Physiological effects of deuterium on dogs

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorice M. Czajka ◽  
Asher J. Finkel ◽  
Conrad S. Fischer ◽  
Joseph J. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cell Count

The physiological consequences of the deuterium isotope effect in large mammals were studied in two dogs, one of which was maintained at 20% concentration of D2O in the body fluids for 50 days, and the other at the toxic range of 33–35% for a brief period. Deuteration of the dogs was effected by replacement of ordinary water with deuterium oxide in both food and drink. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count dropped but the white blood cell count was essentially unaffected although there was a progressive lymphopenia and granulocytosis. Serum glucose was decreased, especially at higher deuterium levels. Total serum cholesterol values were also diminished although the esters were essentially unchanged. Serum sodium and both NPN and BUN were within normal limits except for a terminal elevation of the latter. Serum potassium was slightly lowered for a brief period after 3 weeks. Electrocardiograms showed ST segment coving and elevation and an increase in the QT ratio that suggested nonspecific myocardial damage; these changes reverted to normal while the dog was still deuterated at a level of 20%. Both dogs exhibited neuromuscular disturbances, in one case definite weakness of the hind legs and in the other, fine muscle tremors.

scholarly journals Studies on the toxicity of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Adedapo ◽  
O.A. Omoloye ◽  
O.G. Ohore
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

The toxic effects of an aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius were studied in 20 male white rats over a period of 18 days. The rats were divided into four groups of five rats per group. Those in Group A served as controls while the rats in Groups B, C and D were dosed per os with 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1 600 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analysis and specimens of the liver, kidney and testes were taken for histopathological studies. The study showed that the extract of A. precatorius caused decreased levels of packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. The extract also resulted in increased levels of total serum protein, albumin, alanine amino transaminase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Histologically, testicular degeneration characterized by decreased numbers of lining cells of the epithelium as well as reduction in sperm cells with presence of scattered Sertoli cells were noted. The study thus showed that aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius is toxic and caution should be exercised in its use for medicinal purpose.

scholarly journals Vitamin-C Treated Haematology Assessment of Swiss Albino Mice (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9044-9050
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Albino Mice

Vitamin C is an essential dietary supplement that plays a vital role in battling health conditions. The antioxidant has positive effects on the functioning of the body. The purpose of this study is to investigate the outcome of varying concentrations of Vitamin C on the hematological parameters of Swiss Albino mice. Four albino mice were separated and accommodated in similar caging conditions. Three of them were orally administered with 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, and 1000mg/kg Vitamin C powder, along with their diet. The fourth one was kept as control, in order to provide a standard value for future comparison. After 30 days of administration of the Vitamin C, the red blood cell count, the white blood cell count, the hemoglobin concentration, the platelet cell count, and the packed cell volume of the blood samples were tested.

scholarly journals Correlation between malondialdehyde and metanephrine in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1217-1225
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Healthy Control

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common diseases , so in this study the serum level of malondialdehyde and its relationship with metanephrine was investigated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients over one month of treatment. Some biochemical parameters (serum glucose , total serum protein , malondialdehyde ,vitamin C, and metanephrine) changed as well as white blood cell count and blood hemoglobinlevelswere analyzed in sixty patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia over one month of treatment compared to healthy control group.Statistically significant increases (p

scholarly journals Clinico-pathological studies in cattle experimentally infected with Taenia saginata eggs : research communication

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oryan ◽  
S.N.S. Gaur ◽  
N. Moghadder ◽  
H. Delavar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Tissue Reactions

Calves 1-2 months old were experimentally infected with eggs of Taenia saginata and clinical and haematological deviations, development and distribution of cysticerci and pathological changes were recorded. The calves infected with 5 000, 10 000 or 50 000 eggs showed an increase in pulse and respiratory rates. The animals that received 50 000 eggs had significantly increased pulse (p<0.05) and respiratory rates (p<0.005). The symptoms were more severe in young, 30-day-old calves infected with 50 000 eggs. Haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit values and red blood cell count decreased, but white blood cell count increased slightly. Lymphocytes and eosinophils also increased up to 88%and 14% (p<0.05), respectively. Most of the cysticerci were not fully formed 1 month post-infection, but at 2 months the cysts were fully mature and at 4 months, some cysts had degenerated. There was no uniformpattern of distribution of cysticerci in the body of infected calves, but the most commonly affected sites were masseter and heart muscles, followed by diaphragm, tongue and other skeletal muscles. The maximum concentration of 8-14 cysticerci per 10 g of tissue was recorded in masseter muscles and heart. The affected parts revealed tissue reactions that included pressure atrophy, necrosis and fibrosis. Microscopically, the lesions comprised infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and macrophages, fibrosis, necrosis and calcification. The tissue reaction was severe in calves infected with 50 000 eggs. The severity of clinical signs, haematological and pathological changes depended mostly on the age of the animals and dose of infection.

