Effect of a DPP-4 Inhibitor on Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Associated Root Resorption

Objectives. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus and have also recently been applied to enhance bone quality and density, and increase the expression of bone markers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and related root resorption in a mouse model. Materials and Methods. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: those undergoing OTM with the addition of a DPP-4 inhibitor (30 μg), those undergoing OTM and receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and those without force loading (control group). OTM was achieved by means of a nickel–titanium closed coil spring that moved the first molar in a mesial direction for 12 days. The distance of OTM was measured using silicone impression. Maxillae were removed for histological analysis or real-time PCR analysis. Results. The distance of OTM and the number of osteoclasts were significantly decreased after administration of the DPP-4 inhibitor, which also significantly suppressed the number of odontoclasts and root resorption after OTM. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) were decreased in DPP-4 inhibitor-treated mice compared with those receiving PBS and control animals. Conclusion. The DPP-4 inhibitor inhibited tooth movement and associated root resorption by blocking the formation of osteoclasts and odontoclasts, respectively. It also appeared to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and odontoclastogenesis by suppressing the expression of TNF-α and/or RANKL.

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Root morphology can be a risk factor for periodontal damage and root resorption in orthodontic movement

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v16i0.8651188 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ewerton Zaniboni ◽

Mário Vedovello Filho ◽

Mauro Pedrine Santamaria ◽

Maria Aparecida Neves Jardini ◽

Maria Fernanda Martins-Ortiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Movement ◽

And Control ◽

Cervical Level

Aim: The study evaluated, using histomorphometry, the percentage of hyaline area in periodontal ligament (PDL) and root resorption in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Methods: Ten rats were divided into two groups. G3 Group (n=5), with 3 days of OTM and G7 Group (n=5), with 7 days of OTM. A Control Group (n=5) consisted of contralateral teeth of each animal, which were not moved. Maxillary left first molar was moved, using stainless steel spring connected to the incisors with 40g force. Microscopic analysis was done in transversal sections of the mesiovestibular (MV) and distovestibular (DV) roots in the cervical level. Results: There was a PDL hyaline area in the DV root of 6.2% in G3 and 1.8% in G7. The root resorption area in G7 was 0.9%. On MV root and Control Group were not found occurrences of hyaline areas in PDL and no root resorption. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, it might be concluded that smaller roots showed higher frequency of hyaline areas and root resorption.

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Is Inflammation a Friend or Foe for Orthodontic Treatment?: Inflammation in Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption and Accelerating Tooth Movement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2388

Author(s):

Masaru Yamaguchi ◽

Shinichi Fukasawa

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Orthodontic Forces ◽

Necrosis Factor

The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the role of inflammation in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (AOTM) in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is stimulated by remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. These remodeling activities and tooth displacement are involved in the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the periodontium, in response to orthodontic forces. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), interleukins (Ils; IL-1, -6, -17), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α superfamily, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) are increased in the PDL during OTM. OIIRR is one of the accidental symptoms, and inflammatory mediators have been detected in resorbed roots, PDL, and alveolar bone exposed to heavy orthodontic force. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators are involved with the occurrence of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. On the contrary, regional accelerating phenomenon (RAP) occurs after fractures and surgery such as osteotomies or bone grafting, and bone healing is accelerated by increasing osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently, tooth movement after surgical procedures such as corticotomy, corticision, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation might be accelerated by RAP, which increases the bone metabolism. Therefore, inflammation may be involved in accelerated OTM (AOTM). The knowledge of inflammation during orthodontic treatment could be used in preventing OIIRR and AOTM.

