The effects of nightly normobaric hypoxia and high intensity training under intermittent normobaric hypoxia on running economy and hemoglobin mass

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 828-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mituso Neya ◽  
Taisuke Enoki ◽  
Yasuko Kumai ◽  
Takayuki Sugoh ◽  
Takashi Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Hemoglobin Mass

We investigated the effects of nightly intermittent exposure to hypoxia and of training during intermittent hypoxia on both erythropoiesis and running economy (RE), which is indicated by the oxygen cost during running at submaximal speeds. Twenty-five college long- and middle- distance runners [maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) 60.3 ± 4.7 ml·kg−1·min−1] were randomly assigned to one of three groups: hypoxic residential group (HypR, 11 h/night at 3,000 m simulated altitude), hypoxic training group (HypT), or control group (Con), for an intervention of 29 nights. All subjects trained in Tokyo (altitude of 60 m) but HypT had additional high-intensity treadmill running for 30 min at 3,000 m simulated altitude on 12 days during the night intervention. V̇o2 was measured at standing rest during four submaximal speeds (12, 14, 16, and 18 km/h) and during a maximal stage to volitional exhaustion on a treadmill. Total hemoglobin mass (THb) was measured by carbon monoxide rebreathing. There were no significant changes in V̇o2max, THb, and the time to exhaustion in all three groups after the intervention. Nevertheless, HypR showed ∼5% improvement of RE in normoxia ( P < 0.01) after the intervention, reflected by reduced V̇o2 at 18 km/h and the decreased regression slope fitted to V̇o2 measured during rest position and the four submaximal speeds ( P < 0.05), whereas no significant corresponding changes were found in HypT and Con. We concluded that our dose of intermittent hypoxia (3,000 m for ∼11 h/night for 29 nights) was insufficient to enhance erythropoiesis or V̇o2max, but improved the RE at race speed of college runners.

Consumption of açai (Euterpe oleraceaMart.) functional beverage reduces muscle stress and improves effort tolerance in elite athletes: a randomized controlled intervention study

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Carvalho-Peixoto ◽  
Mirian Ribeiro Leite Moura ◽  
Felipe Amorim Cunha ◽  
Pablo Christiano B. Lollo ◽  
Walace David Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Ergogenic Aid ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Responses

The study analyzed the effect of an açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) functional beverage (AB) on muscle and oxidative stress markers, cardiorespiratory responses, perceived exertion, and time-to-exhaustion during maximal treadmill running. The beverage was developed as an ergogenic aid for athletes and contained 27.6 mg of anthocyanins per dose. Fourteen athletes performed 3 exercise tests: a ramp-incremental maximal exercise test and 2 maximal exercise bouts performed in 2 conditions (AB and without AB (control)) at 90% maximal oxygen uptake.Blood was collected at baseline and after maximal exercise in both conditions to determine biomarkers. AB increased time to exhaustion during short-term high-intensity exercise (mean difference: 69 s, 95% confidence interval = –296 s to 159 s, t = 2.2, p = 0.045), attenuating the metabolic stress induced by exercise (p < 0.05). AB also reduced perceived exertion and enhanced cardiorespiratory responses (p < 0.05). The AB may be a useful and practical ergogenic aid to enhance performance during high-intensity training.

scholarly journals The relationship between the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 protein flowing endurance training in streptozotocin rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ghafari ◽  
Ebrahim Banitalebi ◽  
Mohamad Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intensity Training

Background and aims: Intermuscular lipolysis disorder plays an important role in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus and perilipin PLIN5 and PLIN3 are the key proteins in regulating muscle cellular lipolysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 protein following endurance training in streptozotocin (STZ) rats. Methods: A number of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into low endurance training group (n = 8), high-intensity training group (n = 8), and control group (n = 8). Diabetes was induced in every rat by STZ injection. Three days after injection, the blood samples were taken from the cut tip of the tails of the mice and animals with blood glucose greater than 300 mg/dL were considered diabetic. The training program included eight weeks of aerobic training at different intensities. Training in high- and low-intensity groups included 22-25 and 5-8 m/min of training. Finally, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation was used to determine the significance of the differences between variables, followed by utilizing Tukey’s post-hoc test for significance. Results: The comparison between the groups by ANOVA showed significant differences in PLIN3 (P=0.0006) and PLIN5 (P=0.012). The results of Tukey post hoc test also demonstrated a statistical difference between the mean values of diabetic control group and high-intensity endurance group regarding PLIN3 (P=0.01) and PLIN5 (P=0.009), but no significant increase was observed in the lowintensity exercise group as compared to the control group (PLIN3, P=0.067 & PLIN5, P=0.44). As regards insulin resistance, there was a significant difference among the three groups (P=0.0001). Eventually, the result of the correlation between PLIN3 and PLIN5 showed similar enhancement by increasing the intensity (P=0.0026). Conclusion: According to research results, high-intensity endurance training increased the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 in diabetic specimens and PLIN3 and PLIN5 followed a similar increase pattern in high-intensity training

scholarly journals PO-191 The effect of hypoxic training at different simulated altitude on the antioxidant activity mediated by Nrf2 in mice skeletal muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixiu Ji ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hypoxic Training ◽  
Nrf2 Protein

