scholarly journals Linking Sleep to Hypertension: Greater Risk for Blacks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pandey ◽  
N. Williams ◽  
M. Donat ◽  
M. Ceide ◽  
P. Brimah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Household Interview ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Evidence suggests that insufficient sleep duration is associated with an increased likelihood for hypertension. Both short (<6 hours) and long (>8 hour) sleep durations as well as hypertension are more prevalent among blacks than among whites. This study examined associations between sleep duration and hypertension, considering differential effects of race and ethnicity among black and white Americans.Methods. Data came from a cross-sectional household interview with 25,352 Americans (age range: 18–85 years).Results. Both white and black short sleepers had a greater likelihood of reporting hypertension than those who reported sleeping 6 to 8 hours. Unadjusted logistic regression analysis exploring the race/ethnicity interactions between insufficient sleep and hypertension indicated that black short (<6 hours) and long (>8 hours) sleepers were more likely to report hypertension than their white counterparts (OR = 1.34 and 1.37, resp.;P<0.01). Significant interactions of insufficient sleep with race/ethnicity were observed even after adjusting to effects of age, sex, income, education, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking, emotional distress, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke.Conclusion. Results suggest that the race/ethnicity interaction is a significant mediator in the relationship between insufficient sleep and likelihood of having a diagnosis of hypertension.

scholarly journals Association between self-reported sleep duration and dietary quality in European adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bel ◽  
Nathalie Michels ◽  
Tineke De Vriendt ◽  
Emma Patterson ◽  
Magdalena Cuenca-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence has grown supporting the role for short sleep duration as an independent risk factor for weight gain and obesity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between sleep duration and dietary quality in European adolescents. The sample consisted of 1522 adolescents (aged 12·5–17·5 years) participating in the European multi-centre cross-sectional ‘Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence’ study. Sleep duration was estimated by a self-reported questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed by two 24 h recalls. The Diet Quality Index for Adolescents with Meal index (DQI-AM) was used to calculate overall dietary quality, considering the components dietary equilibrium, dietary diversity, dietary quality and a meal index. An average sleep duration of ≥ 9 h was classified as optimal, between 8 and 9 h as borderline insufficient and < 8 h as insufficient. Sleep duration and the DQI-AM score were positively associated (β = 0·027, r 0·130, P< 0·001). Adolescents with insufficient (62·05 (sd 14·18)) and borderline insufficient sleep (64·25 (sd 12·87)) scored lower on the DQI-AM than adolescents with an optimal sleep duration (64·57 (sd 12·39)) (P< 0·001; P= 0·018). The present study demonstrated in European adolescents that short sleep duration was associated with a lower dietary quality. This supports the hypothesis that the health consequences of insufficient sleep may be mediated by the relationship of insufficient sleep to poor dietary quality.

Abstract P349: Accelerometer-measured Sleep Duration and Markers of Cardiometabolic Health: Findings From a Large Racially Ethnic Diverse Cohort of Older Adult Women

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsie M Full ◽  
Jacqueline Kerr ◽  
Dana Song ◽  
Atul Malhotra ◽  
Linda Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Cross-sectional and prospective studies have demonstrated that self-reported short sleep is a predictor of cardiometabolic conditions including obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and cardiovascular events. The relationship may be non-linear, with short and long sleep related to markers of cardiometabolic risk. Research on sleep duration and cardiometabolic health is limited by use of single item self-report sleep measures and homogeneous populations. The current study tested the hypothesis that accelerometer-measured sleep duration would be significantly associated with objective markers of cardiometabolic risk in older adult women. Methods: Cross-sectional data were analyzed in 2662 women (mean age: 79.05, 52.8% white, 29.8% black, 17.4% Hispanic), from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study, ancillary study to the Women’s Health Initiative. Women wore accelerometers on the hip for 24 hours over 7 days and completed a daily sleep log. To be included in the present analysis women must have validated night wear for at least 3 nights. Sleep data were scored according to a standard protocol using sleep logs and visual inspection of the accelerometer data. Body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood samples were obtained at home visits prior to accelerometer monitoring. Adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, linear regression models estimated the relationship between sleep duration and BMI (kg/m 2 ), HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose (mg/dL each), and C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/L). A quadratic term for sleep was included in the models to evaluate nonlinearity. Results: The mean nightly sleep duration in the sample was 489.6 mins per night (8.16 hours) with 14.8% of the sample sleeping less than 7 hours per night and 21% sleeping more than 9 hours per night. After adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, sleep duration was significantly related to BMI (regression coefficient [ B ] :- 0.034, p<.01), and the relationship appeared to be non-linear (quadratic, p=.02). The estimated quadratic function indicated a decreasing BMI as sleep duration increased up to 500 minutes/night, and then an increasing BMI as sleep duration continued to increase beyond 500 minutes/night. Additionally, sleep duration was significantly related to CRP ( B: - 0.005, p=.03), triglycerides ( B: 0.002, p=.03) and glucose ( B: - 0.125, p=.05), with both the CRP (quadratic, p =.02) and glucose (quadratic, p =.03) relationships appearing to be u-shaped and the triglyceride relationship linear. Sleep duration was not significantly related to HDL cholesterol. Conclusions: In older women, there is a significant relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors, independent of age and race/ethnicity. These cross-sectional relationships should be further explored in prospective studies to inform sleep guidelines for better cardiovascular health in older adult women.

