scholarly journals Risk Factors of Domestic Violence in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rasoulian ◽  
S. Habib ◽  
J. Bolhari ◽  
M. Hakim Shooshtari ◽  
M. Nojomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Related Factors

Objectives.In this study, we have evaluated the lifetime and past-year prevalence of exposure to physical violence among married women in the city of Tehran and urban and rural areas of Hashtgerd.Methods.The target population were noninstitutionalized female citizens, aged 15 years or older, who have at least one history of marriage and who resided in the capital city of Tehran or Hashtgerd County from the summer of 2008 to fall of 2010. We used a multistage sampling method. Tehran’s District Six, a central district in Tehran, was selected as a representative cluster of all municipal districts in Tehran. A total of fifty blocks were randomly selected from this district, from which 1,000 married women aged 15 years or older were interviewed using a cross-sectional design. Data was gathered face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. The lifetime prevalence, past-year prevalence, and related factors of domestic violence were measured. SPSS version 11.5 was used for the analyses.Results.Figures for lifetime prevalence and past-year prevalence were measured to be 38.7% and 6.6%, respectively. The independent effects of marital status and location and type of residency for women, along with education and smoking habits of their spouses, were statistically significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusion.Domestic violence is a public health concern in Iran. Based on our findings, we propose that empowering women through education, and improving their ability to find employment and income, along with increasing public awareness of human rights issues through education could lower the prevalence of domestic violence.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of Ross River virus in South East Queensland, Australia: identification of hot spots at the rural-urban interface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Murphy ◽  
Julie A. Clennon ◽  
Gonzalo Vazquez-Prokopec ◽  
Cassie C. Jansen ◽  
Francesca D. Frentiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Disease Patterns

Abstract Background: Ross River virus (RRV) is responsible for the most common vector-borne disease of humans reported in Australia. The virus circulates in enzootic cycles between multiple species of mosquitoes, wildlife reservoir hosts and humans. Public health concern about RRV is increasing due to rising incidence rates in Australian urban centres, along with increased circulation in Pacific Island countries. Australia experienced its largest recorded outbreak of 9,544 cases in 2015, with the majority reported from South East Queensland (SEQ). This study examined potential links between disease patterns and transmission pathways of RRV. Methods: The spatial and temporal distribution of notified RRV cases, and associated epidemiological features in SEQ, were analysed for the period 2001-2016. This included fine-scale analysis of disease patterns across the suburbs of the capital city of Brisbane, and those of 8 adjacent Local Government Areas, and host spot analyses to identify locations with significantly high incidence. Results: The mean annual incidence rate for the region was 41/100,000 with a consistent seasonal peak in cases between February and May. The highest RRV incidence was in adults aged from 30-64 years (mean incidence rate: 59/100,000), and females had higher incidence rates than males (mean incidence rates: 44/100,000 and 34/100,000, respectively). Spatial patterns of disease were heterogeneous between years, and there was a wide distribution of disease across both urban and rural areas of SEQ. Overall, the highest incidence rates were reported from predominantly rural suburbs to the north of Brisbane City, with significant hot spots located in peri-urban suburbs where residential, agricultural and conserved natural land use types intersect. Conclusions: Although RRV is endemic across all of SEQ, transmission is most concentrated in areas where urban and peri-urban environments intersect. The drivers of RRV transmission across rural-urban landscapes should be prioritised for further investigation, including identification of specific vectors and hosts that mediate human spillover.

Spousal abuse in married women with suicidal attempt in Shiraz, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s274-s275
Author(s):  
A. Sahraian ◽  
S. Bahreini ◽  
A. Mani
Keyword(s):  
Spouse Abuse ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Spousal Abuse ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Related Factors

IntroductionEpidemiological studies revealed that 21 to 34 percent of women around the world have been victim of physical assault by their spouse and spouse abuse have been more prevalent in developing countries.ObjectivesThe most common form of violence against women is spousal abuse which is a dangerous factor and leads to serious psychological damages while it is one of the most important causes of suicide in married women.AimsThe study of factors related to spousal abuse in the population where they attempt to suicide is important for recognizing it and preventing spousal abuse, consequently, preventing suicide.MethodsThe study was conducted cross-sectional on 360 married women who attempted suicide and referred to Shoshtari Hospital in Shiraz. Instruments for data collection comprised of about spousal abuse questionnaire and demographic cases questionnaire which were filled through interview.ResultsA total of 43.9% of domestic violence prevalence, 61.7% of economic violence, 45.3% of psychological violence, 38.1% of social violence, 38.1% physical violence, 35.9% of sexual violence was reported. There was a relation between spousal abuse and some factors such as: age difference between spouses, wife and husband's education, husband's substance abuse, husband's medical illness, wife's psychiatry disorder, spouses’ obligatory marriage, polygamy and husband's job.ConclusionsConsidering relatively high prevalence of spousal abuse in people who attempted suicide and the relation between some demographic factors with violence, besides regarding spousal abuse as one causes of suicide, the women's screening, particularly those who attempt suicide in regard to spousal abuse and its related factors seems necessary.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of Ross River virus in south east Queensland, Australia: identification of hot spots at the rural-urban interface

