Interaction between exercise and food restriction: effects on longevity of male rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1529-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Holloszy ◽  
K. B. Schechtman
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Maximal Life Span ◽  
Running Wheels

Male rats that exercise in running wheels have a longer average survival than freely eating sedentary controls but, in contrast to food-restricted sedentary controls of the same weight, show no extension of maximal life span (J. Appl. Physiol. 59: 826-831, 1985). To test the possibility that exercise may counteract a life-extending effect of decreased availability of energy for certain biological processes such as cell proliferation, we examined the combined effects of exercise and food restriction on longevity of male rats. As before, wheel running improved average length of life, 978 +/- 172 vs. 875 +/- 175 (SD) days, for the sedentary controls (P less than 0.01) without increasing maximal life span. Paired-weight controls, food restricted (approximately 30% below ad libitum) to weight the same as the runners, showed increases in both average (1,056 +/- 144 days) and maximal life span. Food-restricted runners, with intake restricted to the same extent (approximately 30%), had an increased mortality rate over the first approximately 50% of their survival curve up to approximately 900 days of age; their average life span (995 +/- 226) was similar to that of the control group of runners and shorter than that of their paired-weight food-restricted sedentary controls (1,088 +/- 159 days, P less than 0.05). However, after approximately 900 days of age the food-restricted runners' survival became similar to that of the food-restricted sedentary groups, with a comparable increase in maximal life span. Thus the exercise did not counteract the increase in maximal life span induced by food restriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Mortality rate and longevity of food-restricted exercising male rats: a reevaluation

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Maximal Life Span ◽  
Response To Exercise

Holloszy, John O. Mortality rate and longevity of food-restricted exercising male rats: a reevaluation. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 399–403, 1997.—Food restriction increases the maximal longevity of rats. Male rats do not increase their food intake to compensate for the increase in energy expenditure in response to exercise. However, a decrease in the availability of energy for growth and cell proliferation that induces an increase in maximal longevity in sedentary rats only results in an improvement in average survival, with no extension of maximal life span, when caused by exercise. In a previous study (J. O. Holloszy and K. B. Schechtman. J. Appl. Physiol. 70: 1529–1535, 1991), to test the possibility that exercise prevents the extension of life span by food restriction, wheel running and food restriction were combined. The food-restricted runners showed the same increase in maximal life span as food-restricted sedentary rats but had an increased mortality rate during the first one-half of their mortality curve. The purpose of the present study was to determine the pathological cause of this increased early mortality. However, in contrast to our previous results, the food-restricted wheel-running rats in this study showed no increase in early mortality, and their survival curves were virtually identical to those of sedentary animals that were food restricted so as to keep their body weights the same as those of the runners. Thus it is possible that the rats in the previous study had a health problem that had no effect on longevity except when both food restriction and exercise were superimposed on it. Possibly of interest in this regard, the rats in this study did considerably more voluntary running than those in the previous study. It is concluded that 1) moderate caloric restriction combined with exercise does not normally increase the early mortality rate in male rats, 2) exercise does not interfere with the extension of maximal life span by food restriction, and 3) the beneficial effects of food restriction and exercise on survival are not additive or synergistic.

scholarly journals The effect of sulfur-containing compounds on stress resistance of Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Thiosulphate ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Maximal Life Span ◽  
Resistance To Heat