Race/ethnicity, discrimination, and confidence in order institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuning Wu ◽  
Liqun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Group Position ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose and test a conceptual model that explains racially/ethnically differential confidence in order institutions through a mediating mechanism of perception of discrimination.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on a nationally representative sample of 1,001 respondents and path analysis to test the relationships between race/ethnicity, multiple mediating factors, and confidence in order institutions.FindingsBoth African and Latino Americans reported significantly lower levels of confidence compared to White Americans. People who have stronger senses of being discriminated against, regardless of their races, have reduced confidence. A range of other cognitive/evaluative variables have promoted or inhibited people’s confidence in order institutions.Research limitations/implicationsThis study relies on cross-sectional data which preclude definite inferences regarding causal relationships among the variables. Some measures are limited due to constraint of data.Practical implicationsTo lessen discrimination, both actual and perceived, officials from order institutions should act fairly and impartially, recognize citizen rights, and treat people with respect and dignity. In addition, comprehensive measures involving interventions throughout the entire criminal justice system to reduce racial inequalities should be in place.Social implicationsEqual protection and application of the law by order institutions are imperative, so are social policies that aim to close the structural gaps among all races and ethnicities.Originality/valueThis paper takes an innovative effort of incorporating the currently dominant group position perspective and the injustice perspective into an integrated account of the process by which race and ethnicity affect the perception of discrimination, which, in turn, links to confidence in order institutions.

scholarly journals Possible Selves Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 449-449
Author(s):  
Victoria Chen ◽  
Alysson Light
Keyword(s):  
Possible Selves ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Midlife Adults ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Possible selves are defined as “personalized representations of one’s self in future states” (Cross & Markus, 1991). Research has also found that thinking frequently about possible selves predicts lower well-being, whereas thinking clearly about possible selves is associated with higher well-being (McElwee & Haugh, 2010). However, possible selves differ across the lifespan (Hooker & Kaus, 1994; Cross & Markus, 1991) and life stages can impact exploration of possible identities (Arnett, 2000). Thus we hypothesize that the relationship between thought about possible selves and well-being differs across the lifespan. In a cross-sectional survey, 240 participants (age range: 18-92) reported on frequency and clarity of possible selves, as well as general self-clarity (Campbell et al., 1996). Results indicate curvilinear moderation by age of the link between possible self-clarity and well-being, with the association being stronger among midlife adults than among younger adults and older adults. Also, as clarity of feared possible selves increases, self-concept clarity decreases. Similarly, frequency of thinking about feared possible selves was negatively correlated with self-concept clarity. However, clarity and frequency of thought about hoped-for positive possible selves had no correlation with self-concept clarity.

