scholarly journals Study of Wireless Authentication Center with Mixed Encryption in WSN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqin Lu ◽  
Jing Zhai ◽  
Ronghuan Zhu ◽  
Jiancheng Qin
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Computational Capability ◽  
Hash Algorithm ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Secure Hash Algorithm ◽  
Microcontroller Unit

WSN (wireless sensor network) has been used in a wide range of applications nowadays. Sensor networks may often relay critical data; thus, security must be a high priority. However, due to their limited computational, energy, and storage resources, sensor nodes are vulnerable to attack. So how to protect sensor nodes from attacks without raising computational capability and energy consumption is a worthwhile issue. A WAC (wireless authentication center) with mixed encryption named “MEWAC” is proposed. MEWAC is based on MCU (Microcontroller Unit) and WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) module and uses RSA, AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), and SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) to provide high performance authentication and data encryption services for sensor nodes. The experimental results show that MEWAC has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, good performance, and stability; moreover, the authentication protocol improves the security of WSN and reduces the overhead in node authentication.

scholarly journals Applicability of Cork as Novel Modifiers to Develop Electrochemical Sensor for Caffeine Determination

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Mayra K. S. Monteiro ◽  
Djalma R. Da Silva ◽  
Marco A. Quiroz ◽  
Vítor J. P. Vilar ◽  
Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Caffeine Concentration ◽  
Real Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Use

This study aims to investigate the applicability of a hybrid electrochemical sensor composed of cork and graphite (Gr) for detecting caffeine in aqueous solutions. Raw cork (RAC) and regranulated cork (RGC, obtained by thermal treatment of RAC with steam at 380 °C) were tested as modifiers. The results clearly showed that the cork-graphite sensors, GrRAC and GrRGC, exhibited a linear response over a wide range of caffeine concentration (5–1000 µM), with R2 of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD), estimated at 2.9 and 6.1 µM for GrRAC and GrRGC, suggest greater sensitivity and reproducibility than the unmodified conventional graphite sensor. The low-cost cork-graphite sensors were successfully applied in the determination of caffeine in soft drinks and pharmaceutical formulations, presenting well-defined current signals when analyzing real samples. When comparing electrochemical determinations and high performance liquid chromatography measurements, no significant differences were observed (mean accuracy 3.0%), highlighting the potential use of these sensors to determine caffeine in different samples.

scholarly journals Towards a Glass New World: The Role of Ion-Exchange in Modern Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4610
Author(s):  
Simone Berneschi ◽  
Giancarlo C. Righini ◽  
Stefano Pelli
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Happy Marriage

Glasses, in their different forms and compositions, have special properties that are not found in other materials. The combination of transparency and hardness at room temperature, combined with a suitable mechanical strength and excellent chemical durability, makes this material indispensable for many applications in different technological fields (as, for instance, the optical fibres which constitute the physical carrier for high-speed communication networks as well as the transducer for a wide range of high-performance sensors). For its part, ion-exchange from molten salts is a well-established, low-cost technology capable of modifying the chemical-physical properties of glass. The synergy between ion-exchange and glass has always been a happy marriage, from its ancient historical background for the realisation of wonderful artefacts, to the discovery of novel and fascinating solutions for modern technology (e.g., integrated optics). Getting inspiration from some hot topics related to the application context of this technique, the goal of this critical review is to show how ion-exchange in glass, far from being an obsolete process, can still have an important impact in everyday life, both at a merely commercial level as well as at that of frontier research.

scholarly journals Optimization of Plant Extract Purification Procedure for Rapid Screening Analysis of Sixteen Phenolics by Liquid Chromatography

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Petra Ranušová ◽  
Ildikó Matušíková ◽  
Peter Nemeček
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methoxycinnamic Acid

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure was developed for simultaneous monitoring of sixteen different phenolics of various polarity, quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The procedure allowed screening the accumulation of intermediates in different metabolic pathways that play a crucial role in plant physiology and/or are beneficial for human health. Metabolites mostly involved in phenylpropanoid, shikimate, and polyketide pathways comprise chlorogenic acid, gentisic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, quercetin, epicatechin, gallic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, vanillin; two rarely quantified metabolites, 2,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid and 4-methoxycinnamic acid, were included as well. The procedure offered low cost, good overall efficiency, and applicability in laboratories with standard laboratory equipment. SPE recoveries were up to 99.8% at various concentration levels. The method allowed for routine analysis of compounds with a wide range of polarity within a single run, while its applicability was demonstrated for various model plant species (tobacco, wheat, and soybean), as well as different tissue types (shoots and roots).

