The Comparison and Modeling of the Driving Factors of Urban Expansion for Thirty-Five Big Cities in the Three Regions in China

This paper presents a national- and regional-scale urban growth model (NRUGM) of China based on panel data analysis. Through the panel analysis, population growth, road construction, salary increment per capita, and secondary industry product increment were proven to be the major driving factors for national-scale urban expansion. According to Seventh Five-Year Plan, China had been divided into three regions, Eastern China, Middle China, and Western China, by their geographic position and economic development. We studied the relationship between urban expansion and the driving factors for the three regions between 1990 and 2010 in China. The driving factors of urban expansion were different for the different regions and periods. Population growth and road construction were identified as the two major factors driving urban expansion for Eastern China. Secondary industry and economic development had become the major driving factors for urban expansion over the last twenty years in Middle China. Over the same period, for Western China, economic growth had become the major driving factor for urban expansion. Our results have significant policy implications for China. The macrocontrol of the central government should utilize different policies to adjust urban expansion in the different regions.

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Regional Green Development and Spatial Evolution in China: Abiding by Theory of Dissipative Structure

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20185304008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 04008

Author(s):

Fumin Deng ◽

Hui Zhu ◽

Xuedong Liang

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Dissipative Structure ◽

Eastern China ◽

Indicator System ◽

Entropy Method ◽

Central China ◽

Western China ◽

Brusselator Model ◽

Energy Factors ◽

Green Development

Regional green development can commendably abide by the theory of dissipative structure. The relative dissipative characteristics taken on by regional development are analyzed, in which the energy factors and resources factors are incorporated into the green economic development and green environment support subsystems (2GE system) in line with the definite input characteristics. A more representative indicator system is established, with positive and negative entropy indexes involved. As Brusselator model and information entropy method are employed to calculate the data of 30 China’s provinces from 2008 to 2015, the findings bespeak that green development in China lays particular stress on green economic development assuming higher environment pressure and cost. The development among various regions is getting progressively and evidently different, which is manifested as potent economic base and abundant natural resources in the Eastern China; the backward green economic development and the progress of green environment in Central China; the pursuit of green economic development at the expense of the green environment in Western China and Northeastern China.

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A Model-Based Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Changes of the Urban Expansion in Arid Area of Western China: A Case Study in North Xinjiang Economic Zone

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11090989 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 989

Author(s):

Jing Qian ◽

Qiming Zhou ◽

Xi Chen ◽

Bo Sun

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Eastern China ◽

Western China ◽

Urbanization Process ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

North Xinjiang ◽

Economic Zone ◽

S Model

Investigation of urban expansion can provide a better understanding of the urbanization process and its driving forces, which is critical for environmental management and land use planning. Total of 514 sampling points from the aerial photos and field sampling were applied to assess the image accuracy. A Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small Region Extent (CLUE-S) model was established to simulate the urbanization process at the township level in the North Xinjiang Economic Zone (NXEZ) of western China. Historical land use and land cover changes with multi-temporal remote sensing data were retrieved, and the underlying driving forces were explored by training the CLUE-S model. Moreover, future changes in urban development were simulated under different scenarios. Results showed that the overall accuracy reaches larger than 80% for the years of 2002, 2005, and 2007, and the corresponding kappa coefficient is bigger than 0.8. The NXEZ is at a premature development stage compared with urban clusters in eastern China. Before 1999, the driving force in this region was primary industry development. In recent years, secondary industries started to show significance in urbanization. These findings indicate that the industrial base and economic development in the NXEZ are still relatively weak and have not taken a strong leading role. When industry and population become the main driving factors, the regional economy will enter a new stage of leap-forward development, which in turn will stimulate a new round of rapid urbanization.

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Impact of Economic Development Levels and Disaster Types on the Short-Term Macroeconomic Consequences of Natural Hazard-Induced Disasters in China

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2266 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rumei Tang ◽

Jidong Wu ◽

Mengqi Ye ◽

Wenhui Liu

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Natural Hazard ◽

Eastern China ◽

Regional Growth ◽

Western China ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Short Term ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Development Levels ◽

Meteorological Disasters

The relationship between natural hazard-induced disasters and macroeconomic growth has been examined widely on global and national scales, but little research has been focused on the subnational level, especially in China. We examined the impacts of natural hazard-induced disasters on the regional growth in China based on subnational panel data for the period from 1990 to 2016. First, we used the number of people affected and the direct economic losses as the measures of the scale of disasters. Then, we used the direct damages of meteorological disasters and earthquakes as disaster measures separately to examine the impacts of different disaster types. Finally, we performed intraregional effects regressions to observe the spatial heterogeneity within the regions. The results show that the adverse short-term effects of disasters is most pronounced in the central region, while the direct damage of disasters is a positive stimulus of growth in the whole of China. However, this stimulus is observed in a lagged way and is reflected differently meteorological disasters in central and eastern China and earthquakes in western China are related to regional growth. The results demonstrate that the short-term macroeconomic impacts of these disasters in the three geographical regions of China largely depend on regional economic development levels and the disaster types.