Objective It is generally believed that the long-term hypoxic training could impact oxidation resistance. Nrf2-Keapl signaling pathway is a key pathway of cell oxidative stress reaction. This research attempts to investigate the role and mechanism of Nrf2 in oxidation resistance to hypoxic training of different oxygen concentration. Methods Part one, 8-week-old Nrf2 knockout mice and wild type mice were divided into normoxic control group (NC), simulated altitude of 3500m hypoxic training group (3500HT) and simulated altitude of 5000m hypoxic training group (5000HT) randomly and respectively. The mice run on treadmill in speed of 12 m/min, 1h/day, 6day/week, for 4 weeks. Oxygen concentration in hypoxia was 13.3% and 10%. Mice were treated for 4 weeks, 8h/day. 48 h after the last training, the mice were sacrificed and skeletal muscles of legs were collected. Western Blot tested Nrf2 and antioxidant enzyme protein. Antioxidant enzymes mRNA were tested by RT-PCR. High quality fluorescence measurement was used to test ROS levels in skeletal muscle. Part two, The 30 C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: control group (WC), hypoxia group (WH), hypoxic training group (WHT). The hypoxic training arrangement was same as before. After both the interventions, the mice were sacrificed and collected skeletal muscle of legs. The expression of Nrf2, Keap1 and p-Nrf2 were analyzed by western blot. High quality fluorescence assay was done to detect ROS level in skeletal muscle of mice. Results (1) Compared with the same type mice NC group, Nrf2 protein, the mRNA and protein of CAT, GPX-1, GCLm, the mRNA of SOD1, SOD2, HO-1 were increased in wild type mice 3500HT group. And the Nrf2 protein, the mRNA and protein of SOD1, SOD2, the mRNA of CAT, NQO-1, GCLc, GCLm mRNA, the protein of HO-1 were decreased, and the ROS levels was higher in wile type mice 5000HT group. The mRNA of CAT, HO-1 in Nrf2-KO mice 3500HT group were increased, the mRNA and protein of SOD1, the mRNA of SOD2, the protein of GCLc were decreased, but the GCLc mRNA was increased in Nrf2-KO mice 5000HT group. When compared with the same intervention wild type mice, the mRNA and protein of SOD1, GPX-1, SOD2, HO-1, the mRNA of CAT, NQO-1, GCLc, GCLm were decreased in Nrf2-KO mice 3500HT group. The mRNA of GCLm, NQO-1, the protein of GCLc, HO-1 were decreased, but the GCLc mRNA was increased. (2) Nrf2/Keap1 complex contents in mice skeletal muscle of WH and WHT groups were significantly increased compared with WC group respectively. The free Nrf2 in mice skeletal muscle of WH、WHT groups were significantly reduced compared with WC group respectively. After both types of intervention, free Keap1 had no change nearly in skeletal muscle of mice. Compared with WC group, p-Nrf2 in mice skeletal muscle of WH and WHT groups were significantly reduced. The ROS level in mice skeletal muscle of WHT group significantly increased compared with WC group mice. Conclusions: Hypoxia and hypoxia training three interventions could increase Nrf2/Keap1 combination in skeletal muscle of mice, reduce the volume of free Nrf2; Phosphorylation of Nrf2 in skeletal muscle of mice in hypoxia training group was significantly lower, which may be result in marked increase in ROS level. Conclusions (1) Hypoxic training could affect antioxidant activity via Nrf2 in mice skeletal muscle, which is connected with the oxygen concentration. (2) Moderate hypoxia training (at the altitude of 3500m) can promote the antioxidant activity via Nrf2. However, extremely hypoxic training (at the altitude of 5000m) can restrain the antioxidant activity via Nrf2 through the inhibition of Nrf2/Keap1 dissociation.  

scholarly journals Acute administration of high doses of taurine does not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and the effect on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit is unclear