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The effect of autologous leukocyte platelet rich fibrin on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: A prospective randomized clinical trial

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/ejd.ejd_424_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (03) ◽

pp. 350-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Azita Tehranchi ◽

Hossein Behnia ◽

Fereydoun Pourdanesh ◽

Parsa Behnia ◽

Nelson Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Extraction Socket ◽

Effect Model ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LPRF, placed in extraction sockets, on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Materials and Methods: Thirty extraction sockets from eight patients (five males, three females, with a mean age of 17.37 years; range 12–25 years) requiring extraction of first premolars based on their orthodontic treatment plan participated in this split-mouth clinical trial. In one randomly selected quadrant of each jaw, the extraction socket was preserved as the experimental group by immediate placement of LPRF in the extraction socket. The other quadrant served as the control group for secondary healing. Immediately, the teeth adjacent to the defects were pulled together by a NiTi closed-coil spring with constant force. A piece of 0.016 × 0.022-inch stainless steel wire was used as the main arch wire. The amount of OTM was measured on the study casts at eight time points with 2-week intervals for 3 months. Analysis of random effect model was performed for the purpose of comparison between the experimental and control groups. Results: According to the random effect model, a statistically significant difference was found between the experimental and control group in rate of OTM (P = 0.006). Conclusion: According to the results, application of LPRF, as an interdisciplinary approach combining orthodontics and surgery, may accelerate OTM, particularly in extraction cases.

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Effect of Methotrexate Injection on Orthodontic Tooth Movement: An Experimental Study on Rats

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/8451522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Amin Golshah ◽

Khaled Omidi ◽

Nafiseh Nikkerdar ◽

Hedaiat Moradpoor ◽

Fatemeh Ghorbani

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Control Group

Introduction. Knowledge about the effects of medications, vitamins, and various supplements on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is imperative for orthodontists. This study aimed to assess the effect of methotrexate (MTX) injection on OTM in rats. Materials and Methods. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n = 7). The first molar and central incisor were connected using a nickel-titanium (NiTi) coil spring with a 50 g load in each rat. The two experimental groups received 0.75 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg MTX, respectively, intraperitoneally for 21 days. The negative control group did not receive any injection and did not undergo orthodontic treatment. The positive control group underwent orthodontic treatment and received 0.9% saline (NaCl) injections for 21 days. All rats were sacrificed with chloroform inhalation after 21 days; their maxilla was resected, and the mean number of Howship’s lacunae, blood vessels, osteoclasts, and resorption lacunae was counted. The reduction in bone volume (bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV)) at the site of the maxillary molar was quantified by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Results. OTM, the number of osteoclasts, and the number of blood vessels significantly increased in rats treated with MTX ( P < 0.05 ). However, the increase in the number of Howship’s lacunae and resorption lacunae was not significant ( P > 0.05 ). Lower BV/TV in the MTX groups was in agreement with the increased number of osteoclasts. Conclusion. Injection of MTX can significantly increase OTM and decrease root resorption in rats.

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Effects of Gradually Increasing Force Generated by Permanent Rare Earth Magnets for Orthodontic Tooth Movement

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/071805-237 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 1004-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ryo Tomizuka ◽

Hiroyasu Kanetaka ◽

Yoshinaka Shimizu ◽

Akihiro Suzuki ◽

Kaoru Igarashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract Objective: To examine the effects of gradually increasing force generated by permanent rare earth magnets for orthodontic tooth movement by using a novel experimental rat model and computer simulation. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five male rats (age 18 weeks) were used as animal experiments. Magnetic (experimental groups) or titanium (control group) cuboids (1.5 × 1.5 × 0.7 mm) were bonded to the lingual surface of the maxillary first molars. The initial distance between materials was 1.0 mm, generating 4.96 gf (experimental group I), or 1.5 mm, generating 2.26 gf (experimental group II). Tooth movement was measured and periodontal structures were observed with microfocus x-ray computed tomography radiographs. Results: The distance between the magnets decreased with time in experimental groups I and II (P < .001), whereas there was no tooth displacement in the control group. Experimental group I showed rapid tooth movement in the initial phase followed by slower tooth movement. Experimental group II showed gradual tooth movement. Horizontal sections on microfocus computed tomgraphy radiographs revealed no pathological changes, such as root resorption, on the compressed side in the experimental groups. Conclusions: The initial light force and gradual increasing force in magnetic attractive force induced effective tooth movement in rats without inducing any pathological changes.