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Murphy ◽  
Julie A. Clennon ◽  
Gonzalo Vazquez-Prokopec ◽  
Cassie C. Jansen ◽  
Francesca D. Frentiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Disease Patterns

Abstract Background Ross River virus (RRV) is responsible for the most common vector-borne disease of humans reported in Australia. The virus circulates in enzootic cycles between multiple species of mosquitoes, wildlife reservoir hosts and humans. Public health concern about RRV is increasing due to rising incidence rates in Australian urban centres, along with increased circulation in Pacific Island countries. Australia experienced its largest recorded outbreak of 9544 cases in 2015, with the majority reported from south east Queensland (SEQ). This study examined potential links between disease patterns and transmission pathways of RRV. Methods The spatial and temporal distribution of notified RRV cases, and associated epidemiological features in SEQ, were analysed for the period 2001–2016. This included fine-scale analysis of disease patterns across the suburbs of the capital city of Brisbane, and those of 8 adjacent Local Government Areas, and host spot analyses to identify locations with significantly high incidence. Results The mean annual incidence rate for the region was 41/100,000 with a consistent seasonal peak in cases between February and May. The highest RRV incidence was in adults aged from 30 to 64 years (mean incidence rate: 59/100,000), and females had higher incidence rates than males (mean incidence rates: 44/100,000 and 34/100,000, respectively). Spatial patterns of disease were heterogeneous between years, and there was a wide distribution of disease across both urban and rural areas of SEQ. Overall, the highest incidence rates were reported from predominantly rural suburbs to the north of Brisbane City, with significant hot spots located in peri-urban suburbs where residential, agricultural and conserved natural land use types intersect. Conclusions Although RRV is endemic across all of SEQ, transmission is most concentrated in areas where urban and peri-urban environments intersect. The drivers of RRV transmission across rural-urban landscapes should be prioritised for further investigation, including identification of specific vectors and hosts that mediate human spillover.

scholarly journals Variation in body mass index and their determinants among married women in Uttar Pradesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sonam Maheshwari ◽  
Brijesh Singh ◽  
Omprakash Singh ◽  
Puneet Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Nutrition Research

<p>The body mass index of married women is a high quality sign of a country’s health status as well as economic condition. Nutrition    research in India has previously focused on the serious problem of under nutrition related to nutrient deficit and high rates of infection. BMI provide an indicator for supporting to wipe out many preventable diseases. Alteration in nutritional status plays an important role in the course of a person’s health. Hence, BMI can be used as an indicator for nutrition status, and association with some diseases can be expected. This study observes the emerging nutrition transition among 7559 married and currently non –pregnant women aged between 15-49 years and also the differential impact of some demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and health-related factors on the body mass index living in Uttar Pradesh, India. The third wave of National Family Health Survey (2005-06) data provides nationally representative data on women’s weight and height. Average BMI is 21.11 kg/m2, and a turn down tendency in BMI was found during the last about 20 years.  Body mass index increased with increasing age, education level of the woman, standard of living index. Lower BMI was especially pronounced among women who were living in rural areas, Hindus, employed women and women who are anemic.</p>

Domestic violence against women in west of Iran: the prevalence and related factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh ◽  
Namam-Ali Azadi ◽  
Shirin Ziaeei ◽  
Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of domestic violence against women and its related factors in Sanandaj, west of Iran. Design/methodology/approach This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2016. The sample consisted of 360 women who referred to two educational hospitals in Sanandaj. The data collection tool was a self-report questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of domestic violence against women. Findings The prevalence of “any form of violence” in the past year was 71 percent (n=245). The prevalence of emotional, sexual and physical violence was 62.2 percent (n=225), 48.7 percent (n=168) and 49.9 percent (n=172), respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions revealed that the “any form of violence” has significant association with occupation of women, economic status of family and the status of sexual satisfaction of couples. Originality/value The prevalence of domestic violence against women is high and alarming in Sanandaj, Iran. Given the relationship between experience of violence and sexual dissatisfaction, sexual education before and after marriage is recommended for couples. Also, the experience of exposure to violence in women can be included in health centers as screening programs. In this way, couples who have risk factors will receive the educational programs.