scholarly journals Process Design Kit and Design Automation for Flexible Hybrid Electronics

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Tsung-Ching Huang ◽  
Ting Lei ◽  
Leilai Shao ◽  
Sridhar Sivapurapu ◽  
Madhavan Swaminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Design Automation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract High-performance low-cost flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) are desirable for applications such as internet of things and wearable electronics. Carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film transistor (TFT) is a promising candidate for high-performance FHE because of its high carrier mobility, superior mechanical flexibility, and material compatibility with low-cost printing and solution processes. Flexible sensors and peripheral CNT-TFT circuits, such as decoders, drivers, and sense amplifiers, can be printed and hybrid-integrated with thinned (<50 μm) silicon chips on soft, thin, and flexible substrates for a wide range of applications, from flexible displays to wearable medical devices. Here, we report (1) a process design kit (PDK) to enable FHE design automation for large-scale FHE circuits and (2) solution process-proven intellectual property blocks for TFT circuits design, including Pseudo-Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (Pseudo-CMOS) flexible digital logic and analog amplifiers. The FHE-PDK is fully compatible with popular silicon design tools for design and simulation of hybrid-integrated flexible circuits.

Application of SU-8 photoresist as a multi-functional structural dielectric layer in FOWLP

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Raquel Pinto ◽  
André Cardoso ◽  
Sara Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Brandão ◽  
João Gaspar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) are a fast growing technology for sensor and actuator miniaturization finding more and more commercial opportunities by having an important role in the field of Internet of Things (IoT). On the same note, Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP), namely WLFO technology of NANIUM, which is based on Infineon/ Intel eWLB technology, is also finding further applications, not only due to its high performance, low cost, high flexibility, but also due to its versatility to allow the integration of different types of components in the same small form-factor package. Despite its great potential it is still off limits to the more sensitive components as micro-mechanical devices and some type of sensors, which are vulnerable to temperature and pressure. In the interest of increasing FOWLP versatility and enabling the integration of MEMS, new methods of assembling and processing are continuously searched for. Dielectrics currently used for redistribution layer construction need to be cured at temperatures above 200°C, making it one of the major boundary for low temperature processing. In addition, in order to accomplish a wide range of dielectric thicknesses in the same package it is often necessary to stack very different types of dielectrics with impact on bill of materials complexity and cost. In this work, done in cooperation with the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), we describe the implementation of commercially available SU-8 photoresist as a structural material in FOWLP, allowing lower processing temperature and reduced internal package stress, thus enabling the integration of components such as MEMS/MOEMS, magneto-resistive devices and micro-batteries. While SU-8 photoresist was first designed for the microelectronics industry, it is currently highly used in the fabrication of microfluidics as well as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and BIO-MEMS due to its high biocompatibility and wide range of available thicknesses in the same product family. Its good thermal and chemical resistance and also mechanical and rheological properties, make it suitable to be used as a structural material, and moreover it cures at 150°C, which is key for the applications targeted. Unprecedentedly, SU-8 photoresist is tested in this work as a structural dielectric for the redistribution layers on 300mm fan-out wafers. Main concerns during the evaluation of the new WLFO dielectric focused on processability quality; adhesion to multi-material substrate and metals (copper, aluminium, gold, ¦); between layers of very different thicknesses; and overall reliability. During preliminary runs, processability on 300 mm fan-out wafers was evaluated by testing different coating and soft bake conditions, exposure settings, post-exposure parameters, up to developing setup. The outputs are not only on process conditions and results but also on WLFO design rules. For the first time, a set of conditions has been defined that allows processing SU-8 on WLFO, with thickness values ranging from 1 um to 150 um. The introduction of SU-8 in WLFO is a breakthrough in this fast-growing advanced packaging technology platform as it opens vast opportunities for sensor integration in WLP technology.

