scholarly journals A New Movement Recognition Technique for Flight Mode Detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Tawk ◽  
Aleksandar Jovanovic ◽  
Phillip Tomé ◽  
Jérôme Leclère ◽  
Cyril Botteron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Flight Mode ◽  
Movement Recognition ◽  
High Degree

Nowadays, in the aeronautical environments, the use of mobile communication and other wireless technologies is restricted. More specifically, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) prohibit the use of cellular phones and other wireless devices on airborne aircraft because of potential interference with wireless networks on the ground, and with the aircraft's navigation and communication systems. Within this context, we propose in this paper a movement recognition algorithm that will switch off a module including a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) device or any other mobile cellular technology as soon as it senses movement and thereby will prevent any forbidden transmissions that could occur in a moving airplane. The algorithm is based solely on measurements of a low-cost accelerometer and is easy to implement with a high degree of reliability.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of V2V and V2I LiFi Communication Systems in Traffic Lights

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Hernandez-Oregon ◽  
Mario E. Rivero-Angeles ◽  
Juan C. Chimal-Eguía ◽  
Arturo Campos-Fentanes ◽  
Jorge G. Jimenez-Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Traffic Lights

Vehicular networks is a key technology for efficiently communicating both user’s devices and cars for timely information regarding safe driving conditions and entertaining applications like social media, video streaming, and gaming services, among others. In view of this, mobile communications making use of cellular resources may not be an efficient and cost-effective alternative. In this context, the implementation of light-fidelity (LiFi) in vehicular communications could be a low-cost, high-data-rate, and efficient-bandwidth usage solution. In this work, we propose a mathematical analysis to study the average throughput in a road intersection equipped with a traffic light that operates as a server, which is assumed to have LiFi communication links with the front lights of the vehicles waiting for the green light. We further assume that the front vehicle (the car next to the traffic light) is able to communicate to the car immediately behind it by using its own tail lights and the front lights of such vehicle, and so on and so forth. The behavior of the road junction is modeled by a Markov chain, applying the Queueing theory with an M/M/1 system in order to obtain the average queue length. Then, Little’s theorem is applied to calculate the average waiting delay when the red light is present in the traffic light. Finally, the mathematical expression of the data throughput is derived.

scholarly journals Dual-/Tri-Wideband Bandpass Filter with High Selectivity and Adjustable Passband for 5G Mid-Band Mobile Communications

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanyong Hou ◽  
Chengguo Liu ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Rongguo Song ◽  
Zhipeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
5G Mobile Communications

The design and implementation of the filters for the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems are challengeable due to the demands of high integration, low-cost, and high-speed data transmission. In this paper, a dual-wideband bandpass filter (BPF) and a tri-wideband BPF for 5G mobile communications are proposed. The dual-wideband BPF consists of two folded open-loop stepped-impedance resonators (FOLSIRs), and the tri-wideband BPF is designed by placing a pair of folded uniform impedance resonator inside the dual-wideband BPF with little increase in the physical size of the filter. By employing a novel structural deformation of a stepped-impedance resonator, the FOLSIR is achieved with a more compact structure, a controllable transmission zero, and an adjustable resonant frequency. The measurement results show that the working bands of the two filters are 1.98–2.28/3.27–3.66 GHz and 2.035–2.305/3.31–3.71/4.54–5.18 GHz, respectively, which are consistent with the full-wave EM simulation results. The implemented filters have a compact size and the results show low loss, good out-of-band rejection, and wide passbands covering sub-6 GHz bands of 5G mobile communications and a commonly used spectrum.

scholarly journals Compact Multilayer Yagi-Uda Based Antenna for IoT/5G Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélia Ramos ◽  
Tiago Varum ◽  
João Matos
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Generation

