Prolactin in human milk: correlation with lactose, total protein, and alpha-lactalbumin levels

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. E83-E86 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Healy ◽  
S. Rattigan ◽  
P. E. Hartmann ◽  
A. C. Herington ◽  
H. G. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Alpha Lactalbumin

To determine whether prolactin (PRL) could be conclusively demonstrated in human milk, samples from nine puerperal women were examined by radioimmunoassay techniques. Recovery of 78 +/- 5% (mean +/- SE) PRL added to eight milk samples and mean recoveries of 83, 92, and 92% of PRL after 1, 2, and 3 h incubation at 21 degrees C indicated that quantitative recovery was possible. PRL immunoreactivity was not lost by dialysis for 96 h. Serial dilution of milk samples before and after dialysis gave inhibition curves parallel to PRL standards. Milk PRL concentrations were high for the first 3 days after birth, with a peak mean value of 157 +/- 18 ng/ml (SE) on the third day. Milk PRL levels then fell sharply to a mean of 24 ng/ml 13 days after delivery. Milk PRL concentrations showed a significant negative correlation (P less than 0.001) with milk lactose (r = -0.59) and positive correlations (P less than 0.01) with total milk protein (r = 0.49) and alpha lactalbumin (r = 0.33) estimations. We conclude that i) PRL is a normal constituent of human milk, ii) high concentrations of PRL are present in human milk for the first 3 days postpartum but subsequently fall rapidly, and iii) milk PRL levels correlate significantly with milk lactose, total protein, and alpha-lactalbumin values.

High concentrations of haptocorrin interfere with routine measurement of cobalamins in human serum and milk. A problem and its solution

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorte L. Lildballe ◽  
Tore F. Hardlei ◽  
Lindsay H. Allen ◽  
Ebba Nexo
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Serum Sample ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Median Concentration ◽  
Routine Measurement ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract: Human milk and occasional serum samples contain high concentrations of unsaturated haptocorrin, which influence accurate measurement of cobalamins.: Cobalamins in serum samples spiked with increasing amounts of unsaturated haptocorrin were measured employing the Centaur, Cobas and Architect analysers. Cobinamide-coated EAH sepharose was employed for pretreatment of the samples. Human milk samples were collected from 24 healthy mothers. Haptocorrin was measured by ELISA.: The measured concentration of cobalamins either increased (Centaur analyser) or decreased (Architect, Cobas analysers) significantly for haptocorrin >10 nM, and was 220%, 52% or 45% of the expected values in a serum sample containing 50 nM haptocorrin. Following pretreatment with cobinamide-sepharose, the expected cobalamin concentration was obtained (Centaur). The milk samples contained 4.5–180 nM haptocorrin. In samples containing >10 nM haptocorrin (n=19), the median concentration of cobalamins decreased from 1.3 nM to 0.67 nM after pretreatment with cobinamide-sepharose.: Haptocorrin in concentrations above 10 nM influences measurement of cobalamins giving rise to falsely elevated or decreased results. Removal of unsaturated haptocorrin by pretreatment with cobinamide-sepharose solves the problem.Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:182–7.

The Effect of Holder Pasteurization on the Diversity of the Human Milk Bacterial Microbiota Using High-Throughput DNA Sequencing

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442110119
Author(s):  
Igrid García-González ◽  
Karina Corona-Cervantes ◽  
Fernando Hernández-Quiroz ◽  
Loan Edel Villalobos-Flores ◽  
Flor Galván-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Before And After

Background Human milk is the best food for infants; however, when breastfeeding is not possible, pasteurized milk from human milk banks is the best alternative. Little has been reported about variations in the bacterial microbiota composition of human milk after pasteurization. Research aim To characterize and compare the bacterial microbiota composition and diversity within human milk among Mexican mothers before and after the Holder pasteurization process. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and comparative design was used. The effect of the pasteurization process on the bacterial composition and diversity of human milk samples of donors ( N = 42) from a public milk bank was assessed before and after pasteurization by high throughput deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing of V3-16S rRNA gene libraries. Sequencing data were examined using the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology software and Phyloseq in R environment. Results A varied community of bacteria was found in both raw and pasteurized human milk. The bacterial diversity of the milk samples was increased by the pasteurization, where some thermoduric bacteria of the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were more abundant. The source tracker analysis indicated that at most 1.0% of bacteria may have come from another source, showing the safety of the process used to treat milk samples. Conclusion The pasteurization process increased the bacterial diversity. We selected taxa capable of surviving the process, which could proliferate after the treatment without being a risk for infants.

scholarly journals Changes in Antisecretory Factor in Human Milk During the Postpartum and Length of Gestation

