scholarly journals Protective Effects of Polyphenols Present in Mediterranean Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stromsnes ◽  
C. Mas-Bargues ◽  
J. Gambini ◽  
L. Gimeno-Mallench
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Endothelial dysfunction tends to be the initial indicator in proinflammatory state and macro- and microvascular complications, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that certain compounds in diet can generate beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease due to its interactions with endothelial cells. Thus, this review is aimed at investigating whether certain polyphenols present in the Mediterranean diet, specifically catechin, quercetin, resveratrol, and urolithin, could exert positive effects on endothelial dysfunction. After analysis of numerous papers, we found that polyphenols aiding endothelial function is beneficial not only for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or endothelial dysfunction but for all people as it can improve the effects of aging on the endothelia. The additional benefit of these polyphenols on weight loss further improves health and lowers the risk of several diseases, including those caused by endothelial dysfunction. However, it is important to note that the dosages in the majorities of the studies mentioned in this review were of supplemental rather than nutritionally relevant quantities, and therefore, the recommended dosages are difficult to determine.

scholarly journals Strawberry and Achenes Hydroalcoholic Extracts and Their Digested Fractions Efficiently Counteract the AAPH-Induced Oxidative Damage in HepG2 Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ariza ◽  
Tamara Forbes-Hernández ◽  
Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez ◽  
Sadia Afrin ◽  
Massimiliano Gasparrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Strawberry fruits are highly appreciated by consumers worldwide due to their bright red color, typical aroma, and juicy texture. While the biological activity of the complete fruit has been widely studied, the potential beneficial effects of the achenes (commonly named seeds) remain unknown. In addition, when raw fruit and achenes are consumed, the digestion process could alter the release and absorption of their phytochemical compounds, compromising their bioactivity. In the present work, we evaluated the protective effects against oxidative damage of nondigested and digested extracts from strawberry fruit and achenes in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. For that purpose, cells were treated with different concentration of the extracts prior to incubation with the stressor agent, AAPH (2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride). Subsequently, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the percentage of live, dead, and apoptotic cells were determined. Our results demonstrated that all the evaluated fractions were able to counteract the AAPH-induced damage, suggesting that the achenes also present biological activity. The positive effects of both the raw fruit and achenes were maintained after the in vitro digestion process.

Punicalagin Prevents Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension via Anti-Oxidant Effects in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (04) ◽  
pp. 785-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyun Shao ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
An Liu ◽  
Xusheng Du ◽  
Jie Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
No Production ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Punicalagin (PG), a major bioactive ingredient in pomegranate juice, has been proven to have anti-oxidative stress properties and to exert protective effects on acute lung injuries induced by lipopolysaccharides. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PG treatment on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and the underlying mechanisms responsible for the effects. Rats were exposed to 10% oxygen for 2 wk (8 h/day) to induce the HPH model. PG (5, 15, 45[Formula: see text]mg/kg) was orally administered 10[Formula: see text]min before hypoxia each day. PG treatments at the doses of 15 and 45[Formula: see text]mg/kg/d decreased the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and alleviated right ventricular hypertrophy and vascular remodeling in HPH rats. Meanwhile, PG treatment attenuated the hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction of pulmonary artery rings. The beneficial effects of PG treatment were associated with improved nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP signaling and reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased superoxide generation, gp91[Formula: see text] expression and nitrotyrosine content in the pulmonary arteries. Furthermore, tempol’s scavenging of oxidative stress also increased NO production and attenuated endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in HPH rats. Combining tempol and PG did not exert additional beneficial effects compared to tempol alone. Our study indicated for the first time that PG treatment can protect against hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in rats, which may be induced via its anti-oxidant actions.

Intermediate Thrombin Activation Is Associated with Reduced Cardiovascular Death Independently of Markers of Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Berend H. Isermann ◽  
Jochen Schneider ◽  
Marcus E Kleber ◽  
Hongjie Wang ◽  
Bernhard O Boehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Protective Effects

