scholarly journals Influence of Solvent on the Component Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Apricot Cake (Prunus armeniaca L.) Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. S. Shakun ◽  
V. I. Vorobyova ◽  
O. E. Chygyrynets ◽  
M. I. Skiba
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L

Antioxidants of natural origin which are based on agroprocessing waste appear as substance with high performance properties. They have complicated structure and contain a complex of biologically active compounds. This is why research of the above is particularly relevant in current competitive market. When working with plant raw materials and isolation of valuable compounds, the urgent issue is the choice of the method (extraction method) and extractant, which will ensure a maximum release of chemically active compounds. Known solvents such as methanol, ethanol, hexane, diethyl ether, and mixtures thereof are usually used for recovery. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of selected nonpolar solvents on the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant capacity of Prunus armeniaca L. Extracts were obtained using ethanol, silicone, propan-2-ol, and mixtures of ethanol silicone and propan-2-ol with silicone. In the obtained extracts, identification of the sequestered chemically active compounds was carried out by means of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and IR and UV spectrometry, and the extracts were evaluated on antioxidant properties. Various extracts showed varying degrees of antioxidant activity in various test systems, depending on the concentration. Since various antioxidant compounds have different mechanisms of action, several methods have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of antioxidant extracts. The results showed that the test solvents play an important role in the extraction of the plant material into the component composition, as well as the antioxidant ability of Prunus armeniaca L.

Effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on certain indication of synthetic activity Rhodotorula glutinis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Obradovych ◽  
Liliia Vasina ◽  
Nadiia Zholobak
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Active Compounds

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NP) have significant catalytic and antioxidant properties due to their ability to inhibit the development of free-radical reactions due to a combination of superoxidedismutase and catalase mimetic activities. This nanopreparation has a significant antibacterial effect, but is low-toxic to unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, it is relevant and appropriate to study the effect of this compound on other groups of yeast, in particular members of the genus Rhodotorula spp., which are characterized by high growth rate, unpretentiousness to the component composition of the culture medium, the ability to form a variety of valuable biologically active compounds, as well as the ability to synthesize proteins, lipids, carotenoids and exopolysaccharides in the complex. The report that microorganisms of this genus have been identified as part of the normal fish microbiota (Abramis brama, Rutilus rutilus, Perca fluviatilis, Oreochromis niloticus) expands the range of their use, either as probiotics in general or their individual cellular and extracellular components as prebiotics. In this work, the effect of different concentrations of CeO2 NP nanopreparation on the production parameters of Rhodotorula glutinis was studied, as well as their antagonistic properties after saturation of nanocerium were tested. To detect the optimal concentration of nanopreparation of cerium dioxide, R. glutinis was cultured for 120 h at 28 0C and aerated at 160 rpm on Saburo medium with the addition of citrate-stabilized CeO2 NP with a particle size of 1-2 nm in the following concentrations: 100 mM, 10 mM, 1 mM, 0,1 mM, 0,01 mM. The control was R. glutinis grown on Saburo medium, experimental controls were represented by microorganisms in the culture medium of which citrate and full-size cerium (CeCl3) were added. It was found that most of the studied concentrations of CeO2 NP (except for the highest) are not toxic to these carotenogenic yeasts. The presence of 10 mM CeO2 NP stimulates the growth of the culture, while the increase in biomass is increased by fourfold compared to the control. There was also an increase in the content of basic metabolites – protein by 1,2 times, lipids by 2,5 times and valuable biologically active compounds - carotenoids by 20% and exopolysaccharides by 2,2 times. However, under these conditions, no significant changes in catalase and superoxidase activities were registered. Examination of the antagonistic properties of the CeO2 NP-enriched culture of R. glutinis by delayed antagonism by the method of perpendicular strokes against gram-positive B. subtilis and gram-negative P. syringae bacteria showed the presence of lysis zones up to 17 and 25 mm, respectively, in contrast to their complete or complete absence (2 mm), noted in the study of control samples. A study of the resistance of CeO2 NP-enriched culture of R. glutinis to natural inhibitors of the digestive tract showed resistance of microorganisms to gastric juice (the amount of CFU is 1,4 times higher than control values) and bile (recorded a 5-fold increase in survival of microorganisms). The obtained results testify to the prospects of using nanocerium for mobilization of growth, enzymatic, antagonistic activities of R. glutinis culture.