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Milioni ◽  
Elvis de Souza Malta ◽  
Leandro George Spinola do Amaral Rocha ◽  
Camila Angélica Asahi Mesquita ◽  
Ellen Cristini de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of taurine overload on time to exhaustion (TTE) of high-intensity running performance and alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT). The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Seventeen healthy male volunteers (age: 25 ± 6 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 50.5 ± 7.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed an incremental treadmill-running test until voluntary exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake and exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake. Subsequently, participants completed randomly 2 bouts of supramaximal treadmill-running at 110% exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (placebo (6 g dextrose) or taurine (6 g) supplementation), separated by 1 week. MAODALT was determined using a single supramaximal effort by summating the contribution of the phosphagen and glycolytic pathways. When comparing the results of the supramaximal trials (i.e., placebo and taurine conditions) no differences were observed for high-intensity running TTE (237.70 ± 66.00 and 277.30 ± 40.64 s; p = 0.44) and MAODALT (55.77 ± 8.22 and 55.06 ± 7.89 mL·kg−1; p = 0.61), which seem to indicate trivial and unclear differences using the magnitude-based inferences approach, respectively. In conclusion, acute 6 g taurine supplementation before exercise did not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and showed an unclear effect on MAODALT.

Response Variability and Detraining Effects of Standardized Exercise Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín–Guillaumes J ◽  
◽  
Montull L ◽  
Ventura JL ◽  
Javierre C ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Response Variability ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Individual Response

Purpose: To compare inter–individual response variability and detraining effects on markers attributed to aerobic and anaerobic performance after shortterm standardized aerobic, strength and mixed training programs. Methods: Thirty–six male students were randomly assigned to either an aerobic, strength, mixed, or control program (9 per group). They performed two consecutive cycling tests (incremental and plateau) to exhaustion at three points: 1 week before training, after 6 weeks of training, and 3 weeks after the training was finished. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), maximal workload (Wmax), and time to exhaustion performed at Wmax (W × time) were compared between groups by repeated–measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post–hoc tests. The inter–subject response variability within each training group was evaluated by comparison with the 95% confidence interval of the control group. Detraining effects were evaluated using the hysteresis areas, which were compared between each training group and the control group by Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Differences were observed in Wmax for the aerobic (F(2,7)=19.562; p=0.001; n²=0.85) and mixed (F(2,7)=13.447; p=0.004; n²=0.99) programs, and in W × time for the mixed program (F(2,7)=15.432; p= 0.016; n²=0.89). There was high inter–subject response variability for all variables and training programs, except for a homogenous positive response to Wmax in the mixed program (X²=6.27; p=0.04). Detraining effects of Wmax were also better maintained after the mixed program. Conclusion: A mixed program of aerobic and strength training demonstrated higher improvements in the studied markers of performance, with lower interindividual response variability, and longer detraining effects compared with aerobic or strength programs.

The Effects of Nightly Normobaric Hypoxia on Running Economy and Hemoglobin Mass

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S524
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Neya ◽  
Taketeru Maegawa ◽  
Yasuko Kumai ◽  
Taisuke Enoki ◽  
Takashi Kawahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Hemoglobin Mass

scholarly journals Moderate Intensity Treadmill Running Relieves Motion-Induced Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Mice by up-Regulating the Expression of lncRNA H19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuchang Zhou ◽  
Hong Cao ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Jun Zou ◽  
wei wu
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to explore whether moderate-intensity exercise can alleviate motion-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) and the expression change of lncRNA H19 during this progression.Methods Twenty-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: model control group (CM group, n = 6), treadmill model group (M group, n = 6), rehabilitation control group (CK group, n = 6), treadmill model + rehabilitation training group (K group, n = 6) and treadmill model + rest group (J group, n = 6). Paraffin sections were used to observe the pathological changes in the mouse knee joint in each group. A micro-CT was used to scan the knee joint to obtain the morphological indexes of tibial plateau bone. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, synthetic and catabolic factors in cartilage. Results After high-intensity exercise for four weeks, the inflammation and catabolism of the mouse knee cartilage were enhanced, and the anabolism was weakened. Further study showed that these results were partially reversed after four-week moderate-intensity training. The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining confirmed this finding. Meanwhile, high-intensity exercise reduced the expression of lncRNA H19 in cartilage, while the expression of lncRNA H19 increased after four weeks of moderate-intensity exercise.Conclusion High-intensity treadmill running can cause injury to the knee cartilage in C57BL/6 mice which leads to PTOA and an decrease of lncRNA H19 expression in cartilage. Moderate-intensity exercise can relieve PTOA and partially reverse lncRNA H19 expression.