Abstract Abstract 31 Clinical trials showed an increased frequency of cardiovascular death (CVD) in patients receiving direct thrombin inhibitors. Considering the detrimental effect of local coagulation activation during an acute cardiovascular event these observations are deemed unexpected. These observations raise the question whether enhanced thrombin generation may convey protective effects during non-acute disease stages of cardiovascular disease. To address the question whether increased endogenous thrombin generation may convey beneficial effects in regard to cardiovascular disease we evaluated the association of the ETP and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) with cardiovascular death (CVD) in a large prospective study (3156 individuals, median follow up ten years, Ludwigshafen RIsk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC)-study). Furthermore, we explored the association of ETP with markers of inflammation (CRP, SAA), endothelial dysfunction (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1), and inflammatory cell activation (PAFAH). An inverse association between ETP and CVD was observed, with the lowest hazard ratio (HR) in the 3rd ETP quartile. This effect remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, DM, BMI, smoking, hypertension, hsCRP, LDL, HDL and triglycerides and after excluding patients receiving anticoagulants (HR for MOR 0.675, CI 0.531–0.858, P=0.001, and HR for CVD 0.667, CI 0.493–0.903, P=0.009). The nadir of sICAM-1 or sVCAM-1 was observed in the 3rd, for PAFAH in the 4th ETP quartile. When stratifying patients according to F1+2 we observed a similar U-shaped association with CVD (lowest HR in the 2nd quartile: 0.718, CI 0,524–0.983, P=0.039). In contrast, the HR for CVD according to fibrinogen strata increased continuously across the quartiles (highest HR in the 4th quartile: 1.828, CI 1.318–2.536, P<0.001). These results establish that intermediate levels of ETP or PTF1+2 are associated with a reduced HR for CVD and with lower plasma levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction or inflammatory cell activation. Based on these data we propose that low but sustained levels of thrombin generation mediate vasculo-protective effects translating long term into a reduced risk of CVD. These data may provide a rationale for the observed increased frequency of myocardial infarction in clinical studies evaluating direct thrombin inhibitors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Anthocyanin increases adiponectin secretion and protects against diabetes-related endothelial dysfunction

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (8) ◽  
pp. E975-E988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Yuhua Zhang ◽  
Ruifang Sun ◽  
Min Xia
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
Human Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Type Information

Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-secreted adipokine with beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. In this study, we evaluated a potential role for adiponectin in the protective effects of anthocyanin on diabetes-related endothelial dysfunction. We treated db/db mice on a normal diet with anthocyanin cyanidin-3- O-β-glucoside (C3G; 2 g/kg diet) for 8 wk. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations of the aorta were then evaluated. Adiponectin expression and secretion were also measured. C3G treatment restores endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta in db/db mice, whereas diabetic mice treated with an anti-adiponectin antibody do not respond. C3G treatment induces adiponectin expression and secretion in cultured 3T3 adipocytes through transcription factor forkhead box O1 (Foxo1). Silencing Foxo1 expression prevented C3G-stimulated induction of adiponectin expression. In contrast, overexpression of Foxo1-ADA promoted adiponectin expression in adipocytes. C3G activates Foxo1 by increasing its deacetylation via silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1). Furthermore, purified anthocyanin supplementation significantly improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and increased serum adiponectin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Changes in adiponectin concentrations positively correlated with FMD in the anthocyanin group. Mechanistically, adiponectin activates cAMP-PKA-eNOS signaling pathways in human aortic endothelial cells, increasing endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability. These results demonstrate that adipocyte-derived adiponectin is required for anthocyanin C3G-mediated improvement of endothelial function in diabetes.

scholarly journals The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Ditano-Vázquez ◽  
José David Torres-Peña ◽  
Francisco Galeano-Valle ◽  
Ana Isabel Pérez-Caballero ◽  
Pablo Demelo-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wine Polyphenols ◽  
The Mediterranean

A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism.

