Effect of ganglionic blockade on catecholamine secretion in exercised dogfish

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. R915-R919
Author(s):  
D. F. Opdyke ◽  
J. Bullock ◽  
N. E. Keller ◽  
K. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Control Level ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Ganglionic Blockade ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

A brief bout of vigorous exercise results in significant increases in plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in the dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Since the presence of a functioning sympathetic nervous system in dogfish is in doubt, experiments were undertaken to show whether or not exercise-induced catecholamine (CA) secretion is under autonomic neurogenic control. Changes in plasma E and NE in a control group of exercised fish were compared with changes in fish exercised while under the influence of ganglionic blockade. Ganglionic blockade was induced in dogfish by hexamethonium infusion before exercise. CA secretion in response to a subsequent bout of exercise was significantly reduced without impairment of the ability of the fish to exercise. The pattern of systemic arterial pressure response to exercise and recovery (initial decrease during exercise followed by a prompt recovery to control level) was not significantly altered by ganglionic blockade. It is concluded that in dogfish some fraction of CA secretion capacity is possibly or potentially under neurogenically related control. Apparently the fraction of CA secretion under such control is not essential for performing exercise. The pattern of CA secretion accompanying the events of exercise and recovery in dogfish suggests that CA may play a more important role in recovery from exercise than in its performance.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced hemolysis in sickle cell anemia: shear sensitivity and erythrocyte dehydration

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
OS Platt
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Shear Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Hemolysis ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract We describe a steady-state patient with sickle cell anemia (SS disease) who developed sporadic hemoglobinuria, historically related to vigorous exercise. We studied him and four other patients with SS disease and demonstrated exercise-induced hemoglobinemia. To see if SS erythrocytes were abnormally fragile when exposed to shear forces that could be generated in small vessels of exercising muscles, we exposed them to physiologic shear rates in a cone-plate viscometer. We show that SS erythrocytes are more shear sensitive than normal erythrocytes. This phenomenon is directly related to the presence of dehydrated cells as demonstrated by the increasing shear sensitivity of increasingly dehydrated cells separated on Stractan density gradients. Normal shear sensitivity could be restored to dehydrated layers by restoring normal hydration. Restoration of shear stability was complete in all layers except for the most dense ISC layer. A control group of patients with SC disease exhibited no exercise-induced hemoglobinemia, no abnormal shear sensitivity of whole blood, and only rare dehydrated ISCs. These studies suggest that the exercise-induced hemolysis in SS patients is related to the lysis of dehydrated, shear-sensitive cells. This same process may also contribute to the chronic hemolysis of SS disease--a phenomenon known to correlate with the numbers of dehydrated ISCs.

Exercise enhances myocardial ischemic tolerance via an opioid receptor-dependent mechanism

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. H402-H408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Dickson ◽  
Christopher P. Hogrefe ◽  
Paula S. Ludwig ◽  
Laynez W. Ackermann ◽  
Lynn L. Stoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infarct Size ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ischemic Tolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise increases serum opioid levels and improves cardiovascular health. Here we tested the hypothesis that opioids contribute to the acute cardioprotective effects of exercise using a rat model of exercise-induced cardioprotection. For the standard protocol, rats were randomized to 4 days of treadmill training and 1 day of vigorous exercise ( day 5), or to a sham exercise control group. On day 6, animals were killed, and global myocardial ischemic tolerance was assessed on a modified Langendorff apparatus. Twenty minutes of ischemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion resulted in a mean infarct size of 42 ± 4% in hearts from sham exercise controls and 21 ± 3% ( P < 0.001) in the exercised group. The cardioprotective effects of exercise were gone by 5 days after the final exercise period. To determine the role of opioid receptors in exercise-induced cardioprotection, rats were exercised according to the standard protocol; however, just before exercise on days 4 and 5, rats were injected subcutaneously with 10 mg/kg of the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone. Similar injections were performed in the sham exercise control group. Naltrexone had no significant effect on baseline myocardial ischemic tolerance in controls (infarct size 43 ± 4%). In contrast, naltrexone treatment completely blocked the cardioprotective effect of exercise (infarct size 40 ± 5%). Exercise was also associated with an early increase in myocardial mRNA levels for several opioid system genes and with sustained changes in a number of genes that regulate inflammation and apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that the acute cardioprotective effects of exercise are mediated, at least in part, through opioid receptor-dependent mechanisms that may include changes in gene expression.