scholarly journals Biologically active substances from Achillea nobilis L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
А.S. Kishkentayeva ◽  
◽  
S.N. Mantler ◽  
М.М. Zhakanov ◽  
S.М. Adekenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

The review summarizes data on biologically active compounds of Achillea nobilis L. and methods of their isolation. From Achillea nobilis L., collected in different places of growth, the following have been isolated: essential oil, the main components of which are monoterpene compounds; sesquiterpene lactones estafiatin, hanphyllin, anobin, chrysartemine A, canin, anolide and tanapartin-β-peroxide; the steroid acetyleucanbin; flavonoids: 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone and 5,3’-di-hydroxy-3,6,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone. It has been determined that the component composition of the essen-tial oil of Achillea nobilis L. largely depends on the soil and climatic factors in the places of its growth, the phase of the growing season and the method of its extraction from plant raw materials, and the extractant used (chloroform, ethanol, hot water, diethyl ether). Antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic activi-ties are characteristic both for the sums of extractive substances from Achillea nobilis L. and for individual compounds isolated from them. Methods for the isolation of biologically active substances from Achillea nobilis L. for the development of new drug substances are described. The main aim of this work was a com-parative analysis of the available research results on the phytochemical study of Achillea nobilis L.

scholarly journals Diversity of Eleutherococcus genus in respect of biologically active compounds accumulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bączek
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Eleutheroside B

Summary Eight species of Eleutherococcus genus grown at Rogów Arboretum collection were compared in respect of biologically active compounds accumulation, i.e. eleutheroside B and E, phenolic acids and sterols. For the determination of content of these compounds in underground organs and stem bark high performance liquid chromatography was applied. The highest content of the sum of eleutherosides B and E was observed in underground organs and stem bark of E. leucorrhizus (322.0 and 300.8 mg × 100 g-1, respectively) and E. nodiflorus (218.9 and 363.5 mg × 100g-1, respectively). In the raw materials from E. senticosus, the content of these compounds was significantly lower (177.4 and 159.3 mg × 100 g-1, respectively). E divaricatus and E. setchuenensis were characterized by the lowest accumulation of these compounds in underground organs whereas E. divaricatus, E. sessiliflorus and E. giraldii - in stem bark. Four phenolic acids were identified in the investigated species, namely: chlorogenic, rosmarinic, ferulic and caffeic acids. The main phenolic acid in the analyzed species was chlorogenic acid. The content of this compound in underground organs varied from 102.1 (E. henryi) to 958.7 mg × 100 g-1 (E. leucorrhizus) and in stem bark from 26.7 (E. giraldii) to 542.5 mg × 100 g-1 (E. setchuenensis). The content of identified sterol compounds (sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside /eleutheroside A / campesterol, stigmasterol) was relatively low, but higher in underground organs in comparison with stem bark.

Resazurin Method for Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Cranberry Extracts Using the Metabolic Activity of a ΔSOD1 Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Under Severe Osmotic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Agata Święciło ◽  
Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Alcohol Water

Abstract Background: In addition to nutrients, plant raw materials for food production should also contain substances with beneficial biological properties, which unquestionably include antioxidant compounds. Among the numerous methods of determining the antioxidant properties of samples of plant material, biological methods that provide information about not only the in vivo antioxidant potential of samples but also their metabolism and bioavailability are increasingly valued. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the antioxidant properties of extracts from large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) obtained from different producers. Methods: Biologically active compounds were extracted from cranberry fruits using water alone and ethyl alcohol–water in proportions of 1+1 and 4+1 (v/v) as solvents. The following were determined in the extracts: content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, total antioxidant capacity based on reduction of the ABTS+• [2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical cation, and antioxidant properties as reflected by the growth of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δsod1 mutant in a liquid hypertonic environment. The growth parameters of this Δsod1 mutant, monitored by a method exploiting a color reaction with resazurin, reflected the antioxidant properties of the extracts. Results: The ethanol–water cranberry extracts showed higher content of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and total antioxidants expressed as Trolox equivalent, determined on the basis of ABTS+• reduction. Conclusions: The antioxidant properties determined by the bioassay did not respond strongly to the data obtained in the in vitro chemical and biochemical assays, because they were more closely associated with the batch of fruit than with the type of solvent used to extract phytochemicals.