scholarly journals DETERMINAN PEMILIHAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI TRADISIONAL DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN DAN PERDESAAN PROVINSI BALI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Putu Ayu Indrayathi ◽  
Istiana Marfianti ◽  
Putu Dwiki Damadita ◽  
Ni Made Ari Listiani ◽  
Luh Kadek Ratih Swandewi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

ABSTRACT The result of 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (SDKI 2017) shows the number of traditional contraception uses in Bali Province has increased from 7% in 2012 to 13% in 2017. The use of traditional contraception methods in Bali is double that of national figures. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with the choice of traditional contraception methods in urban and rural areas of married women in Bali Province. This study is a secondary data analysis from the 2017 SDKI. The sample size is 357 women ages 15-49 years. There are 22 independent variables that are studied, and the dependent variable is the use of traditional contraception methods. The results of multivariate analysis showed that significantly related factors are uppermiddle category wealth quintile (p = 0.027, OR = 11.16, 95% CI = 1.31-94.54), top category wealth quintile (p = 0.049, OR = 9.04, 95% Ci = 1.01-80.77), obtained family planning information from the pharmacist (p = 0.034, OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.05-4.17), side effects of contraception (p = 0.002, OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.48-5.88), decision making to use contraception with partner (p = 0.029, OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.09-5 , 43), and decision-makers using family planning only husband/partner (p = 0.015, OR = 4.24, 95% CI = 1.32-13.56). The variables that become protective factor is the newspaper reading variables (p = 0.008, OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.23-0.79). The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is the use of traditional contraception methods in married women in Bali Province influenced by wealth quintiles, habits of reading the newspaper, obtaining contraception information from pharmacists, side effects of using contraception and those who make decisions about using contraception.  Keywords : Contraception method, Traditional contraception, Balinesse married women.   ABSTRAK Hasil Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017 menunjukkan angka penggunaan KB tradisional di Provinsi Bali mengalami peningkatan dari 7% pada 2012 menjadi 13% pada 2017. Penggunaan alat/cara KB tradisional di Bali dua kali lipat lebih banyak dibandingkan angka nasional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemilihan alat/cara KB tradisional di daerah perkotaan dan perdesaan pada wanita kawin di Provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder dari data SDKI 2017. Besar sampel adalah 357 wanita usia subur (WUS) dengan usia 15-49 tahun. Terdapat 22 variabel bebas yang diteliti, sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah penggunaan alat/cara KB tradisional. Hasil analisis multivariat menggunakan analisis regresi logistik menunjukan bahwa faktor -faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap pemilihan alat kontrasepsi tradisional adalah kuintil kekayaan kategori menengah atas (p=0,027, OR=11,16, 95% CI=1,31-94,54), kuintil kekayaan kategori teratas (p=0,049, OR=9,04, 95% Ci=1,01-80,77), mendapatkan informasi KB dari apoteker (p=0,034, OR=2,1, 95% CI=1,05-4,17), efek samping penggunaan kontrasepsi (p=0,002, OR=2,95, 95% CI=1,48-5,88), mengambil keputusan menggunakan KB bersama pasangan (p=0,029, OR=2,43, 95% CI=1,09-5,43)), dan pengambil keputusan menggunakan KB hanya suami/pasangan (p=0,015, OR=4,24, 95% CI=1,32-13,56). Variabel yang menjadi faktor protektif adalah variabel membaca koran (p=0,008, OR=0,42, 95% CI=0,23-0,79). Simpulan yang dapat ditarik dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan alat/cara KB tradisional pada wanita kawin di Provinsi Bali dipengaruhi oleh kuintil kekayaan, kebiasan membaca koran, mendapatkan informasi KB dari apoteker, efek samping penggunaan kontrasepsi dan pihak yang mengambil keputusan dalam menggunakan KB.  Kata kunci : Penggunaan alat/cara KB, KB tradisional, WUS di Bali.

scholarly journals Dental Caries and Associated Factors in 3–5-Year-Old Children in Guizhou Province, China: An Epidemiological Survey (2015–2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Guan ◽  
Ola A. Nada ◽  
Juan-juan Wu ◽  
Jiang-ling Sun ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors influencing dental caries among 3–5-year-old children in Guizhou Province and the interrelationship between these factors using structural equation modeling, while providing theoretical references to improve the prevention and control strategy.Materials and Methods: A total of 1,291 children aged 3–5 years in Guizhou Province were selected by a multistage stratified and whole group random sampling to examine the caries prevalence in whole-mouth deciduous teeth crowns, and parents were surveyed with questionnaires to analyze the caries-related factors. IBM SPSS Statistics v 23.0 software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis.Results: The caries prevalence of children aged 3–5 years in Guizhou Province was 63.1%, the mean decayed-missing-filled teeth was 3.32, the caries filling rate was 0.5%, and there was no statistically significant difference between urban and rural areas and among genders in each age group; results of logistic regression analysis showed that the caries risk increased with the following factors: age, brushing frequency &lt;2 times per day when parents did not take their children to the dentist, and with parents poor evaluation of the oral condition of their children. The higher the education of the parent, the lower the risk of children suffering from caries in deciduous teeth.Conclusions: With an overall poor situation about oral hygiene habits, oral healthcare attitude of the parents, and behavior transformation, the prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous teeth of children aged 3–5 years in Guizhou Province is high, and their caries status was severe, with more than 99% of the caries cases that were untreated. Therefore, prevention and treatment measures of caries in preschool children need strengthening through the improvement of public awareness and the enhancement of the management of oral health habits of their children.