P1497Reversible exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in symptomatic patients with previous Takotsubo syndrome - Insights from exercise echocardiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Y Yakupoglu ◽  
S Saeed ◽  
R Manivarmane ◽  
R Senior ◽  
A R Lyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Motion ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Echocardiography ◽  
Takotsubo Syndrome ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Stress Echo ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Abstract Introduction Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute heart failure syndrome usually associated with rapid and spontaneous recovery of left ventricular (LV) function. However, approximately 10% of patients have persistent symptoms and seek further medical advice. Purpose To determine the cardiovascular haemodynamic and LV contractile response to exercise in these TTS survivors with ongoing symptoms. Methods This was a case-control study of 20 symptomatic patients with previous TTS referred for treadmill exercise echocardiography (EE), and 20 age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched control subjects with normal treadmill EE. Among the TTS group, EE was performed at a median of 8 months (mean 17±21 months) following the index event. Demographic characteristics, resting and EE data were collected. LV ejection fraction (EF) was measured at rest and peak stress. Global longitudinal and circumferential strain (GLS, GCS) were measured at rest. Results All 20 TTS patients were Caucasian postmenopausal females (mean age 63.5±6.6 years). There were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI), resting heart rate (HR) and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared to controls. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were higher in TTS patients (144±17 mmHg versus 128±18 mmHg, and 81±10 mmHg versus 74±9 mmHg, respectively). A comparative analysis of the resting and stress echo data is given in Table 1. The stress echo data showed similar exercise time and peak HR, but higher peak SBP in TTS patients. TTS patients had blunted contractile response to exercise with lower peak LVEF, ΔLVEF (exercise minus resting EF) and peak wall motion score index (WMSI) compared to controls. Among the 20 TTS patients, 12 had exercise-induced wall motion abnormalities: 6 involved the apical segments and 6 developed global dysfunction. In these 12 patients, the mean ΔLVEF was reduced (4%). In the other 8 patients, the ΔLVEF was 16% and pooled the TTS cohort had blunted contractile response with exercise compared to controls (ΔLVEF 8% vs. 19% in the control group, p=0.001). Table 1 Conclusions Our study shows that symptomatic patients with previous TTS have a blunted contractile response to exercise manifest as reversible apical or global LV dysfunction. These findings might indicate the need for treatment. Further systematic investigation of the therapeutic and prognostic implications of this reversible exercise-induced myocardial dysfunction is needed.

Exericise and the Asthmatic Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Chest Tightness ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Airway obstruction often develops in children with asthma after physical exertion. This exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction on asthma is not limited to children with asthma but also occurs in children with allergic rhinitis without clinically necognizable asthma. Typically, 5 to 8 minutes of vigorous exercise is sufficient to make the child short of breath, and symptoms of coughing, chest tightness, and wheezing begin shortly afterward. Chest pain, shortness of breath, and/on chest tightness may be the only complaints. Usually, within ½ to 1 hour, the episode subsides spontaneously. Some children appear to also have a delayed (4 to 12 hours) response to exercise, with the same symptoms that were present immediately after exercise. The severity of such an attack of exercise-induced asthma depends on many factors. Children with poorly controlled asthma may have increased airway obstruction with trivial exercise such as walking or climbing a flight of stairs. The severity of obstruction at the onset of exercise may contribute as well, because an attack that begins with partially obstructed airways may end with more obstructed airways. The cold, dry ambient air significantly increases obstruction, as do many industrial pollutants, particularly sulfur dioxide. Both reactivity and obstruction may worsen with or after a viral infection on with allergen exposure, so that an asthmatic child's response to exercise may vary dramatically from day to day. The exercise itself is an important variable but is individualized. Strenuous exercise increases the severity of the asthma and a short, intense effort may induce exercise-induced asthma as well as a longer, less intense effort.

