Effects of food deprivation on daily changes in body temperature and behavioral thermoregulation in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. R134-R139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamae Yoda ◽  
Larry I. Crawshaw ◽  
Kyoko Yoshida ◽  
Liu Su ◽  
Takayoshi Hosono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
The Face ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Escape Behaviors

Homeothermic animals regulate body temperature (Tb) by using both autonomic and behavioral mechanisms. In the latter process, animals seek out cooler or warmer places when they are exposed to excessively hot or cold environments. Thermoregulation is affected by the state of energy reserves in the body. In the present study, we examine the effects of 4-day food deprivation on circadian changes in Tb and on cold-escape and heat-escape behaviors in rats. Continuous measurement of Tb during food deprivation indicated that the peak Tb amplitude was not different from baseline values, but the trough amplitude continuously decreased after the onset of food deprivation. Cold-escape behavior was facilitated by food deprivation, whereas heat-escape behavior was unchanged. After the termination of food deprivation, the lowered Tb returned to normal on the first day. However, cold-escape behavior was still facilitated on the third day after food reintroduction. Autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory effectors are modulated in the face of food shortage so as to maintain optimal performance during the active period, whereas increasing energy conservation occurs during the quiescent phase.

Effect of shodhana and shamana chikitsa in mandala kustha (psoriasis): A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Bala Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Remarkable Improvement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Old Men

Skin is the largest organ of the body both by surface area and weight. This covers the entire body. The thickness of skin varies considerably over all parts of the body and between young and old, men and women. It helps to regulate body temperature, stores water fat and permit sensation of touch. Psoriasis is a chronic dermatosis characterized by covered by silvery loose scales. Treatment available on contemporary system is not curative but suppressive only. The prevalence of psoriasis is 8%. Prevalence equal in males and females. A case of Mandala Kustha discussed here. Patient successfully treated with Shodhana (Virechana karma) & Shamana Chikitsa. After course of 2 months treatment provides significant relief in Sign and Symptoms. In our classics mentioned Shodhana Chikitsa for Kustha Roga. Considering the sign and symptoms of patient was treated with classical Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation) and Shamana Chikitsa according to line of treatment of Kustha (Psoriasis). Assessment was done on before treatment, after treatment and after follow up of 2 months; pictures were taken before treatment and after treatment. Remarkable improvement was noticed, induration and itching after Virechana treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), a poikilothermic mammal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Oiwa ◽  
Kaori Oka ◽  
Hironobu Yasui ◽  
Kei Higashikawa ◽  
Hidemasa Bono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Naked Mole Rat

AbstractThe naked mole-rat (NMR) is a poikilothermic mammal that forms eusocial colonies consisting of one breeding queen, several breeding kings, and subordinates. Despite their poikilothermic feature, NMRs possess brown adipose tissue (BAT), which in homeothermic mammals induces thermogenesis in cold environments. However, NMR-BAT thermogenic potential is controversial, and its physiological roles are unknown. Here, we show that NMR-BAT has beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3)-dependent thermogenic potential, which contributes to thermogenesis in the isolated queen in non-cold environments. NMR-BAT expressed several brown adipocyte marker genes and showed noradrenaline-dependent thermogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Although our ADRB3 inhibition experiments revealed that NMR-BAT thermogenesis slightly delays the decrease in body temperature in a cold environment, it was insufficient to maintain the body temperatures of the NMRs. In a non-cold environment, NMRs are known to increase their body temperature by a heat-sharing behavior. Interestingly, we found that the body temperatures of NMRs isolated from the colony were also significantly higher than the ambient temperature. We also show that queens, but not subordinates, induce BAT thermogenesis in isolated, non-cold conditions. Our research provides novel insights into the role and mechanism of thermoregulation in this unique poikilothermic mammal.

scholarly journals Field-based body temperatures reveal behavioral thermoregulation strategies of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab Minuca pugnax

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244458
Author(s):  
Sarah Hews ◽  
Zahkeyah Allen ◽  
Adrienne Baxter ◽  
Jacquline Rich ◽  
Zahida Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Intertidal Crab ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Difference

Behavioral thermoregulation is an important defense against the negative impacts of climate change for ectotherms. In this study we examined the use of burrows by a common intertidal crab, Minuca pugnax, to control body temperature. To understand how body temperatures respond to changes in the surface temperature and explore how efficiently crabs exploit the cooling potential of burrows to thermoregulate, we measured body, surface, and burrow temperatures during low tide on Sapelo Island, GA in March, May, August, and September of 2019. We found that an increase in 1°C in the surface temperature led to a 0.70-0.71°C increase in body temperature for females and an increase in 0.75-0.77°C in body temperature for males. Body temperatures of small females were 0.3°C warmer than large females for the same surface temperature. Female crabs used burrows more efficiently for thermoregulation compared to the males. Specifically, an increase of 1°C in the cooling capacity (the difference between the burrow temperature and the surface temperature) led to an increase of 0.42-0.50°C for females and 0.34-0.35°C for males in the thermoregulation capacity (the difference between body temperature and surface temperature). The body temperature that crabs began to use burrows to thermoregulate was estimated to be around 24°C, which is far below the critical body temperatures that could lead to death. Many crabs experience body temperatures of 24°C early in the reproductive season, several months before the hottest days of the year. Because the use of burrows involves fitness trade-offs, these results suggest that warming temperatures could begin to impact crabs far earlier in the year than expected.