scholarly journals The Use of Ultrasound in the Extraction of Biologically Active Compounds from Plant Raw Materials, Used or promising for Use in Medicine (Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-116
Author(s):  
A. A. Elapov ◽  
N. N. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. I. Marakhova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Ultrasonic Extraction ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

Introduction. This review examines the current state of technology for ultrasonic isolation of biologically active components from medicinal vegetal raw materials. The main emphasis is placed on "green" technologies that intensify the processes of isolation of components such as flavonoids.Text. Modern technologies imply the use of combined methods, including, in addition to ultrasound, significant grinding of raw materials before the extraction process, the use of supercritical solvents (liquefied gases) under excessive pressure. The effect of ultrasound power and temperature on the output of the extracted components was also considered.Conclusion. 1. To increase the yield of biologically active compounds from plant raw materials among various physical methods of extraction intensification, the use of ultrasound dominates. 2. Ultrasonic extraction can be divided into several main types: extraction in an ultrasonic bath, the use of submersible ultrasonic emitters, as well as the combination of ultrasonic extraction with additional types of influence. 3. In the literature, examples of the use of ultrasonic extraction for the isolation of phenolic compounds are most fully presented, it being noted that the parameters need to be selected individually for each individual plant. 4. The power of ultrasound and the nature of the extractant can affect the course of oxidative processes in the extract, and such phenomena are characteristic not only for too high capacities, but also for low ones. 5. Ultrasound can significantly increase the yield of biologically active compounds even in aqueous extraction of fresh raw materials. 6. The spectrum of extractants selection for ultrasonic extraction of plant raw materials is quite large. Both organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone) and water can be used, as well as mixtures of various extractants.

scholarly journals Chromato-mass spectroscopy of tinctures of Valeriana officinalis aerial part

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
V. M. Odyntsova ◽  
V. I. Kokitko ◽  
V. H. Korniievska ◽  
Yu. I. Korniievskyi ◽  
Ye. O. Karpun
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis

Underground Valerian roots (Vаlеrіаnае radix) are officinal raw materials. More than 1000 compounds were detected in Valeriana officinalis L. s.l., of which no less than 500 natural substances of organic and inorganic origin were identified, among them – carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, phenolic compounds, essential oil, iridoids, alkaloids, steroids. The aerial part of Valerian is a source of various flavonoids with pronounced antioxidant properties and specific pharmacotherapeutic activity. The aim of the research is to determine, by means of gas chromatography, component composition of Valerian tinctures, made of the aerial part of V. tuberosa L., V. stolonifera Czern (Kantserivska balka, Zaporizhzhia region, Ukraine) and V. officinalis L. (Łódź, Bydgoszcz, Poland). Materials and methods. Tincture samples of the aerial part of wild species V. tuberosa L., V. stolonifera Czern (Kantserivska balka, Zaporizhzhia region), and V. officinalis L. (the experimental site of ZSMU; Łódź and Bydgoszcz in Poland) were selected for experimental studies according to the traditional production recipe for making tinctures (1 : 5). Component composition of the tinctures was studied using a 7890B gas chromatograph with a 5977B mass spectrometer detector. Results. By means of chromato-mass spectrometry, component composition of the Valerian tinctures has been identified, namely: in the tincture prepared from the aerial part of V. officinalis (Łódź, Poland) 54 components have been identified, V. tuberosa – 50; V. stolonifera – 46 and V. officinalis (Bydgoszcz, Poland) – 30. The chromatogram analysis of four Valerian tinctures helped to identify 118 components, 5 of which were present in all studied tinctures; 12 components were present in three tinctures; 22 components have been found in two tinctures. It should be noted that 10 components have been found in the tinctures in large quantities, their content ranging from 10.91 % to 30.02 %. Conclusions. Analyzing the obtained data of the GC, it can be seen that Valerian tinctures differ both in quantitative and qualitative composition. From the aerial part of Valeriana officinalis, prepared in Łódź and Bydgoszcz in Poland, 17 components coincide. In the tinctures, prepared from herbs collected in Ukraine, 10 components coincide. The highest content of Butanoic acid, 3-methyl – from 4.01 % to 16.78 %; 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- – from 0.47 % to 7.09 %; Dihydroxyacetone – from 0.37 % to 5.69 % and Quinic acid – from 0.30 % to 4.66 % in all four tinctures by peak areas and retention time should be marked. In three tinctures Cyclododecane, 1,5,9-tris(acetoxy)- has been identified in amount of 30.56 % to 14.56 %. The obtained results confirm the expediency of using the aerial part of Valeriana officinalis as raw material with a large commodity yield and various contents of biologically active substances for further pharmacognostic researches for the purpose of creation of new medicines and phytopreparations

