scholarly journals Embedding of Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers within PHEMA Hydrogel Matrices: Tunable Stiffness Composites with Potential for Biomedical Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka Hobzova ◽  
Jakub Hrib ◽  
Jakub Sirc ◽  
Evgeny Karpushkin ◽  
Jiri Michalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Relaxation Modes ◽  
Biocompatibility Test

Bacterial cellulose (BC) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels are both considered as biocompatible materials with potential use in various biomedical applications including cartilage, cardiovascular stent, and soft tissue engineering. In this work, the “ever-wet” process based on in situ UV radical polymerization of HEMA monomer in BC nanofibrous structure impregnated with HEMA was used, and a series of BC-PHEMA composites was prepared. The composite structures were characterized by ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, WAXD, SEM, and TEM techniques. The strategy of using densified BC material of various cellulose fiber contents was applied to improve mechanical properties. The mechanical properties were tested under tensile, dynamic shear, and relaxation modes. The final composites contained 1 to 20 wt% of BC; the effect of the reinforcement degree on morphology, swelling capacity, and mechanical properties was investigated. The biocompatibility test of BC-PHEMA composites was performed using mouse mesenchymal stem cells.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose for Biomedical Applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Teresa Aditya ◽  
Jean Paul Allain ◽  
Camilo Jaramillo ◽  
Andrea Mesa Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

Bacterial cellulose is a naturally occurring polysaccharide with numerous biomedical applications that range from drug delivery platforms to tissue engineering strategies. BC possesses remarkable biocompatibility, microstructure, and mechanical properties that resemble native human tissues, making it suitable for the replacement of damaged or injured tissues. In this review, we will discuss the structure and mechanical properties of the BC and summarize the techniques used to characterize these properties. We will also discuss the functionalization of BC to yield nanocomposites and the surface modification of BC by plasma and irradiation-based methods to fabricate materials with improved functionalities such as bactericidal capabilities.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Stable Alginate-Nanocellulose Gels for Biomedical Applications: Towards Tunable Mechanical Properties and Cell Growing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Siqueira ◽  
Éder Siqueira ◽  
Ana Elza De Lima ◽  
Gilberto Siqueira ◽  
Ana Delia Pinzón-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Alginate Gels

Hydrogels have been studied as promising materials in different biomedical applications such as cell culture in tissue engineering or in wound healing. In this work, we synthesized different nanocellulose-alginate hydrogels containing cellulose nanocrystals, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCTs), cellulose nanofibers or TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFTs). The hydrogels were freeze-dried and named as gels. The nanocelluloses and the gels were characterized by different techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), while the biological features were characterized by cytotoxicity and cell growth assays. The addition of CNCTs or CNFTs in alginate gels contributed to the formation of porous structure (diameter of pores in the range between 40 and 150 μm). TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers have proven to play a crucial role in improving the dimensional stability of the samples when compared to the pure alginate gels, mainly after a thermal post-treatment of these gels containing 50 wt % of CNFT, which significantly increased the Ca2+ crosslinking density in the gel structure. The morphological characteristics, the mechanical properties, and the non-cytotoxic behavior of the CNFT-alginate gels improved bioadhesion, growth, and proliferation of the cells onto the gels. Thus, the alginate-nanocellulose gels might find applications in tissue engineering field, as for instance, in tissue repair or wound healing applications.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Hydrogels of Alginate/chitosan Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Nanocelluloses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Siqueira ◽  
Ana de Lima ◽  
Felipe Medeiros ◽  
Augusta Isaac ◽  
Katia Novack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Post Treatment