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442110213
Author(s):  
Anna Gustafsson ◽  
Ewa Johansson ◽  
Ewa Henckel ◽  
Stefan Lange ◽  
Kajsa Bohlin
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Antisecretory Factor

Background Preterm infants are more susceptible to inflammatory complications than term infants. Human milk contains numerous bioactive components protecting the newborn infant. Antisecretory factor, a protein regulating secretory and inflammatory processes by complex binding with complement factors, is present in human milk. Research Aims To describe antisecretory factor (1) in mother’s own milk in term and preterm infants; and (2) in donor milk before and after Holder pasteurization. Methods The study was prospective, longitudinal, explorative, and descriptive. Antisecretory factor-compleasome was determined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in longitudinal human milk samples over 12 weeks from mothers ( N = 87) of term ( n = 41) and of preterm ( n = 46) infants and 20 anonymized donor human milk samples before and after Holder pasteurization. Results Antisecretory factor-compleasome was overall higher in colostrum versus mature milk ( p < .001) and no difference was found in term or preterm colostrum ( p = .82). In mature milk, compleasome was higher and more variable in the preterm group ( p = .01). After Holder pasteurization, compleasome levels increased ( p < .001). Conclusion Antisecretory factor followed the pattern of other immunological factors with high levels in colostrum. After preterm birth, levels of antisecretory factor were higher and more variable in mature milk. Holder pasteurization did not degrade antisecretory factor, indicating preserved anti-inflammatory properties in donor human milk.

Cortisol and its possible role in regulation of sodium and potassium in human milk

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. E253-E261 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Keenan ◽  
S. W. Buzek ◽  
C. Garza
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Cortisol (F), Na, and K were measured in human milk samples taken every 4 h during 28 24-h cycles in 19 subjects. F in milk, measured by radioimmunoassay of unchromatographed extracts, demonstrated a circadian variation similar to that of plasma F and was dexamethasone-suppressible. Values ranged from 220 +/- 41 (SE) ng/dl at 2300 h to 1,214 +/- 210 at 0700 h. When milk extracts were chromatographed, a similar circadian variation was seen, and F ranged from 87 +/- 27 (SE) ng/dl at 2300 h to 784 +/- 164 at 700 h. The morning values of F exceeded previous estimates of corticosteroid binding capacity in milk, indicating the possibility of significant levels of unbound F. The subjects were divided into three groups according to time postpartum: I, 3.5-6 wk; II, 8-18 wk, and III, 20-32 wk. In milk, normalized values of F (unchromatographed) and electrolytes (x/means) were compared, with x the value at time t and means the mean value for a 24-h cycle. A significant circadian variation was seen in milk for (x/means)Na, (x/means)K, (x/means)Na/K, and x/means)F. Correlation of (x/means)F with (x/means)Na 4 h later was negative in all three groups (r = -0.36 to -0.56, P less than 0.10-0.001) as was (x/means)F vs. (x/means)Na/K (r = -0.33 to -0.61, P less than 0.10-0.001); (x/means)F vs. (x/means)K 4 h later was positive (r = 0.38 to 0.52, P less than 0.05-0.001). Dexamethasone administration caused a significant decrease in milk means Na and an increase in meansK in all five subjects (P less than 0.01). Thus, milk Na and K concentrations appeared regulated by adrenal corticosteroids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Changes in the Number of Eosinophils Before and After Phototherapy in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Sangsari ◽  
Maryam Saeedi ◽  
Maliheh Kadivar ◽  
Sara Khalighi
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Background: The prevalence of asthma is higher in icteric babies. It is thought that eosinophilia and asthma are complications of phototherapy rather than hyperbilirubinemia. Objectives: Since there is little data in this regard, we evaluated the relationship between phototherapy and the level of eosinophils in this study. Methods: In this cross-sectional prospective study, we assessed icteric neonates admitted to the neonatal and intensive care unit of Children’s Medical Center of Tehran during 2017 - 2018. Laboratory data including serum bilirubin and count of blood cell differentiation for eosinophils, before, during, and after phototherapy besides demographic data like age, gender, gestational age, and duration of phototherapy were collected. Results: Totally, 163 neonates (52.1% male and 47.9% female) with a mean age of 5.49 ± 4.01 days, enrolled in the study. The prevalence of term neonates was 81% and 19% were preterm. The mean of serum total bilirubin was 17.91 ± 3.37 mg/dL. Compared to the mean value of eosinophils before phototherapy, this value in the first (P = 0.001) and second (P < 0.001) days were significantly higher. In female neonates, there was a significant increase in eosinophils in the first (P = 0.001) and second (P < 0.001) day of the post-treatment period. However, in male subjects, this increase was significant only in the second day after phototherapy (P = 0.001). In neonates less than one week of age, this count was significantly increased on the first (P = 0.003) and second (P < 0.001) day after phototherapy. In cases with hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia, eosinophils count before phototherapy and the second day was significant (P = 0.006). The mean of eosinophils in first and second days after phototherapy was not correlated with the severity of hyperbilirubinemia but there is a significant negative correlation between the mean total bilirubin of patients with mean eosinophils before phototherapy. Conclusions: Our findings showed that there was a significant relationship between hyperbilirubinemia and its therapeutic phototherapy with an increasing level of peripheral eosinophils count in neonates.

Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Putri Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

Efektifitas Pendidikan Kesehatan Dengan Metode Ceramah Tentang Vulva Hygiene Terhadap Perilaku Merawat Vulva Hygiene Saat Menstruasi Pada Remaja Putri Kelas VII Di SMPN 1 Gondang Mojokerto

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titin Dwi Ernawati ◽  
Nikhen Fitrianingtyas Harni ◽  
Jinnani Firdausiyah
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Average Behavior ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

ABSTRAKWanita muda cenderung memiliki perilaku buruk pada kebersihan selama menstruasi. Ketika reproduksi basah dan basah, maka akan meningkatkan keasaman memfasilitasi pertumbuhan jamur. Kondisi seperti gatal pada vulva, area eksternal biasanya terjadi pada wanita muda di masa menstruasi. Perilaku seseorang dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan. Pengetahuan seseorang tentang sesuatu dapat menyebabkan perubahan perilaku. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode ceramah dalam merawat kebersihan vulva terhadap perilaku kebersihan vulva saat menstruasi pada wanita muda di kelas VII di SMPN 1 Gondang Mojokerto.Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimental One Group Pre-Post Test Design. Populasi adalah wanita muda di kelas VII di SMPN 1 Gondang Mojokerto. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling dan diperoleh 21 sampel wanita muda. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Analisis data dengan membandingkan perilaku rata-rata memperlakukan kebersihan vulva selama menstruasi sebelum dan sesudah kuliah pendidikan kesehatan.Hasil penelitian sebelum pengobatan (pre-test) menunjukkan nilai rata-rata 9,000 sedangkan penelitian setelah perawatan (post test) menunjukkan nilai rata-rata 14,190. Ada perubahan dalam perilaku rata-rata memperlakukan kebersihan vulva selama menstruasi wanita muda sebelum dan sesudah kuliah pendidikan kesehatan di 5.190.Berdasarkan hasil pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode ceramah efektif untuk meningkatkan perawatan perilaku untuk kebersihan vulva selama menstruasi pada wanita muda. Kuliah pendidikan kesehatan tentang kebersihan vulva dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu cara efektif untuk memperbaiki perilaku kebersihan yang buruk selama menstruasi pada wanita muda.Kata kunci: pendidikan kesehatan, perilaku, kebersihan vulva ABSTRACTYoung women tend to have bad behavior on hygiene during menstruation. When reproduction moist and wet, it will increase the acidity facilitate mold growth. Conditions such as itching of the vulva, the external area usually occurs during young women in the menstrual period. Person's behavior is influenced by the level of education and knowledge. One's knowledge about something can cause behavioral changes. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of health education with the lecture method of treating vulva hygiene on the behavior of vulva hygiene during menstruation in young women in class VII at SMPN 1 Gondang MojokertoType of research is pre experimental One Group Pre-Post Test Design. The population was young women in class VII at SMPN 1 Gondang Mojokerto. Sampling technique used total sampling and obtained 21 samples of young women. Measurement tool used in the study was questionnaire. Analysis of the data by comparing the average behavior of treating vulva hygiene during menstruation before and after the health education lecture.The results of the study before treatment (pre-test) showed a mean value of 9,000 while the study after treatment (post test) showed a mean value of 14,190. There is a change in the average behavior of treating vulva hygiene during menstruation young women before and after the health education lecture at 5,190.Based on the results of health education with the lecture method effectively to improved behavioral care for vulva hygiene during menstruation in young women. Health education lecture about hygiene vulva can be used as one of the effective ways to improve the behavior of poor hygiene during menstruation in young women.Key Words: health education, behaviour, vulva hygiene 

scholarly journals Physiological and Psychological Effects of Watching Videos of Different Durations Showing Urban Bamboo Forests with Varied Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3434
Author(s):  
Yuqian Wang ◽  
Mingyan Jiang ◽  
Yinshu Huang ◽  
Zhiyi Sheng ◽  
Xiao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Psychological Indicators ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time