We have studied the resistance of D. melanogaster imago, Oregon-R stock, reared on the culture medium, supplied either with methionine (1 mg/ml), or with sodium thiosulphate (0.05 mol/l or 0.1 mol/l), to heat (thermal) and alimentary stress. Also we have analyzed the effect of these substances addition to the medium on fertility and pupa lethality of D. melanogaster. A significant increase of resistance to heat stress was shown in flies reared on the culture medium supplied with methionine. Percent of individuals survived after heat stress increased by 35.5%. Imago survival, in the conditions of alimentary deprivation, increased; in this group average life span increased for 3.7 hours, maximal – for 7.5 hours. Fertility of drosophila reared on the medium with addition of methionine increased; number of pupas obtained from one female was more, than in control by 44%. Pupa lethality in this group decreased in three times. Resistance to heat stress of flies reared on the medium with addition of sodium thiosulphate (0.05 mol/l) increased. Number of individuals survived after heat stress was more, than in control by 10%. However, resistance to alimentary deprivation decreased. Their average life span was less for 3.2 hour, than in the control group, and maximal life span was less for 5.4 hour. Resistance to heat stress of flies reared on the medium supplemented with 0.1 mol/l sodium thiosulphate decreased. Percent of individuals survived after heat stress was twice less. Average life span and maximal life span in the conditions of alimentary deprivation increased by 3.4 hours and by 5.5 hours respectively. Fertility of flies developed in the medium with sodium thiosulfate (0.05 mol/l) supplement increased by 48 %, while same index for those consumed sodium thiosulfate 0.1 mol/l had a clear tendency to reduction by 33%. Pupa lethality in both groups consumed sodium thiosulphate (0.05 mol/l and 0.1 mol/l) decreased by 28% and 35% respectively. Thus, methionine consumption by larvae of D. melanogaster promotes resistance to stress and fertility of Oregon-R stock. The effect of sodium thiosulphate on drosophila fitness indexes studied depends on its concentration in the culture medium.

scholarly journals Voluntary Exercise Adapts the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 2020-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa María Uribe ◽  
Lorraine Jaimes-Hoy ◽  
Candy Ramírez-Martínez ◽  
Arlene García-Vázquez ◽  
Fidelia Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Restriction ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Hpt Axis

The hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis modulates energy homeostasis. Its activity decreases in conditions of negative energy balance but the effects of chronic exercise on the axis are controversial and unknown at hypothalamic level. Wistar male rats were exposed for up to 14 days to voluntary wheel running (WR), or pair-feeding (PF; 18% food restriction), or to repeated restraint (RR), a mild stressor. WR and RR diminished food intake; body weight gain decreased in the 3 experimental groups, but WAT mass and serum leptin more intensely in the WR group. WR, but not RR, produced a delayed inhibition of central markers of HPT axis activity. At day 14, in WR rats paraventricular nucleus-pro-TRH mRNA and serum TSH levels decreased, anterior pituitary TRH-receptor 1 mRNA levels increased, but serum thyroid hormone levels were unaltered, which is consistent with decreased secretion of TRH and clearance of thyroid hormones. A similar pattern was observed if WR animals were euthanized during their activity phase. In contrast, in PF animals the profound drop of HPT axis activity included decreased serum T3 levels and hepatic deiodinase 1 activity; these changes were correlated with an intense increase in serum corticosterone levels. WR effects on HPT axis were not associated with changes in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, but correlated positively with serum leptin levels. These data demonstrate that voluntary WR adapts the status of the HPT axis, through pathways that are distinct from those observed during food restriction or repeated stress.

Parallel and divergent adaptations of rat soleus and plantaris to chronic exercise and hypergravity

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. R442-R448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Fuller ◽  
Kenneth M. Baldwin ◽  
Charles A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Primary Stimulus ◽  
Adequate Stimulus ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Running Wheels ◽  
Muscle Myosin

It has been demonstrated that endurance exercise and chronic acceleration, i.e., hypergravity, produce comparable adaptations in a variety of physiological systems, including decreased adiposity, increased energy metabolism, and altered intermediary metabolism. Similar adaptations have not been demonstrated for skeletal muscle per se. To further differentiate between these general responses with respect to gravity and exercise, this study tested the hypothesis that chronic exercise (voluntary wheel running) and chronic acceleration (2 G via centrifugation) will induce similar changes in muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression in rat plantaris, a fast extensor, and in rat soleus, a slow “antigravity” extensor. The experimental design involved four groups of mature male rats ( n = 8/group): 1 G and 2 G with running wheels, and 1 G and 2 G controls without running wheels. The primary observations from the study were as follows: 1) 8 wk of 2 G are an adequate stimulus for MHC compositional changes in rat plantaris and soleus muscle; 2) both exercise and +G caused an increase in the slow MHC1 isoform in soleus muscle, suggesting that loading is a primary stimulus for this shift; and 3) 2 G and exercise appeared to have differential effects on the plantaris muscle MHC isoforms, with 2 G causing an increase in MHC2b, and exercise causing a decrease in MHC2b with a concomitant increase in MHC1, suggesting that factors other than enhanced loading, possibly locomotor activity levels, are the primary stimulus for this shift.