Abstract The hydrogels are advanced materials used in biomedical applications during wound healing, controlled drug release and to prepare scaffolds. In this work are prepared hydrogels of alginate/chitosan (Alg/Ch) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN’s) and nanocelluloses. The hydrogels after preparation by freeze drying are namely simply as gels. The cellulose nanocrystals (CNC’s) are obtained from acid hydrolysis of bleached Eucalyptus pulps and oxidized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCT’s) prepared by (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl radical catalyzed reaction as known as TEMPO reaction. The cellulose nanofibers (NFC’s) are obtained from mechanical shearing of cellulose pulps and oxidized NFC’s by TEMPO-mediated reaction (NFCT’s). The nanocellulose suspension and gels are characterized by FTIR at ATR mode, TGA, XRD, TEM, SEM, X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT) and DMTA. The addition of CNC’s, NFC’s, CNCT’s or NFCT’s in the microstructure of gels increases their dimensional stabilities. The best results are obtained when CNCT’s and NFCT’s are added. The mechanical properties and dimensional stability of Alg/Ch semi-IPN’s increase after controlled thermal post-treatment. The heating during thermal post-treatment boosts the physicochemical interactions in the microstructures of semi-IPN’s. The biological assays show biocompatibility of fibroblast cells on the substrates, and differentiation and proliferation up seven days. The optimized mechanical properties, dimensional stability and biocompatibility of the gels studied in this work are important parameters for potential biomedical applications of these biomaterials.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Paper Sheets Coatings Based on Chitosan/Bacterial Nanocellulose/ZnO With Enhanced Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Jabłońska ◽  
Magdalena Onyszko ◽  
Maciej Konopacki ◽  
Adrian Augustyniak ◽  
Rafał Rakoczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibres ◽  
Tearing Resistance ◽  
Shape And Size

Here, we designed the composition of the coating of the paper sheets composed of chitosan, bacterial cellulose (nanofibres), and ZnO with boosted antibacterial and mechanical activity. We investigated the compositions with ZnO exhibiting two different sizes/shapes: (1) rods and (2) irregular sphere-like particles. The proposed processing of bacterial cellulose resulted in the formation of nanofibers. Antimicrobial behavior was tested using E. coli ATCC® 25922™ following ASTM E2149-13a standard. Mechanical properties of the paper sheets were measured by comparison of tearing resistance, tensile strength, and bursting strength according to ISO 5270 standard. The increased antibacterial response is assigned to the combination of chitosan and ZnO (independently of its shape and size), while the boosted mechanical behavior is due to bacterial cellulose nanofibers. Therefore, the proposed composition is an interesting multifunctional mixture for coatings in food packaging applications.

Effects of Surface Treatments on Nata de Cassava on the Tensile Strength and Morphology of Bacterial Cellulose Sheet

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
Dini Cahyandari ◽  
Heru Santoso Budi Rohardjo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Acetobacter Xylinum ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Light Pressure ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Cellulose is natural fiber source that available abundant in the world. Besides lignin, hemi cellulose and wax, cellulose is the most component of plant. Cellulose can be produced from secretion of bacteria. Kind of bacteria that can produce cellulose are pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Alkaligene and Acetobacter, but bacteria strain that usually used to produce cellulose called bacterial cellulose is Acetobacter xylinum. Culture medium of Acetobacter xylinum are medium that contain of carbon and nitrogen. One of the medium that contain carbon and nitrogen is tapioka waste water. The gel that produce from tapioka water called nata de cassava. Cellulose fiber that produce from nata de cassava more pure than that from plant. Mechanical properties of single bacterial cellulose fiber as young’s modulus is 114 GPa and tensile strength is 78 GPa. Nata de cassava is produced with 1% sugar consentration and fermentation time is 14 days. pH of tapioka water medium is adjusting by acetic acid glacial. Nata de cassava gel washed for 2 days on running water than soaked in NaOH and NaOCl solution. Than washed on running water than dried on light pressure (0,2 MPa) and oven for an hour on 80°C. this bacterial cellulose film is ready to used as spesiment of tensile test and SEM observation. The aim of this research is to find the effect of surface treatments (Merserizing and Bleaching) on nata de cassava gel on mechanical properties and morfology of bacterial cellulose sheet. From the research find that NaOH treatment give the highest tensile strength of bacterial cellulose sheet compared to NaOCl treatment of nata de cassava.