scholarly journals Keto analogue and amino acid supplementation affects the ammonaemia response during exercise under ketogenic conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1729-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Seixas Prado ◽  
José Melquiades de Rezende Neto ◽  
Rosemeire Dantas de Almeida ◽  
Marcelia Garcez Dória de Melo ◽  
Luiz-Claudio Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Hyperammonaemia is related to both central and peripheral fatigue during exercise. Hyperammonaemia in response to exercise can be reduced through supplementation with either amino acids or combined keto analogues and amino acids (KAAA). In the present study, we determined the effect of short-term KAAA supplementation on ammonia production in subjects eating a low-carbohydrate diet who exercise. A total of thirteen male cyclists eating a ketogenic diet for 3 d were divided into two groups receiving either KAAA (KEx) or lactose (control group; LEx) supplements. Athletes cycled indoors for 2 h, and blood samples were obtained at rest, during exercise and over the course of 1 h during the recovery period. Exercise-induced ammonaemia increased to a maximum of 35 % in the control group, but no significant increase was observed in the supplemented group. Both groups had a significant increase (approximately 35 %) in uraemia in response to exercise. The resting urate levels of the two groups were equivalent and remained statistically unchanged in the KEx group after 90 min of exercise; an earlier increase was observed in the LEx group. Glucose levels did not change, either during the trial time or between the groups. An increase in lactate levels was observed during the first 30 min of exercise in both groups, but there was no difference between the groups. The present results suggest that the acute use of KAAA diminishes exercise-induced hyperammonaemia.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced hemolysis in sickle cell anemia: shear sensitivity and erythrocyte dehydration

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
OS Platt
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Shear Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Hemolysis ◽  
Exercise Induced

We describe a steady-state patient with sickle cell anemia (SS disease) who developed sporadic hemoglobinuria, historically related to vigorous exercise. We studied him and four other patients with SS disease and demonstrated exercise-induced hemoglobinemia. To see if SS erythrocytes were abnormally fragile when exposed to shear forces that could be generated in small vessels of exercising muscles, we exposed them to physiologic shear rates in a cone-plate viscometer. We show that SS erythrocytes are more shear sensitive than normal erythrocytes. This phenomenon is directly related to the presence of dehydrated cells as demonstrated by the increasing shear sensitivity of increasingly dehydrated cells separated on Stractan density gradients. Normal shear sensitivity could be restored to dehydrated layers by restoring normal hydration. Restoration of shear stability was complete in all layers except for the most dense ISC layer. A control group of patients with SC disease exhibited no exercise-induced hemoglobinemia, no abnormal shear sensitivity of whole blood, and only rare dehydrated ISCs. These studies suggest that the exercise-induced hemolysis in SS patients is related to the lysis of dehydrated, shear-sensitive cells. This same process may also contribute to the chronic hemolysis of SS disease--a phenomenon known to correlate with the numbers of dehydrated ISCs.

scholarly journals Cystic fibrosis, atopy, and airways lability.

1978 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Silverman ◽  
F D Hobbs ◽  
I R Gordon ◽  
F Carswell
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Severe Lung Disease ◽  
Severe Lung

In a survey of cystic fibrosis (CF) in the Avon area, 48 children with CF from 40 families together with 71 of their parents were studied by spirometry, exercise tests, and pinch tests. A control group of 42 young adults was similarly tested; control data for children were taken from previously published work. The prevalence of atopy (any positive prick test) in children with CF was 48%. Sensitivity to grass pollens and house dust mite was no more common in these children (29%) than in a normal population (34%). Hypersensitivity to Aspergillus fumigatus was found in 35% of children with CF and was associated with severe lung disease. The parents had a normal pattern and prevalence of atopy. Exercise-induced airways obstruction was present in only 22% of children with CF; its association with severe lung disease rendered interpretation difficult. The parents had a normal response to exercise. Both hypersensitivity to A. fumigatus and exercise-induced airways lability had the features of acquired characteristics. There was nothing in the present study to support the hypothesis that the possession of a CF gene predisposed to atopy.