Erythrocytosis and Performance of HbA1c in Detecting Diabetes on an Oxygen-Deficient Plateau: A Population-based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1612-e1620
Author(s):  
Qian Ren ◽  
Xuemei Lv ◽  
Lihui Yang ◽  
Jun Yue ◽  
Yingying Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Screening ◽  
Blood Cell Count

Abstract Context The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is a standard test for diabetes screening and diagnosis. Objective To evaluate A1c performance for diabetes screening in high-altitude polycythemia compared to a population with a high proportion of people living in an oxygen-deficient environment. Design A population-based epidemiological survey was conducted. Setting The cities Lhasa and Shigatse were selected. Volunteers were recruited through educational advertisements about diabetes. Participants A total of 1401 Tibetan adults without known diabetes. Interventions Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c, and complete blood cell count were performed. Hemoglobin A1c was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography, and serum glucose level, using the hexokinase method. Main Outcome Measures World Health Organization criteria were used to define diabetes and prediabetes. Hemoglobin A1c test performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results The participants’ mean age was 44.3 ± 15.0 years; 33.3% of the participants were men and 38.6% lived in urban areas. The prediabetes and diabetes prevalence rates were 7.5% and 3.6%, respectively. The optimal HbA1c cutoff for detecting diabetes was 46 mmol/mol (6.4%), with a sensitivity and specificity of 60.8% and 93.6%, respectively. The cutoff for detecting diabetes was 6.7% (50 mmol/mol) in subjects with high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC). The relationship between red blood cell (RBC) counts and HbA1c was significant (P &lt; 0.001), while there was no correlation between hemoglobin (Hb) and HbA1c (P = 0.085). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and fasting serum glucose or 2-hour OGTT (OGTT2h) serum glucose, RBC count and not Hb level was an independent risk factor for HbA1c (β = 0.140, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions The optimal HbA1c cutoff for detecting diabetes was 46 mmol/mol (6.4%) in Tibet. Red blood cell count was an independent risk factor for elevated HbA1c, and HAPC may affect the predictive ability of HbA1c.

Evaluation of Quality Control in Clinical Chemistry and Hematology Using Sigma Metrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S80-S80
Author(s):  
Carol Njeru
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Internal Quality Control ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Method Performance

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical chemistry and hematology laboratory performance using six sigma metrics. Methods Clinical chemistry data and hematology data were analyzed from Bungoma Referral Hospital. Five parameters from renal and liver function tests were studied over a period of 6 months (December 2016 to May 2017). Data from IQC and EQA participation were used. The analytes were plasma creatinine, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total serum protein, and total and direct bilirubin. Hematology parameters, namely white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels, were studied. Data from IQC and EQA participation were used. Sigma metrics was calculated using total allowable error as per CLIA recommendations. Bias was calculated from HUQAS EQA participation while coefficient of variation was calculated from IQC data collected during the abovementioned months. Results Clinical chemistry had sigma metrics below 3; the highest sigma value was 2.01 while the lowest sigma value was 0.85. Hematological parameters had sigma levels above 3. The highest sigma value was 7.21 while the lowest sigma value was 3.87. Only one level of sigma was below 4. Conclusion Clinical chemistry analytes had sigma levels less than 3; method performance improvement with stringent internal quality control and correct setting of control limits need to be applied. Application of sigma metrics in addition to daily internal quality control can identify analytical deficits and improvement in clinical laboratories. Most hematological parameters had sigma levels above 3. The highest sigma value was 7.21 while the lowest sigma value was 3.87. Only one level of sigma was below 4.

Perbedaan Profil Darah pada Mahasiswa Perokok dengan Bukan Perokok Di Jurusan Analis Kesehatan Pontianak

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Lusia Rosauli Stefani ◽  
Sri Tumpuk ◽  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Activated Neutrophils ◽  
The Difference

Abstract: Cigarettes are one tobacco product intended to be burned and smoked, the smoke containing nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide has a strong tendency to bind to hemoglobin in red blood cells and increase the viscosity of blood making it easier for blood clots. Cigarettes cause the imbalance of antioxidants in the body characterized by the stimulation of the hematopoietic system, especially the bone marrow in producing and excluding leukocytes in the circulation including the activated neutrophils. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference of blood profles in non smoker students in Pontianak Health Analyst Department. The research was Cross-sectional and sampling technique used was total sampling. The sample in this study were D-IV Health Analysts level 1 to 4 students who were 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The blood profles were examined by using the analytical analyzer. The results showed the difference of hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell count with sig <0.05 whereas the white blood cell count and neutrophil type did not show any difference with the sig value> 0.05 on 25 respondents smokers and 25 respondents are not smokers.Abstrak: Rokok adalah salah satu produk tembakau yang dimaksudkan untuk dibakar dan dihisap, asapnya mengandung nikotin, tar dan karbon monoksida. Karbon monoksida memiliki kecenderungan yang kuat untuk berikatan dengan hemoglobin dalam sel darah merah dan meningkatkan viskositas darah sehingga mempermudah penggumpalan darah. Rokok menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan antioksidan dalam tubuh ditandai oleh stimulasi dari sistem hematopoietik, khususnya sumsum tulang dalam menghasilkan dan mengeluarkan leukosit pada sirkulasi termasuk neutrofl yang teraktivasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan profl darah pada mahasiswa perokok dengan bukan perokok di Jurusan Analis Kesehatan Pontianak. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Cross-sectional dan teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa D-IV Analis Kesehatan tingkat 1 sampai 4 yang berjumlah 25 orang perokok dan 25 orang bukan perokok. Profl darah responden diperiksa secara otomatis menggunakan alat hematology analyzer. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya perbedaan kadar hemoglobin, hematokrit dan hitung jumah sel darah merah dengan nilai p< 0.05 sedangkan hasil hitung jumlah sel darah putih dan jenis neutrofl tidak menunjukan adanya perbedaan dengan nilai p>0.05 pada 25 responden perokok dan 25 responden bukan perokok.