To increase the capacity and performance of communication systems, the new generation of mobile communications (5G) will use frequency bands in the mmWave region, where new challenges arise. These challenges can be partially overcome by using higher gain antennas, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), or beamforming techniques. Yagi-Uda antennas combine high gain with low cost and reduced size, and might result in compact and efficient antennas to be used in Internet of Thins (IoT) sensors. The design of a compact multilayer Yagi for IoT sensors is presented, operating at 24 GHz, and a comparative analysis with a planar printed version is shown. The stacked prototype reveals an improvement of the antenna’s main properties, achieving 10.9 dBi, 2 dBi more than the planar structure. In addition, the multilayer antenna shows larger bandwidth than the planar; 6.9 GHz compared with 4.42 GHz. The analysis conducted acknowledges the huge potential of these stacked structures for IoT applications, as an alternative to planar implementations.

scholarly journals Physical-Layer Security Improvement with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Wireless Communication Systems

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Janghyuk Youn ◽  
Woong Son ◽  
Bang Chul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Pilot Signal ◽  
Time Division

Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received much interest from both academia and industry due to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness in adjusting the phase and amplitude of wireless signals with low-cost passive reflecting elements. In particular, many RIS-aided techniques have been proposed to improve both data rate and energy efficiency for 6G wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel RIS-based channel randomization (RCR) technique for improving physical-layer security (PLS) for a time-division duplex (TDD) downlink cellular wire-tap network which consists of a single base station (BS) with multiple antennas, multiple legitimate pieces of user equipment (UE), multiple eavesdroppers (EVEs), and multiple RISs. We assume that only a line-of-sight (LOS) channel exists among the BS, the RISs, and the UE due to propagation characteristics of tera-hertz (THz) spectrum bands that may be used in 6G wireless communication systems. In the proposed technique, each RIS first pseudo-randomly generates multiple reflection matrices and utilizes them for both pilot signal duration (PSD) in uplink and data transmission duration (DTD) in downlink. Then, the BS estimates wireless channels of UE with reflection matrices of all RISs and selects the UE that has the best secrecy rate for each reflection matrix generated. It is shown herein that the proposed technique outperforms the conventional techniques in terms of achievable secrecy rates.

scholarly journals Highly Compact Through-Wire Microstrip to Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6885
Author(s):  
Marcos D. Fernandez ◽  
José A. Ballesteros ◽  
Angel Belenguer
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coaxial Line ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Central Layer ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Integrated Technology ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Degree

Empty substrate integrated coaxial line (ESICL) technology preserves the many advantages of the substrate integrated technology waveguides, such as low cost, low profile, or integration in a printed circuit board (PCB); in addition, ESICL is non-dispersive and has low radiation. To date, only two transitions have been proposed in the literature that connect the ESICL to classical planar lines such as grounded coplanar and microstrip. In both transitions, the feeding planar lines and the ESICL are built in the same substrate layer and they are based on transformed structures in the planar line, which must be in the central layer of the ESICL. These transitions also combine a lot of metallized and non-metallized parts, which increases the complexity of the manufacturing process. In this work, a new through-wire microstrip-to-ESICL transition is proposed. The feeding lines and the ESICL are implemented in different layers, so that the height of the ESICL can be independently chosen. In addition, it is a highly compact transition that does not require a transformer and can be freely rotated in its plane. This simplicity provides a high degree of versatility in the design phase, where there are only four variables that control the performance of the transition.

scholarly journals A 300-GHz low-cost high-gain fully metallic Fabry–Perot cavity antenna for 6G terahertz wireless communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basem Aqlan ◽  
Mohamed Himdi ◽  
Hamsakutty Vettikalladi ◽  
Laurent Le-Coq
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Selective Surface ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Operating Bandwidth ◽  
Polarization Level

