Effect of exercise training on cardiac oxytocin and natriuretic peptide systems in ovariectomized rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. R267-R275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Gutkowska ◽  
Amélie Paquette ◽  
Donghao Wang ◽  
Jean-Marc Lavoie ◽  
Marek Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Response To Exercise

Exercise training results in cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations that may be beneficial in menopausal women by reducing blood pressure, insulin resistance, and cholesterol level. The adaptation of the cardiac hormonal systems oxytocin (OT), natriuretic peptides (NPs), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in response to exercise training was investigated in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Ovariectomy significantly augmented body weight (BW), left ventricle (LV) mass, and intra-abdominal fat pad weight and decreased the expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A), in the right atrium (RA) and LV, indicating estrogenic control of these genes. These effects of ovariectomy were counteracted by 8-wk-long exercise training which decreased fat pad weight (33.4 ± 2.3 to 23.4 ± 3.1 g, n = 8, P < 0.05), plasma free fatty acids (0.124 ± 0.033 to 0.057 ± 0.010 mM, n = 8, P < 0.01), and plasma triacylglycerol (0.978 ± 0.174 to 0.588 ± 0.115 mM, n = 8, P < 0.05). Chronic exercise tended to decrease BW and stimulated ANP (4- to 5-fold) and OTR gene expression in the LV and RA and BNP and inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA in the LV. In sham-operated rats, exercise augmented ANP expression in the RA, downregulated GC-A mRNA in the LV and RA, but increased its expression threefold in the RA of OVX animals. Endothelial NOS and iNOS expression was enhanced in the left atrium of sham-operated rats. Altogether, these data indicate that in OVX animals, chronic exercise significantly enhances cardiac OT, NPs, and NOS, thus implicating all three hormonal systems in the beneficial effects of exercise training.

High-impact exercise strengthens bone in osteopenic ovariectomized rats with the same outcome as Sham rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 1032-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Honda ◽  
Naota Sogo ◽  
Seigo Nagasawa ◽  
Takuya Shimizu ◽  
Yoshihisa Umemura
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Jump Exercise ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Right

The effect of jump exercise on middle-aged osteopenic rats was investigated. Forty-two 9-mo-old female rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (OVX). Three months after surgery, the rats were divided into the following groups: Sham sedentary, Sham exercised, OVX sedentary, and OVX exercised. Rats in the exercise groups jumped 10 times/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk, with a jumping height of 40 cm. Less than 1 min was required for the jump training. After the experiment, the right tibia and femur were dissected, and blood was obtained from each rat. OVX rats were observed to have increased body weights and decreased bone mass in their tibiae and femurs. Jump-exercised rats, on the other hand, had significantly increased tibial bone mass, strength, and cortical areas. The bone mass and strength of OVX exercised rats increased to approximately the same extent as Sham exercised rats, despite estrogen deficiency or osteopenia. Our data suggest that jump exercise has beneficial effects on lower limb bone mass, strength, bone mineral density, and morphometry in middle-aged osteopenic rats, as well as in Sham rats.

Ameliorative effect of low-dose spironolactone on obesity and insulin resistance is through replenishment of estrogen in ovariectomized rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Olatunji ◽  
Oluwaseun A. Adeyanju ◽  
Olugbenga S. Michael ◽  
Taofeek O. Usman ◽  
Rita C. Tostes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Hormonal Therapies

Women have a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than men at a similar age but the reverse is the case after menopause, indicating a possible protective effect of estrogen on cardiometabolic function. Although various hormonal therapies have been formulated to combat the CVD risks in postmenopausal state, the beneficial effects have not been consistent. Obesity with insulin resistance (IR) is closely linked to CVD risks while ovariectomized rodents have been shown to mimic a state of obesity and IR. We therefore hypothesized that low-dose spironolactone would ameliorate obesity and IR in estrogen-deprived rats by replenishing estrogen and suppressing elevated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: sham-operated (SHM), spironolactone (SPL; 0.25 mg/kg), and ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with or without spironolactone daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that estrogen deprivation through ovariectomy caused increased body mass gain and visceral adiposity that are accompanied by increased HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, 1-hour postload glucose, glucose intolerance, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, plasma insulin, atherogenic dyslipidemia, uric acid, GSK-3, corticosterone, and aldosterone and depressed 17β-estradiol. However, treatment of OVX rats with spironolactone ameliorated all these effects. Taken together, the results demonstrate that treatment with low-dose spironolactone improves obesity and IR, which appears to involve replenishment of estrogen and suppression of GSK-3 along with circulating mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid. The findings imply a positive cardiometabolic effect of low-dose spironolactone usage in estrogen-deprived conditions.