scholarly journals Characterization of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), a heterothermic mammal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Oiwa ◽  
Kaori Oka ◽  
Hironobu Yasui ◽  
Kei Higashikawa ◽  
Hidemasa Bono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Naked Mole Rat

Abstract The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a heterothermic mammal that forms eusocial colonies consisting of one reproductive female (queen), several reproductive males, and subordinates. Despite their heterothermy, NMRs possess brown adipose tissue (BAT), which generally induces thermogenesis in cold and some non-cold environments. Previous studies suggest that NMR-BAT induces thermogenesis by cold exposure. However, detailed NMR-BAT characteristics and whether NMR-BAT thermogenesis occurs in non-cold environments are unknown. Here, we show beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3)-dependent thermogenic potential of NMR-BAT, which contributes to thermogenesis in the isolated queen in non-cold environments (30 °C). NMR-BAT expressed several brown adipocyte marker genes and showed noradrenaline-dependent thermogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Although our ADRB3 inhibition experiments revealed that NMR-BAT thermogenesis slightly delays the decrease in body temperature in a cold environment (20 °C), it was insufficient to prevent the decrease in the body temperatures. Even at 30 °C, NMRs are known to prevent the decrease of and maintain their body temperature by heat-sharing behaviors within the colony. However, isolated NMRs maintained their body temperature at the same level as when they are in the colony. Interestingly, we found that queens, but not subordinates, induce BAT thermogenesis in this condition. Our research provides novel insights into NMR thermoregulation.

Effect of cutaneous denervation of face and trunk on thermoregulatory responses to cold in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
The Face ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Made In

The effect of eliminating afferent input from cutaneous thermoreceptors of the face and trunk on the ability of rats to regulate body temperature in cool environments was studied. Thermoregulatory ability in a cool environment was assessed first in a 25 degrees C environment and then during slow (20 min) and rapid (5 min) reductions of ambient temperature (Ta) to 15 degrees C by monitoring rate of heat production, rectal temperature, and skin temperature on the back, ear, and tail. These measurements were made in four rats while they were intact and during the 2 wk after cutaneous denervation. Rats were found to regulate body temperature well even after the cutaneous nerves of the trunk and face were sectioned. In eight rats the metabolic curve was determined before and 7–10 days after cutaneous denervation. Although the minimal resting metabolic rates did not differ in the two conditions, the lower critical temperature was significantly elevated from 26.8 to 28.9 degrees C and the rate of rise in metabolic rate per degrees celsius decrease in Ta was also significantly higher after cutaneous denervation. It appears that the higher rate of heat production is in compensation for an increase in the rate of heat loss in denervated rats.

Behavioral thermoregulation in the pika Ochotona princeps: a field study using radiotelemetry

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. MacArthur ◽  
Lawrence C. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Resting State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Maximum Fluctuation

When either the level or duration of spontaneous activity is increased over an ambient temperature range of 2–28C, the body temperature of the pika shows a slight increase; the maximum fluctuation observed was 1.0C. However, none of the changes in body temperature proved to be significantly different from that of the resting state (P < 0.05).In nature, pikas avoid hyperthermia by means of precise behavioral thermoregulation in which both duration and level of activity are regulated. A negative correlation was observed between the duration of lime spent on the surface of the rocks, and the surface ambient temperature, over a range of 3–27C. Between 0930 and 1930 h, as the surface ambient temperature increased, the percentage of observations in which the pika was below the rocks increased, and vice versa. By engaging in short bursts of surface activity (usually less than a 3.5-min duration) followed by retreat to the cooler microclimate beneath the rocks, pikas are able to regulate their body temperature precisely at a level only 2–3C below the upper lethal temperature.

Food deprivation and refeeding in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. R1000-R1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dahlborn ◽  
S. Benlamlih ◽  
R. Zine-Filali ◽  
A. Gueroulali ◽  
J. Hossaini-Hilali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Camels thrive in arid and semiarid areas, although food and water frequently are scarce. However, the mechanisms enabling camels to withstand food deprivation are poorly understood. In this study four female camels were totally deprived of food for 4 days. Their body weight decreased by 6%. Food deprivation caused no change in total plasma protein concentration in the camel, indicating that no alterations in plasma volume occurred. When the first meal was withheld water intake was unchanged. Next day the camels showed signs of hydration with a decreased plasma Na+ concentration and an increased excretion of diluted urine. In the afternoon water intake decreased. Urine K+ excretion fell the first day and urine volume and Na+ excretion from the third day. No activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) was observed. Plasma and urine urea concentration increased during food deprivation. Plasma glucose concentration and plasma cortisol and thyroxine levels did not change. Body temperature decreased during food deprivation. After refeeding, total plasma proteins increased temporarily by 12%, and a threefold increase in RAAS was seen, implying that both plasma volume and RAAs changed rapidly. Our results show that fluid balance was only slightly affected in the food-deprived camel. We suggest that strategies for the camel to endure food deprivation include maintenance of plasma volume and glucose concentration and a lowering of the body temperature.