PUSHING STANDARD CMOS TECHNOLOGIES INTO SMART POWER CONVERSION AND AMPLIFICATION

1995 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FINCO ◽  
F. H. BEHRENS ◽  
J. GUILHERME ◽  
M. I. CASTRO SIMAS ◽  
M. LANÇA
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power Integrated Circuit ◽  
Lateral Structures ◽  
Lightly Doped Drain ◽  
Specific Control

A smart power integrated circuit to be fabricated with standard CMOS technologies was developed in view to obtain a versatile, high performance and low cost basic building block, suitable for a wide range of low power applications. This circuit merges together two transistors, connected in a low-side/high-side switch configuration, with specific control and protection circuitries. These transistors are NMOS medium-voltage lateral structures, which use the lightly doped drain concept and are targeted to handle currents up to 2 A and to support 25 V at OFF state. Experimental results on different applications and topologies show the applicability of the smart switching cell on portable systems power supplies and amplifiers (up to 20 W). Its performance also proves the ability of standard CMOS technologies to implement smart power circuits.

scholarly journals High Performance and Reliable Fault Detection Scheme for the Secure Hash Algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fatma Kahri ◽  
Hassen Mestiri ◽  
Belgacem Bouallegue ◽  
Mohsen Machhout ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Hash Algorithm ◽  
Secure Hash Algorithm

Building Sensor Grid Architecture for Large-Scale Air Pollution Data Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Ya Jie Ma ◽  
Zhi Jian Mei ◽  
Xiang Chuan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Data Management ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Grid Architecture ◽  
Autonomous Sensor ◽  
Efficient Data

Large-scale sensor networks are systems that a large number of high-throughput autonomous sensor nodes are distributed over wide areas. Much attention has paid to provide efficient data management in such systems. Sensor grid provides low cost and high performance computing to physical world data perceived through sensors. This article analyses the real-time sensor grid challenges on large-scale air pollution data management. A sensor grid architecture for pollution data management is proposed. The processing of the service-oriented grid management is described in psuedocode. A simulation experiment investigates the performance of the data management for such a system.

The historical development of the magnetic method in exploration

Geophysics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 33ND-61ND ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Nabighian ◽  
V. J. S. Grauch ◽  
R. O. Hansen ◽  
T. R. LaFehr ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Magnetic Method ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weakly Magnetic ◽  
New Applications

The magnetic method, perhaps the oldest of geophysical exploration techniques, blossomed after the advent of airborne surveys in World War II. With improvements in instrumentation, navigation, and platform compensation, it is now possible to map the entire crustal section at a variety of scales, from strongly magnetic basement at regional scale to weakly magnetic sedimentary contacts at local scale. Methods of data filtering, display, and interpretation have also advanced, especially with the availability of low-cost, high-performance personal computers and color raster graphics. The magnetic method is the primary exploration tool in the search for minerals. In other arenas, the magnetic method has evolved from its sole use for mapping basement structure to include a wide range of new applications, such as locating intrasedimentary faults, defining subtle lithologic contacts, mapping salt domes in weakly magnetic sediments, and better defining targets through 3D inversion. These new applications have increased the method's utility in all realms of exploration — in the search for minerals, oil and gas, geothermal resources, and groundwater, and for a variety of other purposes such as natural hazards assessment, mapping impact structures, and engineering and environmental studies.

scholarly journals High-Sensitivity Flexible Pressure Sensor-Based 3D CNTs Sponge for Human–Computer Interaction

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3465
Author(s):  
Jianli Cui ◽  
Xueli Nan ◽  
Guirong Shao ◽  
Huixia Sun
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flexible Pressure Sensors

Researchers are showing an increasing interest in high-performance flexible pressure sensors owing to their potential uses in wearable electronics, bionic skin, and human–machine interactions, etc. However, the vast majority of these flexible pressure sensors require extensive nano-architectural design, which both complicates their manufacturing and is time-consuming. Thus, a low-cost technology which can be applied on a large scale is highly desirable for the manufacture of flexible pressure-sensitive materials that have a high sensitivity over a wide range of pressures. This work is based on the use of a three-dimensional elastic porous carbon nanotubes (CNTs) sponge as the conductive layer to fabricate a novel flexible piezoresistive sensor. The synthesis of a CNTs sponge was achieved by chemical vapor deposition, the basic underlying principle governing the sensing behavior of the CNTs sponge-based pressure sensor and was illustrated by employing in situ scanning electron microscopy. The CNTs sponge-based sensor has a quick response time of ~105 ms, a high sensitivity extending across a broad pressure range (less than 10 kPa for 809 kPa−1) and possesses an outstanding permanence over 4,000 cycles. Furthermore, a 16-pixel wireless sensor system was designed and a series of applications have been demonstrated. Its potential applications in the visualizing pressure distribution and an example of human–machine communication were also demonstrated.

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