scholarly journals Vitex agnus-castusL. (Verbenaceae) Improves the Liver Lipid Metabolism and Redox State of Ovariectomized Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele Neves Moreno ◽  
Lilian Brites Campos-Shimada ◽  
Silvio Claudio da Costa ◽  
Rosângela Fernandes Garcia ◽  
Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Agnus Castus ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fat Liver

Vitex agnus-castus(VAC) is a plant that has recently been used to treat the symptoms of menopause, by its actions on the central nervous system. However, little is known about its actions on disturbances in lipid metabolism and nonalcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD), frequently associated with menopause. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats exhibit increased adiposity and NAFLD 13 weeks after ovary removal and were used as animal models of estrogen deficiency. The rats were treated with crude extract (CE) and a butanolic fraction of VAC (ButF) and displayed the beneficial effects of a reduction in the adiposity index and a complete reversion of NAFLD. NAFLD reversion was accompanied by a general improvement in the liver redox status. The activities of some antioxidant enzymes were restored and the mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production was significantly reduced in animals treated with CE and the ButF. It can be concluded that the CE and ButF fromVitex agnus-castuswere effective in preventing NAFLD and oxidative stress, which are frequent causes of abnormal liver functions in the postmenopausal period.

Effects of exercise training on coronary reactive hyperemia and blood flow in the dog

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Laughlin ◽  
J. N. Diana ◽  
C. M. Tipton
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Isoproterenol Infusion ◽  
Hyperemic Flow

The reactive hyperemic responses to 10-s coronary occlusions were studied in seven sedentary-control (C) and eight exercise-trained (T) anesthetized dogs, with electromagnetic flowmeters placed on the left anterior descending coronary artery. Radiolabeled microspheres (9 +/- 0.8 micron) were used to measure resting coronary flow per gram and to study the effects of isoproterenol infusion (ISO) (1 mg/kg-min) on total and regional coronary flow. Base-line coronary flow per 100 g was significantly greater in the T dogs (122 +/- 7) than in C dogs (100 +/- 4). During ISO, T and C coronary resistances did not differ significantly, whereas the effects of ISO on total and regional coronary flow were quite different in T dogs as compared to C dogs. C and T hyperemic flow debt repayments did not differ significantly; however, the peak reactive hyperemic flow in T dogs (344 +/- 12%) was significantly greater than the control (306 +/- 10%). Since resting coronary flow per gram was greater in T dogs, the greater peak reactive hyperemic flow implies that T dogs have an increased coronary reserve. Although the mechanisms involved are unclear, the results of this study indicate that chronic exercise training may have beneficial effects on coronary physiology.

Benefits of exercise training on cardiovascular dysfunction: molecular and integrative

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. H1027-H1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving H. Zucker ◽  
Timothy I. Musch
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Peripheral Vasculature ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Circulatory Physiology ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Intense Research

Exercise training has been shown to ameliorate a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders. The mechanisms by which long-term benefits of exercise training are mediated remains incomplete, despite intense research in this area. Exactly how the act of chronic exercise improves function in every tissue is unknown, but many of the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms are becoming progressively clearer. This “Perspectives” article reviews the contributions of 15 articles published in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology in response to a Call for Papers in this area. Here, we summarize the contributions of these studies at the cardiac, vascular, immune, and molecular levels. We discuss the translational benefit of these studies and conclude that the beneficial effects of exercise training in cardiovascular disease is due to a large interplay of cellular and molecular mediators in the heart and peripheral vasculature as well as changes in neural elements that regulate blood pressure and blood flow. Readers are encouraged to evaluate and learn from this collection of novel studies.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Total Phenylethanoid Glycoside Fraction Isolated from Cistanche deserticola on Bone Microstructure in Ovariectomized Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Yang ◽  
Shuqin Ding ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
Yanhong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycoside ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ovx Rats