Protective Effects of Pomegranate in Endothelial Dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (30) ◽  
pp. 3684-3699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie T.B. Delgado ◽  
Wender N. Rouver ◽  
Roger L. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Punica granatum L. is an infructescence native of occidental Asia and Mediterranean Europe, popularly referred to as pomegranate. It has been used in ethnomedicine for several applications, including the treatment of obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and the regulation of blood lipid parameters. Thus, pomegranate has been linked to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that have endothelial dysfunction as a common factor acting mainly against oxidative stress due to its high polyphenol content. Its biocomponents have antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which promote cardiovascular protection through the improvement of endothelial function. Methods: Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to uncover the literature of interest. Conclusion: This review article presents updated information on the role of pomegranate in the context of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. We have shown that pomegranate, or rather its components (e.g., tannins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, anthocyanins, alkaloids, etc.), have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, improving parameters such as oxidative stress and the enzymatic antioxidant system, reducing reactive oxygen species formation and acting in an anti-inflammatory way. Thus, this review may contribute to a better understanding of pomegranate's beneficial actions on endothelial function and possibly to the development of strategies associated with conventional treatments of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Pre-Clinical Investigation of Cardioprotective Beta-Blockers as a Therapeutic Strategy for Preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3384
Author(s):  
Natalie K. Binder ◽  
Teresa M. MacDonald ◽  
Sally A. Beard ◽  
Natasha de Alwis ◽  
Stephen Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Despite significant maternal and fetal morbidity, a treatment for preeclampsia currently remains an unmet need in clinical care. As too does the lifelong cardiovascular risks imparted on preeclampsia sufferers. Endothelial dysfunction and end-organ injury are synonymous with both preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease, including heart failure. We propose that beta-blockers, known to improve endothelial dysfunction in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, and specifically known to reduce mortality in the treatment of heart failure, may be beneficial in the treatment of preeclampsia. Here, we assessed whether the beta-blockers carvedilol, bisoprolol, and metoprolol could quench the release of anti-angiogenic factors, promote production of pro-angiogenic factors, reduce markers of inflammation, and reduce endothelial dysfunction using our in vitro pre-clinical preeclampsia models encompassing primary placental tissue and endothelial cells. Here, we show beta-blockers effected a modest reduction in secretion of anti-angiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and soluble endoglin and increased expression of pro-angiogenic placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and adrenomedullin in endothelial cells. Beta-blocker treatment mitigated inflammatory changes occurring after endothelial dysfunction and promoted cytoprotective antioxidant heme oxygenase-1. The positive effects of the beta-blockers were predominantly seen in endothelial cells, with a less consistent response seen in placental cells/tissue. In conclusion, beta-blockers show potential as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of preeclampsia and warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Tongxinluo Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Homocysteine ThiolactoneIn Vivovia Suppression of Oxidative Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Tiecheng Pan ◽  
Xiaoxuan Zhong ◽  
Cai Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Homocysteine Thiolactone ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Aim. To explore whether Chinese traditional medicine, tongxinluo (TXL), exerts beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction induced by homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) and to investigate the potential mechanisms.Methods and Results. Incubation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells with HTL (1 mM) for 24 hours significantly reduced cell viabilities assayed by MTT, and enhanced productions of reactive oxygen species. Pretreatment of cells with TXL (100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) for 1 hour reversed these effects induced by HTL. Further, coincubation with GW9662 (0.01, 0.1 mM) abolished the protective effects of TXL on HTL-treated cells. Inex vivoexperiments, exposure of isolated aortic rings from rats to HTL (1 mM) for 1 hour dramatically impaired acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, reduced SOD activity, and increased malondialdehyde content in aortic tissues. Preincubation of aortic rings with TXL (100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) normalized the disorders induced by HTL. Importantly, all effects induced by TXL were reversed by GW9662.In vivoanalysis indicated that the administration of TXL (1.0 g/kg/d) remarkably suppressed oxidative stress and prevented endothelial dysfunction in rats fed with HTL (50 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks.Conclusions. TXL improves endothelial functions in rats fed with HTL, which is related to PPARγ-dependent suppression of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Cardiac Rehabilitation and Endothelial Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Antonio Lanza ◽  
Michele Golino ◽  
Angelo Villano ◽  
Oreste Lanza ◽  
Priscilla Lamendola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Endothelial dysfunction is an early abnormality in the process of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and has been associated with worse clinical outcome. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been reported to be helpful to reduce cardiovascular events in various types of cardiac disease, but the mechanisms of its beneficial effects remain only partially known. In this article, we review the studies that assessed the effect of CR on endothelial function in patients with various cardiac conditions. Available data show that CR significantly improves impaired endothelial function in these patients, which may contribute to the beneficial effects of CR on clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Optimal nutrition: fibre and phytochemicals

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intense Research

There is currently intense research interest in secondary plant metabolites because of their potential preventative effects on the chronic diseases of Western societies, especially cardiovascular disease and cancer. To date most of the research has focused on the identification of plant-derived substances and their potential protective effects against specific chronic diseases. The important issue of determining the optimal intake of those substances, such that the beneficial effects are maximized without manifestation of adverse effects, has yet to be addressed in most cases. Furthermore, there are no specific functional markers that can be used to assess optimal intake, although it may be possible to use biomarkers such as serum cholesterol if the rest of the diet is strictly controlled. The present review discusses a wide range of substances associated with plants, including dietary fibre, resistant starch, oligosaccharides, phyto-oestrogens, phytosterols, flavonoids, terpenes and isothiocyanates, and attempts where possible to indicate optimal intakes and to suggest functional markers.

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