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Analysis of the Dynamic Urban Expansion Based on Multi-Sourced Data from 1998 to 2013: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10103467 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 3467 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ge Shi ◽

Nan Jiang ◽

Yang Li ◽

Bin He

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Eastern China ◽

Master Planning ◽

High Association ◽

Intensity Index ◽

Nighttime Light Data ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Area Expansion

Recently, with the fast speed of urban expansion, research concerning the regulation of urban built-up area expansion is a significant topic, especially in Eastern China with its high urbanization level. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light data has a high association with the urban-rural distribution, which provides a new method to study urban expansion effectively and with relatively high accuracy. Between 1998 and 2013, China experienced a rapid economic development period, making it crucial to learn the patterns and driving forces to better manage urban master planning and sustainable development. The urban built-up area for the research years are mapped, and the annual urban expansion speed, urbanization intensity index, and built-up area gravity center are analyzed in this paper. The results will show that the amount of the urban built-up area grows continuously from 1998 to 2008, with the development focus in southern Jiangsu, while from 2008 to 2013, the development center moves to northern Jiangsu. The main driving forces behind this urban built-up area expansion are population growth and economic development.

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The Development of Population Policies

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x00024708 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 91-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. I. Pool

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Economic Development ◽

Latin America ◽

Population Growth ◽

Policy Implications ◽

African Population ◽

Tropical Africa ◽

Population Policies ◽

Social And Economic Development ◽

Use Studies

UNTIL recently the tendency has been to look at African population largely in terms of crude density. From this standpoint tropical Africa was often rated as ‘underpopulated’, and even the recent and prestigious Pearson Commission, although noting the overall effect of population growth on development, stated blandly: ‘In Africa and Latin America…settlement is so sparse that it is impossible to speak of overpopulation.’1Yet two years before, by synthesising a number of land-use studies and by demonstrating that, in terms of available land suitable for agriculture and pastoralism, there was pressure on rural resources, a prominent geographer had attacked, and one would have thought, had laid to rest, this argument. I do not wish to reiterate his case.2Instead, using his article as a base, I will attempt here to make very crude prognoses and predictions and then to look at their policy implications, both for the sector discussed by him and for other sectors of social and economic development.

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Spatial Patterns of Urban Expansion in Chinese Cities

Abstracts of the ICA ◽

10.5194/ica-abs-1-419-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Jing Yao ◽

Ya Ping Wang ◽

Xiaoxiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Urban Form ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Urban Land Use ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Western China ◽

City Development ◽

Chinese Cities ◽

The City

Abstract. China has experienced high rate urbanization in recent years, with urban population increased from 460 to 750 million and the built-up area of metropolis expanded by almost 60% since 2000. Urban landscape has been dramatically changed by intensified inner-city development and urban sprawl. In recent years, the changes in urban form has transformed from expansion to restructuring. A good understanding of urban expansion and spatial restructuring as a consequence of urbanization has important policy implications, enhancing the knowledge of spatial variations in urban growth in transitional Chinese cities and assisting with sustainable urban and regional planning.Using the Landsat satellite images from 1995 to 2015, this research explores urban expansion and its spatial patterns in second-tier Chinese cities, taking Tianjin, Hangzhou and Chengdu as examples, which are the leaders in the urbanization in Northern, Eastern and Western China, respectively. The study area includes the city proper in the three case study cities. Figure 1 shows the expansion of urban area in the three cities over the study time period. By visual inspection, it can be observed that the spatial pattern of urban land use growth varies across the three cities. For example, Tianjin has been largely expanding towards the east, particularly the Tianjin Binhai New Area, which has been rapidly developed into a new city core. The city of Chengdu seems having been expanding toward all directions of the surrounding area, integrated with the adjacent towns into a larger urban agglomeration. Further work will focus on quantitative analysis of the spatial patterns of urban expansion using geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analytics, as well as the association between urban expansion and socioeconomic changes, with a reflection on the role of national/local policies.

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Impact of Economic Development Levels and Disaster Types on the Short-Term Macroeconomic Consequences of Natural Hazard-Induced Disasters in China

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science ◽

10.1007/s13753-019-00234-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 371-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rumei Tang ◽

Jidong Wu ◽

Mengqi Ye ◽

Wenhui Liu

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Natural Hazard ◽

Eastern China ◽

Regional Growth ◽

Western China ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Short Term ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Development Levels ◽

Meteorological Disasters

Abstract The relationship between natural hazard-induced disasters and macroeconomic growth has been examined widely on global and national scales, but little research has been focused on the subnational level, especially in China. We examined the impacts of natural hazard-induced disasters on the regional growth in China based on subnational panel data for the period from 1990 to 2016. First, we used the number of people affected and the direct economic losses as the measures of the scale of disasters. Then, we used the direct damages of meteorological disasters and earthquakes as disaster measures separately to examine the impacts of different disaster types. Finally, we performed intraregional effects regressions to observe the spatial heterogeneity within the regions. The results show that the adverse short-term effects of disasters is most pronounced in the central region, while the direct damage of disasters is a positive stimulus of growth in the whole of China. However, this stimulus is observed in a lagged way and is reflected differently—meteorological disasters in central and eastern China and earthquakes in western China are related to regional growth. The results demonstrate that the short-term macroeconomic impacts of these disasters in the three geographical regions of China largely depend on regional economic development levels and the disaster types.

