect the countries of Central and South Europe to two gas terminals (in Poland and Croatia), which will supply gas from a chosen source. This article presents the current condition of the gas sector in Poland. It focuses on the North-South Gas Corridor project and its impact on the energy security of Poland. An analysis of documents and field research shows that the North-South Gas Corridor provides Poland with an opportunity to diversify the sources and directions of gas supply over the next few years.

scholarly journals 2013 review of the implementation status of corporate governance disclosures: Case of Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermeen F. Shehata ◽  
Khaled M. Dahawy
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
High Level ◽  
Implementation Status ◽  
Minimal Disclosure ◽  
Governance Disclosure

This report is a case study of corporate governance disclosure in Egypt. The study employs the benchmark of good practices in corporate governance disclosure developed by the Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR). This benchmark consists of fifty two disclosure items covering five subject areas and is based on a sample of the top 29 listed companies in Egypt. This study is complimentary to an earlier study conducted in 2007: 2007 Review of the implementation status of corporate governance disclosures: case study Egypt. This report compares the results of the current study to the 2007 study. This study finds the average disclosure level is less than half of the items in the ISAR benchmark. While nine items in the ISAR benchmark were disclosed by more than two-thirds of the companies in the study, forty items were disclosed by less than half. The absolute number of disclosure items found for each company ranged from 5 to 43, indicating a high level of variability between ‘best practice’ companies and companies with minimal disclosure practices. The study concludes that while the sample has relatively high rates of disclosure for few items, and the average disclosures in 2010 almost doubled the 2005 average disclosures in Egypt for several categories, they are still low levels compared to the average emerging markets levels. Policy options discussed include penalizing companies for undisclosed items, and providing education and training for executives and directors to enhance the awareness of the rapidly evolving regulatory environment, as well as the underlying importance of corporate governance disclosure

scholarly journals Present status and constitutional remedies of continuing medical education in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 776-781
Author(s):  
Sang Hyun Kim ◽  
Jung Yul Park
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Medical Education System ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study is to identify the historical background and status of continuing medical education (CME) in Korea, and to establish a method for improving CME in the future. Currently, the CME in Korea presents several problems that need to be addressed, such as the appropriateness of the annual required credits, maintenance of simple refresher training, insufficient online education, and evaluation and accreditation of educational institutions. Solutions are offered in the form of increased time for the required credits, introduction of social competency topics and education methods, improvement of online education, evaluation to improve the quality of CME, and introduction of a systematic and appropriate evaluation and accreditation system. CME and continuing professional development (CPD) are not only obligations stipulated in the medical law, but also professional requisites in terms of securing autonomy through self-development and self-regulation. It aims to enlighten the high level of professionalism required by the international community. It is an essential requirement and ultimately promotes and protects the physical, mental, and social health of people worldwide. In order to cope with the international standards of CME/CPD that ensure high quality treatment and patient safety, it is crucial to reform the continuing medical education system by securing the physicians’ professionalism. To this end, authors propose the improvement and implementation of CME system in Korea based on internal review and benchmarks of the internationally recognized CME/CPD systems that meet global standards.

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