scholarly journals The Chronic Effects of Salinity in the Biology of ?? Rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Brachionus Calyciflorus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
First Clutch

The present study included the effect of chronic exposure for two concentrations of NaC? salt on the biology of fresh water zooplankton species Brachionus calyciflorus (from ^otifera). The concentrations 0.5 , 0.75%o were used for chronic exposure to investigate its effects on the life tables, range of the rate of expectation for further life and reproduction. The rotifer B. calyciflorus was sensitive to salinity and may tried to protect the species by increasing the size (2.22 ind./clutch lor control group and 2.9? for 0.5%o concentration) and number of clutches produced ?.1? clutch/female for control group and 2.9 ' ' ' for 0.75 %0 concentration) beside stimulation the animal to produce the first clutch of eggs earlier? ? small reduction in mean longevity of the animal was noticed (8.1 day for control grou^ and7. ? day for 0.75 %0 concentration) while there was no effect on its average length and daily increasing during its life span

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY OF HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF UNRIPE FRUIT OF CARICA PAPAYA LINN USING ANIMAL MODEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmam Praveena ◽  
Jayapalan Prasannakumari Jethinlalkhosh ◽  
Victor Arokia Doss
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Antineoplastic Effect ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Objective: This study was undertaken to screen the effect of administration of various doses of hydroethanolic extract of unripe fruit of Carica papaya L. (HEECP) against Dalton’s ascitic lymphoma (DAL) in Swiss albino mice.Methods: DAL cells were injected intraperitoneally (1×106 cells) to each mouse and divided into various groups. The animals were treated with various doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of HEECP. A standard drug (5-fluorouracil, 20 mg/kg/day) was also used. The animals were evaluated for hematological and biochemical parameters and were compared with the same parameters in the standard by collecting blood from a retro-orbital blood vessel of mice. Results: The life spans of the animals were increased. In the DAL tumor control group, the average life span of animals was found to be 45% whereas, 200 and 400 mg/kg of test drug showed increase in life span to 67% and 75%, respectively. Platelets count was significantly (p<0.001) decreased in cancer control group and was brought back to normal after treatment. Conclusion: These observations suggest that the extract possesses antineoplastic effect against DAL.

scholarly journals The “Mix-Factor” is involved in the regulation of the organism's redox systems in the late stages of ontogenesis and affects the lifespan of animals

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Anatoly Bozhkov ◽  
Ievgeniy Ivanov ◽  
Elena Klimova ◽  
Natalia Kurguzova ◽  
Аndrii Bozhkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Key Words Aging ◽  
Late Stages

Abstract: the content of lipid hydroperoxides in the serum and liver mitochondria in animals in the late stages of ontogenesis (12 and 33 months old, Wistar male rats) was investigated. The possible effect of the food additive (“mix factor”) on these parameters in 33 months old animals, if they received this supplement from 22 months age daily throughout life in a dose of 0.05 - 0.06 ml / 100 g of body weight was determined. Moreover, the lifespan of animals was determined if they started taking a mix – factor from 22 months and from 30.5 months age. The influence of the mix – factor on the ability of old animals to perform work was determined in a separate series of experiments. It was shown that from 22 to 33 months the content of lipid hydroperoxides in mitochondria and serum increased by 23% and 41%, respectively. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in the serum, mitochondria and erythrocytes decreased, and the activity of glutathione reductase decreased only in the post-mitochondrial fraction of the liver. At the same time, malate– isocitrate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphate dehydrogenase remained unchanged in 33 months old animals compared with 12 months old animals. If animals from 22 months age received a mix factor with drinking water in a dose of 0.05-0.06 mg / 100 g of body weight every day until the end of life, the content of lipid hydroperoxides and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase of 33 months old animals did not differ from 12 months old animals. The survival curve in animals receiving the mix factor was shifted to the right from 25 to 28 months of age compared with the survival curve of control animals. If animals began to receive the mix – factor at a very old age (from 30.5 months age) until the end of life, their lifespan was longer than that of the control animals. The last ones lived to 41 months, while the animals of the control group lived to 36 months. At the same time, the mix – factor increased the ability of old animals to do work in the test “running in treadmill”. Key words: aging, redox-system, geroprotectors, lifespan