scholarly journals Morphological Changes Depending on the Contentof Clozapine and its Metabolites in the Lungs and Serum (Experimental Study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
O. L. Romanova ◽  
D. V. Sundukov ◽  
A. M. Golubev ◽  
M. I. Blagonravov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cell Count

The purpose of the study: to assess the morphological changes in the lungs depending on the content of clozapine and its metabolites in the lungs and serum.Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on male outbred rats weighing 290-350 g at the age of 20 weeks (n=15). The animals were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 — reference group (intact rats) (n=5); Group 2 -poisoning with clozapine (n=5); Group 3 — poisoning with a combination of clozapine with ethanol (n=5). Clozapine was administered orally at a dose of 150 mg per kg of animal's body weight under general anesthesia; alcohol was administered together with clozapine orally at a dose of 5 ml per kg of animal's body weight. Further study was carried out 24 hours after administration of drugs to animals of the 2nd and 3rd groups. After euthanasia of the animals by decapitation, tissue samples of lungs were embedded in paraffin according to the standard technique. Then 5-μm thick histological sections were made and examined using light microscopy with the aid of a Nikon Eclipse E400 microscope equipped with a video system based on the Watec 221S camera (Japan) at magnification of X200 and X400. The following pathological patterns were assessed: disorder of blood circulation (hyperemia, hemorrhage, and sludge), the presence of atelectasis and dystelectasis, the presence of emphysema, the cellular response (an increase in the white blood cell count), and desquamation of epithelium into the lumen of the bronchi. A chemical and toxicological study was performed on a high-performance liquid chromatograph with mass detector Agilent Technologies 430 Triple Quad LC/MS (Germany). To obtain chromatograms, the following software was used: Agilent Mass Hunter Workstation for series tripple Quadrapole vers. B06.00 build 6.0.6.25.4sp4.The following software was used for processing chromatograms: Agilent Mass Hunter Quantitive Analysis vers. B 07.00 build 7.0.457.0. Serum and lung homogenate levels of clozapine, norclozapine, and clozapine-N — oxide were evaluated.Results. In 24 hours, animals in the 2nd group exhibited atelectasis and dystelectasis in the lung tissue, and leukocyte infiltration; in the 3rd group, arterial hyperemia, cellular response (an increase in the white blood cell count), atelectasis and dystelectasis, and thickening of interalveolar septa were revealed. In 24 hours, in the lungs of animals of the 3rd group, the concentration of clozapine increased by 22.2-fold, norclozapine by 6.6-fold, and clozapine-Noxide by 6.2-fold as compared to the 2nd group; in serum it increased by 5.7-, 2.0and 4.6-fold, respectively.Conclusion. In the case of poisoning with clozapine in combination with ethanol, a complex of pathological changes in the lungs develops, which is more severe than the isolated effect of clozapine administered as a single drug. The concentration of clozapine and its metabolites in the lung tissue and blood serum is higher when it enters the body in combination with ethanol.

scholarly journals Impact of Heat Stress on Blood and Serum Biochemistry Parameters in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
Rita I. ODO ◽  
Samuel O. ONOJA ◽  
Cyrus O. OSUAGWU
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Twenty mature albino rats randomly assigned to two groups (n=10) were used for the study. Group A was exposed to the sun, while group B was kept under a shade. The study was for 28 days. At the end of the study, the effects of heat stress on haematology and serum biochemistry were determined. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the packed cell volume  of group A when compared to group B. Red blood cell count of group A increased significantly when compared to group B. The mean erythroid values for MCHC and MCH decreased significantly in group A when compared to group B.  The mean haemoglobin concentration of group A was significantly lower when compared to that of group B. White blood cell count of group A decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared to group B on day 28. The result of the differential leucocyte count showed significant decrease in lymphocytes in the heat stressed group when compared to the unstressed for the entire period. Total serum protein significantly increased in group A when compared to group B on day 14. Alanine amino transferase significantly increases in group A when compared to group B on day 28. Alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly in group A throughout the study period when compared to group B. Aspartate - amino transferase increased significantly in group A when compared to group B on day 28. Serum cholesterol significantly decreased in group A on day 28 when compared to group B.

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