scholarly journals How N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation Affects Redox Regulation, Especially at Mitohormesis and Sarcohormesis Level: Current Perspective

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Aslı Devrim-Lanpir ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Exercise frequently alters the metabolic processes of oxidative metabolism in athletes, including exposure to extreme reactive oxygen species impairing exercise performance. Therefore, both researchers and athletes have been consistently investigating the possible strategies to improve metabolic adaptations to exercise-induced oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been applied as a therapeutic agent in treating many diseases in humans due to its precursory role in the production of hepatic glutathione, a natural antioxidant. Several studies have investigated NAC’s possible therapeutic role in oxidative metabolism and adaptive response to exercise in the athletic population. However, still conflicting questions regarding NAC supplementation need to be clarified. This narrative review aims to re-evaluate the metabolic effects of NAC on exercise-induced oxidative stress and adaptive response developed by athletes against the exercise, especially mitohormetic and sarcohormetic response.

scholarly journals Genotoxic and oxidative effect of duloxetine on mouse brain and liver tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isela Álvarez-González ◽  
Scarlett Camacho-Cantera ◽  
Patricia Gómez-González ◽  
Michael J. Rendón Barrón ◽  
José A. Morales-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Dna Oxidation ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Oxidative Effect

AbstractWe evaluated the duloxetine DNA damaging capacity utilizing the comet assay applied to mouse brain and liver cells, as well as its DNA, lipid, protein, and nitric oxide oxidative potential in the same cells. A kinetic time/dose strategy showed the effect of 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg of the drug administered intraperitoneally once in comparison with a control and a methyl methanesulfonate group. Each parameter was evaluated at 3, 9, 15, and 21 h postadministration in five mice per group, except for the DNA oxidation that was examined only at 9 h postadministration. Results showed a significant DNA damage mainly at 9 h postexposure in both organs. In the brain, with 20 and 200 mg/kg we found 50 and 80% increase over the control group (p ≤ 0.05), in the liver, the increase of 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg of duloxetine was 50, 80, and 135% in comparison with the control level (p ≤ 0.05). DNA, lipid, protein and nitric oxide oxidation increase was also observed in both organs. Our data established the DNA damaging capacity of duloxetine even with a dose from the therapeutic range (2 mg/kg), and suggest that this effect can be related with its oxidative potential.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Swimming Exercise on PGC-1α-FNDC5/Irisin-UCP1 Expression in Male C57BL/6J Mice

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Eunhee Cho ◽  
Da Yeon Jeong ◽  
Jae Geun Kim ◽  
Sewon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Ucp1 Expression ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

Irisin is a myokine primarily secreted by skeletal muscles and is known as an exercise-induced hormone. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the PGC-1α -FNDC5 /Irisin-UCP1 expression which is an irisin-related signaling pathway, is activated by an acute swimming exercise. Fourteen to sixteen weeks old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 20) were divided into control (CON, n = 10) and swimming exercise groups (SEG, n = 10). The SEG mice performed 90 min of acute swimming exercise, while control (non-exercised) mice were exposed to shallow water (2 cm of depth) for 90 min. The mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α, FNDC5 and browning markers including UCP1 were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Serum irisin concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An acute swimming exercise did not lead to alterations in the mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α in both soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, the mRNA and protein expression of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue, mRNA browning markers in visceral adipose tissue and circulating irisin when compared with the control group. On the other hand, an acute swimming exercise led to increases in the mRNA and protein expressions of FNDC5 in the soleus muscle, the protein expression of FNDC5 in the gastrocnemius muscles and the protein expression of UCP1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

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