Life-Span Study of SPF Fischer 344 Male Rats Fed Ad Libitum or Restricted Diets: Longevity, Growth, Lean Body Mass and Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Pal Yu ◽  
Edward J. Masoro ◽  
Ikuo Murata ◽  
Helen A. Bertrand ◽  
Frederick T. Lynd
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Life Span Study ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum

A life-span study was carried out on longevity, pathologic lesions, growth, lean body mass, and selected aspects of muscle of barrier-maintained SPF Fischer 344 rats fed either ad libitum (Group A) or 60% of the ad libitum intake (Group R). Food restriction was as effective in prolonging the life of already long-lived SPF rats as previously shown for rats maintained in conventional facilities. Food restriction not only increased the mean length of life but also acted to extend life-span since more than 60% of the Group R rats lived longer than the longest lived Group A rat. Renal lesions occurred at an earlier age in Group A rats than in Group R rats and progressed more rapidly. Death of most Group A rats was associated with severe renal lesions while few Group R rats showed such lesions at death. Food restriction was also found to delay or prevent interstitial cell tumors of the testes, bile duct hyperplasia, myocardial fibrosis and myocardial degeneration. Gastrocnemius muscle mass declined in advanced age and food restriction delayed this decline. Interestingly, however, lean body mass did not progressively decline with increasing age but rather decline occurred only after the onset of the terminal disease process. Copyright (c) The Gerontological Society of America. Reproduced by permission of the publisher. Byung Pal Yu, Edward J. Masoro, Ikuo Murata, Helen A. Bertrand, Frederick T. Lynd, Life Span Study of SPF Fischer 344 Male Rats Fed Ad Libitum or Restricted Diets: Longevity, Growth, Lean Body Mass and Disease. J. Gerontol. 37 , 130-141 (1982).

Diet-induced hyperphagia in the rat is influenced by sex and exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. R1080-R1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Eckel ◽  
Shelley R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Daily Caloric Intake ◽  
Running Wheels

Caloric intake is increased in rats fed a diet containing greater fat or sugar than that found in laboratory chow. Because such diet-induced hyperphagia has been studied primarily in sedentary male rats, our goal here was to investigate the effects of sex and exercise on caloric intake of a diet (chow supplemented with sweet milk) chosen for its ability to stimulate hyperphagia. Rats were housed individually in cages that provided access to running wheels, and daily caloric intake of chow alone and then chow plus sweet milk was monitored during sedentary and active conditions. In sedentary rats, chow intake was greater in males compared with females. Wheel running produced similar decreases in chow intake in both sexes. Availability of the chow plus milk diet increased caloric intake compared with that observed in chow-fed rats. This diet-induced hyperphagia was significantly greater in sedentary females (35.7 ± 3.1% increase) relative to sedentary males (9.1 ± 2.2% increase). In addition, 35% of sedentary females consuming the chow plus milk diet developed estrous cycle disruptions. Wheel running decreased intake of the chow plus milk diet in both sexes. In active males, diet-induced hyperphagia was abolished; caloric intake was reduced to that observed during chow feeding. In active female rats, diet-induced hyperphagia was attenuated but not abolished; caloric intake of the chow plus milk diet remained greater than that observed during chow feeding. We conclude that female rats are more vulnerable than male rats to this form of diet-induced hyperphagia.

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Senescence

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Basic Parameters

Average life-span and maximum life-span are the two basic parameters by which the processes of ageing and senescence of individuals of a species are characterized. Although each individual of a species if affected by both parameters can only be studied in populations of individuals. The survival curve of a cohort of individuals reflects the different influences of constitutional and environmental factors on life expectancy. The intrinsic molecular and cellular mechanisms by which the physiological process of ageing and senescence is controlled and regulated are far from being understood although a large number of hypotheses have emerged over the decades. Stochastic and deterministic models of the ageing process have been developed but a theory unifying the large body of experimental, epidemiological and clinical findings is still lacking. In this contribution a brief review is presented on the different hypotheses aiming at explaining the physiology and pathophysiology of ageing and senescence.

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