The present study was designed to estimate the antiosteoporotic activity of total phenylethanoid glycoside fraction isolated from C. deserticola (CDP) on rats induced by ovariectomy (OVX) as well as the related mechanisms. After 3 months of oral administration, the decreased bone mineral density, serum Ca, and P in OVX rats were recovered and the deteriorated trabecular bone microarchitecture was partly improved by CDP (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) intervention, the activities of bone resorption markers were downregulated, and the bioactive of the bone formation index was upregulated; meanwhile, the content of MDA was declined, and GSH was increased by CDP treatment. Compositionally, 8 phenylethanoid glycoside compounds were identified in CDP, with the total contents quantified as 50.3% by using the HPLC method. Mechanistically, CDP declined the levels of TRAF6, RANKL, and RANK, thus suppressing RANKL/RANK/TRAF6-induced activation of downstream NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and ultimately preventing activities of the key osteoclastogenic proteins of NFAT2 and c-Fos. All of the above data implied that CDP exhibited beneficial effects on bone microstructure in ovariectomized rats, and these effects may be related to the NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways which were triggered by the binding of RANKL, RANK, and TRAF6.

scholarly journals Prenylated Isoflavonoids-Rich Extract of Erythrinae Cortex Exerted Bone Protective Effects by Modulating Gut Microbial Compositions and Metabolites in Ovariectomized Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2943
Author(s):  
Hui-Hui Xiao ◽  
Xueli Yu ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Chi-On Chan ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ovx Rats

Flavonoids, found in a wide variety of foods and plants, are considered to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that Erythrina cortex extract (EC) rich in prenylated isoflavonoids exerted bone protective effects in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The present study aimed to investigate the interactions of gut microbiota with the EC extract to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in its beneficial effects on bone. Sprague-Dawley female rats of 3-months-old were ovariectomized and treated with EC extract for 12 weeks. EC extract reversed ovariectomy-induced deterioration of bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture as well as downregulated cathepsin K (Ctsk) and upregulated runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the tibia of OVX rats. Its protective effects on bone were correlated with changes in microbial richness and the restorations of several genera. EC increased the serum circulating levels of acetate and propionate in OVX rats. We conclude that the bone protective effects of EC extract were associated with the changes in microbial compositions and serum short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in OVX rats.

Therapeutic Effect of Selected Biomaterials (Mg/Zn/F-CaPs, Administered by Injection) on Bone Properties of Ovariectomized Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Otsuka ◽  
Ayako Oshinbe ◽  
Atsuo Ito ◽  
Kuniko Otsuka ◽  
William I. Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and fluoride (F)-containing calcium phosphate compounds (Mg/Zn/F-CaP) in correcting the bone mineral deficiency noted in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In order to evaluate therapeutic effect of selected Mg/Zn/F-BCP preparations (G2: 1.13%Mg/13.6%Zn/2.5%F, G3:7.76%Mg/1.89%Zn /3.01%F and G4:2.72%Mg/3.75%Zn/1.35%F), suspensions consisting of Mg/Zn/F-CaP preparations and of Zn-TCP (G1: 6.17%Zn) powder were injected in the right thigs of OVX rats for 4 weeks. Injection of Zn-TCP powder suspension in G1 and G2 groups led to the recovery of plasma Zn levels in OVX rats. The area under the curve of plasma Zn for the G2, G1 and Normal (not ovariectomized) control group (GN) groups were significantly lower than those of the group G3, G4 and OVX /untreated control (GC) groups (p<0.05). The bone mineral density (BMD) of the right femur was significantly higher than that of the left in G1, G2, G3 and G4 groups on day 28. However, there was no significant difference in the BMD between the left and right femur in the GC and GN groups.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and inactivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J. Pillon ◽  
Brendan M. Gabriel ◽  
Lucile Dollet ◽  
Jonathon A. B. Smith ◽  
Laura Sardón Puig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Adaptations

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms underlying the response to exercise and inactivity are not fully understood. We propose an innovative approach to profile the skeletal muscle transcriptome to exercise and inactivity using 66 published datasets. Data collected from human studies of aerobic and resistance exercise, including acute and chronic exercise training, were integrated using meta-analysis methods (www.metamex.eu). Here we use gene ontology and pathway analyses to reveal selective pathways activated by inactivity, aerobic versus resistance and acute versus chronic exercise training. We identify NR4A3 as one of the most exercise- and inactivity-responsive genes, and establish a role for this nuclear receptor in mediating the metabolic responses to exercise-like stimuli in vitro. The meta-analysis (MetaMEx) also highlights the differential response to exercise in individuals with metabolic impairments. MetaMEx provides the most extensive dataset of skeletal muscle transcriptional responses to different modes of exercise and an online interface to readily interrogate the database.

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