This study illustrated the physiological and psychological effects of watching videos of different durations showing bamboo forests with varied structures. Physiological indicators, including EEG (electroencephalogram), blood pressure, skin conductance, and pulse, were monitored in 180 Chinese university students (mean age: 20.72 ± 2.56 years) while they were watching bamboo videos. Before and after watching the videos, their psychological indicators, including positive and negative moods, were measured using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. After watching the bamboo videos of different durations, all of the physiological indicators responded to the stimulation after only 1 min. The indicators showed different trends at 1, 3 and 5 min. EEG decreased and then was maintained at a stable level after 1 min, and the high β, low β, and α waves had no significant differences between 1, 3 and 5 min. Blood pressure dropped to a stable state after 3 min, and the decline was significantly different greater after 3 min than after 1 min. Skin conductance increased for 1 to 5 min, and it did not stabilize after a long time (5 min). Pulse decreased after 1 min but increased after 5 min. After watching the videos with bamboo of varying structures, the physiological and psychological indicators showed significantly different changes. Skin conductance significantly increased (mean value: 6.78%), and the amount of sweat was more effectively reduced, thereby reducing tension, when the students viewed videos of sympodial bamboo forests compared with monopodial bamboo forests. Bamboo forests with a higher canopy density (0.83–0.85) could significantly decrease α waves (mean value: 1.50 Hz), relaxing the human body. High β and low β waves showed greater decreases, with tension reduced more effectively, when bamboo forests with a low tilt ratio (< 1.5%) were viewed. Bamboo forests with neat undergrowth could have more beneficial physiological and psychological effects on the human body.

scholarly journals Adsorption Studies on Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Silver to Remove Nitrates from Waters

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Yesica Vicente-Martínez ◽  
Manuel Caravaca ◽  
Antonio Soto-Meca ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martín-Pereira ◽  
María del Carmen García-Onsurbe
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Interference Studies

This paper presents a novel procedure for the treatment of contaminated water with high concentrations of nitrates, which are considered as one of the main causes of the eutrophication phenomena. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with silver (Fe3O4@AgNPs) were synthesized and used as an adsorbent of nitrates. Experimental conditions, including the pH, adsorbent and adsorbate dose, temperature and contact time, were analyzed to obtain the highest adsorption efficiency for different concentration of nitrates in water. A maximum removal efficiency of 100% was reached for 2, 5, 10 and 50 mg/L of nitrate at pH = 5, room temperature, and 50, 100, 250 and 500 µL of Fe3O4@AgNPs, respectively. The characterization of the adsorbent, before and after adsorption, was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Nitrates can be desorbed, and the adsorbent can be reused using 500 µL of NaOH solution 0.01 M, remaining unchanged for the first three cycles, and exhibiting 90% adsorption efficiency after three regenerations. A deep study on equilibrium isotherms reveals a pH-dependent behavior, characterized by Langmuir and Freundlich models at pH = 5 and pH = 1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies were consistent with physicochemical adsorption for all experiments but showed a change from endothermic to exothermic behavior as the temperature increases. Interference studies of other ions commonly present in water were carried out, enabling this procedure as very selective for nitrate ions. In addition, the method was applied to real samples of seawater, showing its ability to eliminate the total nitrate content in eutrophized waters.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine mRNABNT162b2 Elicits Human Antibody Response in Milk of Breastfeeding Women

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Maurizio Guida ◽  
Daniela Terracciano ◽  
Michele Cennamo ◽  
Federica Aiello ◽  
Evelina La Civita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Antibodies ◽  
Roche Diagnostics

Objective: The objective of this research is to demonstrate the release of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) antibodies in human milk samples obtained by patients who have been vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Milk and serum samples were collected in 10 volunteers 20 days after the first dose and 7 seven days after the second dose of the mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were measured by the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S ECLIA assay (Roche Diagnostics AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), a quantitative electrochemiluminescence immunometric method. Results: At first sample, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (103.9 ± 54.9 U/mL) and only in two (40%) milk samples with a low concentration (1.2 ± 0.3 U/mL). At the second sample, collected 7 days after the second dose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (3875.7 ± 3504.6 UI/mL) and in all milk samples (41.5 ± 47.5 UI/mL). No correlation was found between the level of serum and milk antibodies; the milk antibodies/serum antibodies ratio was on average 2% (range: 0.2–8.4%). Conclusion: We demonstrated a release of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies in the breast milk of women vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2. Vaccinating breastfeeding women could be a strategy to protect their infants from COVID-19 infection.

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