scholarly journals Field-based body temperatures reveal behavioral thermoregulation strategies of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab Minuca pugnax

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hews ◽  
Zahkeyah Allen ◽  
Adrienne Baxter ◽  
Jacquline Rich ◽  
Zahida Sheik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Intertidal Crab ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Difference

AbstractBehavioral thermoregulation is an important defense against the negative impacts of climate change for ectotherms. In this study we examined the use of burrows by a common intertidal crab, Minuca pugnax, to control body temperature. To understand how body temperatures respond to changes in the surface temperature and explore how efficiently crabs exploit the cooling potential of burrows to thermoregulate, we measured body, surface, and burrow temperature data during low tide on Sapelo Island, GA in March, May, August, and September of 2019. We found that an increase in 1°C in the surface temperature led to a 0.70-0.71°C increase in body temperature for females and an increase in 0.75-0.77°C in body temperature for males. Body temperatures of small females were 0.3°C warmer than large females for the same surface temperature. Female crabs used burrows more efficiently for thermoregulation compared to the males. Specifically, an increase of 1°C in the cooling capacity (the difference between the burrow temperature and the surface temperature) led to an increase of 0.42-0.50°C for females and 0.34-0.35°C for males in the thermoregulation capacity (the difference between body temperature and surface temperature). The body temperature that crabs began to use burrows to thermoregulate was estimated to be around 24°C, which is far below the critical body temperatures that could lead to death. Many crabs experience body temperatures of 24°C early in the reproductive season, several months before the hottest days of the year. Because the use of burrows involves fitness trade-offs, these results suggest that warming temperatures could begin to impact crabs far earlier in the year than expected.

Incubation temperature modulates post-hatching thermoregulatory behavior in the Madagascar ground gecko, Paroedura pictus

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (18) ◽  
pp. 2777-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Blumberg ◽  
Sean J. Lewis ◽  
Greta Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermoregulatory Behavior ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperatures

SUMMARY All vertebrates regulate body temperature within narrow limits, regardless of their physiological capabilities. When do these limits develop, and can they be modified by manipulations of the developmental thermal environment? We addressed these questions by incubating the eggs of the Madagascar ground gecko, Paroedura pictus, at three temperatures and by assessing thermoregulatory behavior in hatchlings. Thermoregulatory behavior was assessed using a two-choice shuttle paradigm, and skin temperatures were measured non-invasively using infrared thermography. The shuttling behavior of hatchlings was systematically affected by the temperature at which they were incubated, and follow-up tests suggested that this effect persisted for at least three weeks post-hatching. The body temperature data from the shuttling experiment were used to model thermoregulatory behavior in a complex thermal environment; the model predicted systematic effects of incubation temperature on thermal preference. The specificity of the alteration in thermoregulatory behavior by incubation temperature is compelling and provides evidence for powerful pre-hatching influences on a fundamental, life-sustaining behavioral process.

Biophysical constraints on the thermal ecology of dinosaurs

Paleobiology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. O'Connor ◽  
Peter Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Seasonal Adjustment ◽  
List Type ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Precise Control

A physical, model-based approach to body temperatures in dinosaurs allows us to predict what ranges of body temperatures and what thermoregulatory strategies were available to those dinosaurs. We argue that 1.The huge range of body sizes in the dinosaurs likely resulted in very different thermal problems and strategies for animals at either end of this size continuum.2.Body temperatures of the smallest adult dinosaurs and of hatchlings and small juveniles would have been largely insensitive to metabolic rates in the absence of insulation. The smallest animals in which metabolic heating resulted in predicted body temperatures ≥ 2°C above operative temperatures (Te) weigh 10 kg. Body temperature would respond rapidly enough to changes in Te to make behavioral thermoregulation possible.3.Body temperatures of large dinosaurs (>1000 kg) likely were sensitive to both metabolic rate and the delivery of heat to the body surface by blood flow. Our model suggests that they could adjust body temperature by adjusting metabolic rate and blood flow. Behavioral thermoregulation by changing microhabitat selection would likely have been of limited utility because body temperatures would have responded only slowly to changes in Te.4.Endothermic metabolic rates may have put large dinosaurs at risk for overheating unless they had adaptations to shed the heat as necessary. This would have been particularly true for dinosaurs with masses > 10,000 kg, but simulations suggest that for animals as small as 1000 kg in the Tropics and in temperate latitudes during the summer, steady-state body temperatures would have exceeded 40°C. Slow response of body temperatures to changes in Te suggests that use of day-night thermal differences would have buffered dinosaurs from diel warming but would not have lowered body temperatures sufficiently for animals experiencing high mean daily Te.5.Endothermic metabolism and metabolic heating might have been useful for intermediate and large-sized (100–3000 kg) dinosaurs but often in situations that demanded marked seasonal adjustment of metabolic rates and/or precise control of metabolism (and heat-loss mechanisms) as typically seen in endotherms.

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