scholarly journals The Effects of Moderate and High-Intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation of Bodybuilders with Arterial Hypertension: a Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
A.B. Miroshnikov ◽  
A.D. Formenov ◽  
A.B. Smolensky
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Athletes of power sports, often appear to us as a model of a beautiful and healthy body, but the health of the cardiovascular system ofthese athletes has long falls under the gaze of cardiologists and sport physicians. Purpose of the study. A comparative analysis of the influence of a uniform and high-intensity aerobic exercise on blood pressure lowering power sports athletes with hypertension. Research Methods. The study involved 83 representatives of power sports (bodybuilding) with arterial hypertension. The average age of male athletes was 31.2 ± 4.5 years, and the body mass index was 32.4 ± 2.8 kg/m 2. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: examination, interrogation, triple measurement of blood pressure, ergospirometry and methods of mathematical statistics. Athletes were randomized into three groups: interval training group (n = 33), uniform training (n = 30) and control group (n = 20). For 120 days (3 times a week), the athletes of the main groups performed various aerobic work programs, and the control group athletes trained according to their traditional strength protocol. Results. After 120 days of physical rehabilitation, a similar, significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurred in themain intervention groups. A decrease in blood pressure in the control group was not statistically significant. Conclusions. Despite the similar benefits in cardio-rehabilitation interval work required 38% less time, which can significantly affect adherence to a non-specific for this sport activity and screening of participant’s lengthy rehabilitation.

Skeletal muscle cytochrome c and myoglobin, endurance, and frequency of training

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Training Frequency ◽  
Muscle Types ◽  
Fast Twitch

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of various training frequencies on performance capacity, the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c, and myoglobin, which is responsible for storage and transport of O2, in the three types of skeletal muscle. Female rats were trained by treadmill running up to 120 min/day, either 2, 4, or 6 days/wk for 14 wk. As a result of training, exercise time to exhaustion was increased in proportion to the number of training sessions per week. Cytochrome c concentration increased (range 20–90%) as a linear function of the number of exercises per week in the fast-twitch red vastus lateralis (FTR), the slow-twitch soleus (STR), and the mixed plantaris muscles. However, the concentration of cytochrome c in fast-twitch white vastus lateralis (FTW) muscles increased to approximately the same extent (40–50%) in all training groups. The increases in myoglobin concentration (13–45%) with training were significantly related to frequency in FTR muscle but not in STR muscle. Myoglobin levels in FTW muscle remained unchanged, regardless of training group. These results provide evidence that the capacity to perform endurance exercise and the mitochondrial content of the red skeletal muscle types are directly affected by training frequency.

scholarly journals DL-3-n-butylphthalide improved physical and learning and memory performance of rodents exposed to acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Xu ◽  
Yi-Kun Shi ◽  
Bin-Da Sun ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Guo-Ji E. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Atp Levels

Abstract Background Studies have revealed the protective effect of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) against diseases associated with ischemic hypoxia. However, the role of NBP in animals with hypobaric hypoxia has not been elucidated. This study investigated the effects of NBP on rodents with acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Methods Sprague-Dwaley rats and Kunming mice administered with NBP (0, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg for rats and 0, 90, 180, and 360 mg/kg for mice) were placed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber at 10,000 m and the survival percentages at 30 min were determined. Then, the time and distance to exhaustion of drug-treated rodents were evaluated during treadmill running and motor-driven wheel-track treadmill experiments, conducted at 5800 m for 3 days or 20 days, to evaluate changes in physical functions. The frequency of active escapes and duration of active escapes were also determined for rats in a shuttle-box experiment, conducted at 5800 m for 6 days or 27 days, to evaluate changes in learning and memory function. ATP levels were measured in the gastrocnemius muscle and malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and lactate were detected in sera of rats, and routine blood tests were also performed. Results Survival analysis at 10,000 m indicated NBP could improve hypoxia tolerance ability. The time and distance to exhaustion for mice (NBP, 90 mg/kg) and time to exhaustion for rats (NBP, 120 and 240 mg/kg) significantly increased under conditions of acute hypoxia compared with control group. NBP treatment also significantly increased the time to exhaustion for rats when exposed to chronic hypoxia. Moreover, 240 mg/kg NBP significantly increased the frequency of active escapes under conditions of acute hypoxia. Furthermore, the levels of MDA and H2O2 decreased but those of SOD and GSH-Px in the sera of rats increased under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia. Additionally, ATP levels in the gastrocnemius muscle significantly increased, while lactate levels in sera significantly decreased. Conclusion NBP improved physical and learning and memory functions in rodents exposed to acute or chronic hypobaric hypoxia by increasing their anti-oxidative capacity and energy supply.

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