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTENT OF POLYPHENOLS IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RAW MATERIAL IRIS SIBIRICA L. STAR VARIETY IN COMPARISON WITH INTACT PLANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Alekseevna Antipova ◽  
Lyudmila Evdokimovna Kudrikova ◽  
Lyudmila Ivanovn Tikhomirova ◽  
Natalya Grigoryevna Bazarnova ◽  
Marina Yurievna Cheprasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Growing Conditions

Cultivation of plant raw materials in artificial conditions will inevitably lead to a change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of secondary metabolites in comparison with the composition of plants obtained in soil conditions. The study of the metabolic profile of such plants is very important on the one hand for our understanding of temporal (ontogenetic) and spatial changes in the metabolome of plants, on the other hand in the applied plan to obtain an alternative quality medicinal plant raw materials. In this regard, the aim of this study was to study the content of phenolic compounds in biotechnological raw materials Iris sibirica Grade Стерх in comparison with intact plants. As objects of study used plants propagated mikrokanale (regenerants), which were further grown under conditions of hydroponics (hydroponic). Intact plants were harvested in the field at the age of six years. As a result of research in raw materials Iris sibirica Grade Стерх, grown under different conditions, were found following a group of biologically active compound (БАС), corresponding to the genus Iris L.: fenilpropionovoy acid (Komarova and ferulic acid and their derivatives), flavonoids (glycosides of apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glycoside), isoflavones, and phenolic acids (vanillic acid), neytralizuya flavonoids-glycosides (glycosides of kaempferol and apigenin), stilbene. The qualitative composition of biologically active compounds of Iris sibirica Стерх depended on the growing conditions, while the biotechnological raw materials (hydroponic plants) are the closest to intact plants in terms of the content of biologically active compounds.  This allows us to consider the biotechnology of obtaining the raw material Iris sibirica L. based on hydroponic cultivation coupled with the micropropagation in an alternative way.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH OF THE SPECTRUM OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE FLAVONOIDS GRASS HYPERICUM PERFORA-TUM L. FLORA OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

2017 ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Ландыш (Landysh) Завдетовна (Zavdetovna) Хуснетдинова (Khusnetdinova) ◽  
Антон (Anton) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) Акулов (Akulov) ◽  
Светлана (Svetlana) Алексеевна (Alekseevna) Дубровная (Dubrovnaya)
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of the study of the dependence of the flavonoid content of the herb Hypericum perforatum L., from growth conditions of cenopopulations in various ecological, cenotic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Plant biocenosis were considered – meadows, Border of broadleaf and pine forest or artificial planting of pine. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids in the herb of  Hypericum perforatum was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography. In studying water-alcohol extracts of H. perforatum L.  flavonoids – rutin, quercetin, bisapigenin were identified by HPLC analysis. It is shown that the ecological, cenotic conditions of growth of Hypericum perforatum affect the quantitative content of phenolic compounds. It has been established that in investigated cenopopulations in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, rutin is the dominant flavonoid in medicinal plant raw materials. Maximum amount of this compound detected in the samples of Hypericum perforatum confined to the pine  biocenosis of Tukaevsky and Drozhzhanovsky districts under significant quantity level of quercetin. In all variants of the experiment, bisapiginin was detected in small amounts. Plants of Hypericum perforatum, grow in different plant  biocenosis differed in the various contents of the compounds of the phenolic complex, which is probably due to the ecological, cenotic and climatic conditions of growth. 

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.

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