Advances in Biomedical Application of Nanocellulose-Based Materials: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yuan ◽  
Jing Bian ◽  
Ming-Guo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Sustainable Resources

Background: Recently, there has been increasing interest in nanomaterials processed using renewable and sustainable resources. Nanocellulose-based materials are of paramount value in the applications of biomedicine owing to their tailorable surface modification, favorable optical transparency, good hydrophilicity, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding mechanical properties. Methods: In the review, the recent advancements of nanocellulose, including cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and bacterial cellulose (BC), are summarized, which are promising for biomedical applications. Results: By discussing different forms (one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D)), the superiority of the nanocellulose-based materials with different constructed structures will be clarified for various biomedical applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. Conclusion: Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for future development of nanocellulose-based materials in biomedical applications are also discussed at the end in the review.

Bacterial Cellulose Produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus Culture Using Complex Carbon Sources for Biomedical Applications

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
pp. 2563-2567
Author(s):  
Mayra Elizabeth Garcia-Sanchez ◽  
Ines Jimenez Palomar ◽  
Yolanda Gonzalez-Garcia ◽  
Jorge R. Robledo-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Complex Carbon

ABSTRACTTissue engineering scaffolding is the external media or structure in which cell growth, migration and reproduction is enabled in order to stimulate tissue regeneration. In order to promote tissue regeneration, scaffolding materials are required to have certain properties such as biocompatibility, adequate mechanical properties and surface topographical features in order to provide specific biological signals to promote cell attachment and proliferation [1].Cellulose is the most abundant, inexpensive and readily available carbohydrate polymer in the world and it is traditionally extracted from plants or their wastes [2]. Although the plant itself is the major contributor of cellulose, various types of bacteria are able to produce cellulose and it is termed bacterial cellulose [3]. Bacterial cellulose is a well suited scaffold for tissue regeneration due to its biocompatibility, mechanical properties and its ability to be combined with other structures such calcium phosphates [4], which can create composites with intrinsic properties that meet the requirements of the different tissues of the human body [5].Through additive manufacturing, highly complex structures can be created which are similar to those found in nature. This work will explore the different ways to produce biomimetic structures for tissue engineering applications through the combination of bacterial cellulose and additive manufacturing producing complex structures of a highly a biocompatible material for a range of different biomedical applications [6]. In addition to the manufacturing and processing techniques, the use of mango (juice/peel) as a complex carbon source for the production of bacterial cellulose was investigated.

scholarly journals Strengthening Cellulose Nanopaper via Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound-Induced Surface Disordering of Nanofibers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Elizaveta V. Batishcheva ◽  
Darya N. Sokolova ◽  
Veronika S. Fedotova ◽  
Maria P. Sokolova ◽  
Alexandra L. Nikolaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor ◽  
Structural Investigations

The route for the preparation of cellulose nanofiber dispersions from bacterial cellulose using ethylene glycol- or glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents (DES) is demonstrated. Choline chloride was used as a hydrogen bond acceptor and the effect of the combined influence of DES treatment and ultrasound on the thermal and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BC-NFs) is demonstrated. It was found that the maximal Young’s modulus (9.2 GPa) is achieved for samples prepared using a combination of ethylene glycol-based DES and ultrasound treatment. Samples prepared with glycerol-based DES combined with ultrasound exhibit the maximal strength (132 MPa). Results on the mechanical properties are discussed based on the structural investigations that were performed using FTIR, Raman, WAXD, SEM and AFM measurements, as well as the determination of the degree of polymerization and the density of BC-NF packing during drying with the formation of paper. We propose that the disordering of the BC-NF surface structure along with the preservation of high crystallinity bulk are the key factors leading to the improved mechanical and thermal characteristics of prepared BC-NF-based papers.

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