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Interactive Relationship among Urban Expansion, Economic Development, and Population Growth since the Reform and Opening up in China: An Analysis Based on a Vector Error Correction Model

Land ◽

10.3390/land8100153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yanwei Zhang ◽

Hualin Xie

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Economic Development ◽

Population Growth ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Vector Error Correction Model ◽

Short Term ◽

Correction Model ◽

Vector Error Correction ◽

Vector Error

Based on cointegration analysis, a vector error correction model (VECM), and the impulse response function method, this paper empirically analyses the interaction among urban expansion, economic development, and population growth in China from 1980 to 2016. The results show that (I) there is a long-term equilibrium relationship among urban expansion, economic development and population growth, but there is an imbalance in the short term. When urban expansion deviates from the long-term equilibrium, it cannot be restored to equilibrium in the short term. However, when economic development and population growth deviate from equilibrium, they will adjust back to equilibrium with strengths of −0.1770 and −0.0217, respectively. (II) From the results of the impulse response, there is an interactive statistical relationship between urban expansion, economic development, and population growth; In the short term, both economic development and population growth will cause urban expansion. In the long term, economic development will inhibit urban expansion, and economic development will be less dependent on land. Also, population growth has a long-lasting positive effect on urban expansion. (III) The results of variance decomposition show that urban expansion and economic development were most affected by the structural impact of population growth, and the relative variance contribution (RVC) rate was stable at 29.2% and 42%, respectively. However, economic development contributes the least to the RVC of urban expansion and population growth, and only stabilizes at 12.3% and 8.0% after 30 periods. Finally, the paper proposes that the Chinese government should maintain stable and healthy economic growth and promote sustainable land use in terms of improving land use efficiency, improving human capital levels, and promoting industrial structure.

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Life Expectancy in Chinese Cities: Spatially Varied Role of Socioeconomic Development, Population Structure, and Natural Conditions

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186597 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6597

Author(s):

Daquan Huang ◽

Shuimiao Yang ◽

Tao Liu

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Eastern China ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Western China ◽

Weighted Regression ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Development Level

Improving life expectancy, as well as people’s health and wellbeing, is an important goal both for the Chinese government and the United Nations. Therefore, to analyze the main factors influencing life expectancy in prefecture-level cities in China, this study uses classical ordinary least-squares regression and geographical weighted regression on the data of the latest census. Moreover, regional differences induced by each influencing factor are also depicted in this study. The results demonstrate that there is significant heterogeneity and spatial positive correlation among the distribution of life expectancy in prefecture-level cities, with a generally higher life expectancy in the provincial capitals and eastern China, and lower in western China. The geographically weighted regression analysis shows that the economic development level, medical conditions, demographic structure, natural environment, and city attributes all affect the distribution of life expectancy, but that their effects have significant spatial heterogeneity. Life expectancy of the less developed areas in Western China is affected dominantly by economic development level, whereas medical services and education are of great importance in determining the life expectancy in Northern and Southern China, respectively. Thus, it is crucial to solve health problems based on local conditions, especially focusing on the improvement of health and health care in underdeveloped areas. Meanwhile, for the eastern developed areas, special attention should be paid to environmental protection in the economic process, while striving to achieve high-quality development.

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Industrial Co-Agglomeration and Air Pollution Reduction: An Empirical Evidence Based on Provincial Panel Data

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182212097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 12097

Author(s):

Rulong Zhuang ◽

Kena Mi ◽

Zhangwei Feng

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Eastern China ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Central China ◽

Western China ◽

Pollution Reduction ◽

Producer Services ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

The Impact

Industrial co-agglomeration plays a significant role in the moving up of the manufacturing industry in the value chain and in transforming China from a manufacturing giant into a world manufacturing power. This study establishes a co-aggregation index to explore spatio-temporal changes of the co-agglomeration between manufacturing and producer services in 30 provinces of China from 2004 to 2019. Furthermore, we use spatial Durbin model to analyze the impact of industrial co-agglomeration on air pollution reduction. We find that (1) the co-agglomeration index varies remarkably at spatio-temporal scale; (2) high co-agglomeration index is mainly distributed in eastern and central China, while low co-agglomeration index is mainly located in the western region; (3) the co-agglomeration index presents a cluster pattern among provinces, with the cluster of high value in eastern China and the cluster of low value in western China; and (4) the co-agglomeration between manufacturing and producer services is proven effetely to reduce air pollution, which is accompanied with spatial spillover effect. We also provided policy implications in line with diverse industries, multi hierarchies, and different regions, promoting the coordination of manufacturing and producer services and improving air quality.

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