Determinants of Domestic Violence in Pakistan: A Qualitative and Econometric Analysis

Partner Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. PA-D-20-00006
Author(s):  
Naeem Akram
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Working Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health Organization

Domestic violence exists in every country, irrespective of the culture, ethnicity, age, income, and education of the women. World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that approximately 35% of women worldwide had experienced sexual or physical violence. The present study has attempted to analyze the role of different socioeconomic indicators on the prevalence of domestic violence. In this regard, data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017–2018 has been used and logit models have been estimated. It has been found that women married below the age of 18; living in rural areas; have more children; whose mothers experienced violence; feared their husbands; with little to or no autonomy in decision-making; had a bank account; married outside of the family; and had not inherited any land or property were significantly more vulnerable victims of domestic violence. It has been found that women’s education, education of her husband, and exposure to media by creating awareness may protect women from domestic violence. Furthermore, working women are more likely to face domestic violence, but women who have started working before marriage are significantly less vulnerable victims of domestic violence. However, the age of women herself, the age of husband, age of household head and wealth of household, living in the nucleus or joint family, receiving any support from Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) have no significant role in determining the domestic violence in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Domestic violence in rural currently married women: effects on utilization of reproductive and maternal health services

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Gupta ◽  
Bhavna Langer ◽  
Parveen Singh ◽  
Rashmi Kumari ◽  
Najma Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
A Priority

Background: Domestic violence remains a public health concern in India due to its high prevalence and adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Domestic violence in low and middle income countries has emerged as a priority among researchers and policy makers who are primarily concerned with women s health and empowerment. The study aimed to assess the relationship between domestic violence and women’s use of reproductive and maternal health services.Methods: The present study was conducted among currently married rural women in reproductive age group (15-49 Years). Four villages in Kot Balwal Block were selected randomly and all the currently married women who were willing to give informed verbal consent were administered the questionnaire. The questionnaire was pilot tested by the authors. Data was analysed using proportion sand chi square test was used as a test of significance.Results: Prevalence of domestic violence was reported to be 49.12%. Regarding empowerment, the results revealed that while 65.3% of the respondents were able to decide on their health, only 20.7% had say in household purchases. Attitude towards wife beating was strongly negative as 95.7% rejected wife beating. Levels of education, exposure to media, intake of alcohol by partners and spousal age difference were statistically significant (p<0.05) in relation to use of reproductive and maternal health services.Conclusions: The study has revealed that women’s empowerment has a positive impact on use of reproductive and maternal health services. Multi-sector collaboration in initiating programs and interventions to improve women’s empowerment, increase educational attainment and reduction of gender based violence should be a priority for the health planners.

scholarly journals Child Marriage and Physical Violence: Results from a Nationally Representative Study in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Ramesh Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Minimum Age

Child marriage is a significant public health concern especially in developing countries. This study examines the prevalence and factors influencing the physical violence among married women in Nepal. More specifically, this paper aims to investigate whether child marriage has an effect on married women’s experience of physical violence by their husbands. Data were drawn from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, 2016, involving currently married women aged 15–49 years who had participated in the domestic violence module (n=3447). Weighted percentages were calculated to examine the age at marriage for experiencing physical violence from their husband. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess risk factors of physical violence due to child and early marriage. After controlling individual, household and community characteristics, this study found that lower age at marriage had increased odds of women experiencing physical violence by their husband. It is found that women who got married at less than 15 years, 15-17 years, 18-19 years were 2.3 times (adjusted OR=2.33), 1.68 times (adjusted OR=1.68) and 1.64 times (adjusted OR=1.64) respectively more likely to experience violence by their husbands than those who got married at the age of 20 years or later. Child and early marriage puts women at increased risk of physical and sexual violence. Government agencies need to strictly enforce existing law on the minimum age at marriage to reduce violence from their husband and increase quality of life of women and family.Journal of Health Promotion Vol.6 2008, p.49-59

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