AbstractA low-cost, compact, and high gain Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) antenna which operates at 300 GHz is presented. The antenna is fabricated using laser-cutting brass technology. The proposed antenna consists of seven metallic layers; a ground layer, an integrated stepped horn element (three-layers), a coupling layer, a cavity layer, and an aperture-frequency selective surface (FSS) layer. The proposed aperture-FSS function acts as a partially reflective surface, contributing to a directive beam radiation. For verification, the proposed sub-terahertz (THz) FPC antenna prototype was developed, fabricated, and measured. The proposed antenna has a measured reflection coefficient below − 10 dB from 282 to 304 GHz with a bandwidth of 22 GHz. The maximum measured gain observed is 17.7 dBi at 289 GHz, and the gain is higher than 14.4 dBi from 285 to 310 GHz. The measured radiation pattern shows a highly directive pattern with a cross-polarization level below − 25 dB over the whole band in all cut planes, which confirms with the simulation results. The proposed antenna has a compact size, low fabrication cost, high gain, and wide operating bandwidth. The total height of the antenna is 1.24 $${\lambda }_{0}$$ λ 0 ($${\lambda }_{0}$$ λ 0 at the design frequency, 300 GHz) , with a size of 2.6 mm × 2.6 mm. The proposed sub-THz waveguide-fed FPC antenna is suitable for 6G wireless communication systems.

scholarly journals New Compact Wearable Metamaterials Circular Patch Antennas for IoT, Medical and 5G Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Albert Sabban
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Antenna Feed ◽  
Circular Patch ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Feed Network ◽  
Line Design

The development of compact passive and active wearable circular patch metamaterials antennas for communication, Internet of Things (IoT) and biomedical systems is presented in this paper. Development of compact efficient low-cost wearable antennas are one of the most significant challenges in development of wearable communication, IoT and medical systems. Moreover, the advantage of an integrated compact low-cost feed network is attained by integrating the antenna feed network with the antennas on the same printed board. The efficiency of communication systems may be increased by using efficient passive and active antennas. The system dynamic range may be improved by connecting amplifiers to the printed antenna feed line. Design, design considerations, computed and measured results of wearable circular patch meta-materials antennas with high efficiency for 5G, IoT and biomedical applications are presented in this paper. The circular patch antennas electrical parameters on the human body were analyzed by using commercial full-wave software. The circular patch metamaterial wearable antennas are compact and flexible. The directivity and gain of the antennas with Circular Split-Ring Resonators (CSRR) is higher by 2.5dB to 3dB than the antennas without CSRR. The resonant frequency of the antennas without CSRR is higher by 6% to 9% than the antennas with CSRR. The computed and measured bandwidth of the stacked circular patch wearable antenna with CSRR for IoT and medical applications is around 12%, for S11 lover than −6dB. The gain of the circular patch wearable antenna with CSRR is around 8dBi.

scholarly journals Vocal plasticity in a reptile

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1855) ◽  
pp. 20170451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Brumm ◽  
Sue Anne Zollinger
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Vocal Plasticity ◽  
Lombard Effect ◽  
Gekko Gecko ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Signalling Systems

Sophisticated vocal communication systems of birds and mammals, including human speech, are characterized by a high degree of plasticity in which signals are individually adjusted in response to changes in the environment. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first evidence for vocal plasticity in a reptile. Like birds and mammals, tokay geckos ( Gekko gecko ) increased the duration of brief call notes in the presence of broadcast noise compared to quiet conditions, a behaviour that facilitates signal detection by receivers. By contrast, they did not adjust the amplitudes of their call syllables in noise (the Lombard effect), which is in line with the hypothesis that the Lombard effect has evolved independently in birds and mammals. However, the geckos used a different strategy to increase signal-to-noise ratios: instead of increasing the amplitude of a given call type when exposed to noise, the subjects produced more high-amplitude syllable types from their repertoire. Our findings demonstrate that reptile vocalizations are much more flexible than previously thought, including elaborate vocal plasticity that is also important for the complex signalling systems of birds and mammals. We suggest that signal detection constraints are one of the major forces driving the evolution of animal communication systems across different taxa.

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