THE ENDURING SIGNIFICANCE OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN MALE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION, 1973–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Lauritsen ◽  
Karen Heimer ◽  
Joseph B. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Male ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLatino and Black males are more likely to suffer serious violent victimization compared to White males, and it is likely that economic disadvantage and other individual level differences play a key role in these disparities. This study of self-reported data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (1973–2010) is the first effort to assess three important issues: 1) the extent to which the relationship between serious violent victimization and race and ethnicity can be accounted for by age, location of residence, poverty status, and employment; 2) whether these factors have similar influences among Black, White, and Latino males; and 3) whether the net risk for violence associated with race and ethnicity has diminished over time. Our results show that disparities between Black and White male violent victimization decrease approximately 70% once age, location of residence, poverty status, and employment are taken into account, and that differences between Latinos and White males are fully accounted for by these factors. Poverty status is the only factor that varies in the strength of its association with violence across groups. We also find little evidence to suggest that the association between race, ethnicity and victimization risk changed significantly from 1973 to 2010, once other factors are considered. Despite notable declines in violence over this time period, Black and White disparities in male victimization persist over the past four decades; however, the relationship between poverty status and violence has increased some for Black and White males.

scholarly journals STATUS GIZI KURANG BERESIKO TERHADAP USIA MENARCHE PADA SISWI KELAS VI DI SDN 007 RAMBAH KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Rahmi Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A Value ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age Of Menarche ◽  
Regression Tests ◽  
Menarche Age

Menarche is a sign of the proper functioning of a woman's reproductive organs when having her first menstruation and is common in the age range of 10-16 years. Menarche is influenced by several factors, one of which is nutritional status. According to Noviyanti research (2016) nutrition affects a girl's sexual maturity so that it affects the slowness of menarche. Similarly, research conducted by Munda (2016) that students with overweight nutritional status faster experienced menarche compared to students who have normal nutritional status and underweight. This study aims to find out the relationship of nutritional status to the age of menarche grade VII students in Pesantren Bahrul Ulum. This research method uses descriptive method with cross sectional research design. This research was conducted in SDN 007 Rambah. The sample of this study amounted to 45 respondents. Data collection uses simple correlation and linear regression tests. The results of this study stated that the average nutritional status of grade VII students is 21.60Kg /m2, and the nutritional status of students is at least 16.90 Kg / m2 and the highest nutritional status is 27.60 Kg / m2 with an average age of menarche 12.11 years. The conclusion of this study is that there is no relationship of nutritional status with menarche age in grade VII students in Pesantren Bahrul Ulum with a value of p= 0.036.

scholarly journals Review of "American Allegory: Lindy Hop and the Racial Imagination"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Wade
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
Black Culture ◽  
White Americans ◽  
White People ◽  
Social Dance ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lindy Hop ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

American Allegory uses lindy hop—a social dance invented in the 1920s by black youth in Harlem and now practiced mostly by white dancers—to gain insight into the relationship between black and white Americans and their cultural forms. It aims to contribute to theory about how superordinate groups manipulate culture to maintain power, while also accounting for cultural change and exchange. On page 204 Hancock begins to ask sophisticated theoretical questions but, by then, it is far too late to answer them. While Hancock’s central premise is one to which I am sympathetic—that the community of primarily white people who dance lindy hop today are participating in an appropriation of black culture—he’s never able to move past his premise to a useful contribution.

scholarly journals The relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients aged 20 or above: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Huang ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Yuhua Lei
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aim The incidence rate of diabetes is increasing year by year, seriously threatening human health. As a predictor of glycemic control, glycated hemoglobin is reported to be related to various complications and prognoses of diabetes. Besides, HDL-C dyslipidemia is a component of metabolic syndrome and may be related to various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The principal objective of this project was to investigate the relationship between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin in adult diabetic patients. Methods A total of 3171 adult diabetic patients aged 20 years and above were included in the present study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin were regarded as independent and dependent variables, respectively. EmpowerStats software and R (version 3.4.3) were used to examine the association between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin. Results HDL-C was inversely associated with glycohemoglobin after adjusting for other covariates (β = − 0.004, 95% CI:− 0.008 to − 0.000, p = 0.044). Race/ethnicity and age were considered the most prominent interactive factors that affect the relationship between HDL and glycosylated hemoglobin by the interaction analysis. A U-shaped association was detected between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin for people of other race/ethnicity or aged 60 and above, which had an inflection point of HDL-C at 60 mg/dL. In contrast, we observed an inverted U-shaped distribution between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin in people under 40 with point of inflection located at 60 mg/dL as well. Conclusions HDL-C in diabetic patients is inversely associated with glycosylated hemoglobin and may be relevant to glycemic control. However, a U-shaped relationship was also observed in a certain kind of people, which implied that, though HDL-C is considered as metabolism and anti-atherogenic property, for diabetics, it is not the higher, the better.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document