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The effect of red wine extract, resveratrol, on the degree and rate of orthodontic tooth movement in guinea pigs

APOS Trends in Orthodontics ◽

10.4103/2321-1407.163416 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 181-189

Author(s):

Isidro Alex C. Urriquia ◽

Lotus D. Llavore

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pigs ◽

Low Dose ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Male Adult ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

ObjectiveAn animal trial, its protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the U.P. National Institutes of Health (IACUC Protocol No. 2010-008), was employed to investigate the effects of resveratrol on the degree and rate of orthodontic tooth movement in guinea pigs.Materials and MethodsEighteen male adult guinea pigs were randomly allocated into 3 groups: low dose, high dose, and control groups. A 0.016″ titanium molybdenum alloy wire formed into a helical torsion spring with a coil, with the loops cemented onto the maxillary incisors of the animals, served as the orthodontic appliance. Daily oral administration of resveratrol was provided to the low dose (0.047 mg/kg) and high dose (0.47 mg/kg) groups, while water was provided to the control group. Measurements were taken everyday at the interproximal area at the level of the incisal edge using a measuring caliper.ResultsThe results of the ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences in the mean measurements of tooth separation among the three groups from day 2 (P=0.966) to day 8 (P=0.056). However, starting from day 9 (P=0.049) until day 18 (P=0.000), there was a significant difference in the mean tooth separation among the test groups.ConclusionUsing the LSD, it was noted that the low dose and the high dose groups have similar degrees of mean tooth separation, with the control group being significantly different from the two.

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Vibratory stimulation in non-growing patients and its effect on the orthodontic tooth movement

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20214935 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Tanushree Sharma ◽

Ankita Gupta ◽

Aseem Sharma ◽

Pulkit Vaid ◽

Kamlesh Singh

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Vibratory Stimulation ◽

Movement Rate ◽

Canine Retraction ◽

And Control ◽

Tooth Movement Rate ◽

The Impact

Background: Objectives of the study were to determine the impact of vibratory stimulation in non-growing patients on the orthodontic tooth movement rate and to differentiate the orthodontic tooth movement rate in both experimental and control sides.Methods: 30 non-growing patients were selected for a split-mouth study with fixed appliance therapy orthodontic treatment undergoing bilateral first premolar extractions in maxillary arch. Type 1 active tiebacks were used to perform single canine retraction in all the patients. Vibratory stimulation was provided for 15 minutes daily with the help of Oral-B battery powered toothbrushes of 125 Hz frequency. Measurement was taken with calibrated digital vernier caliper clinically and OPG were taken at regular time intervals using grid method for the tooth movement calculation.Results: P value obtained by statistical calculation shows non-significant results in both experimental and control sides in non-growing patients.Conclusions: Cyclic loading in non-growing patients with fixed orthodontic appliance shows no change in orthodontic tooth movement in experimental and control group.

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The effect of alveolar decortication on orthodontically induced root resorption

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/051819-344.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 524-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Po-Jung Chen ◽

Joy H. Chang ◽

Eliane H. Dutra ◽

Ahmad Ahmida ◽

Ravindra Nanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Root Volume ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the effect of alveolar decortication on orthodontically induced root resorption. Materials and Methods A total of 24 male Wistar rats (14 week old) were used. The rats were randomly divided into one of the following three groups: group 1 (control group), orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) for 2 weeks; group 2, OTM for 2 weeks + two alveolar decortications (2AD); group 3, OTM for 2 weeks + four alveolar decortications (4AD). The first molar was moved mesially for 2 weeks. Micro computed tomography was used to analyze root volume. In addition, histological sections were stained with Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) to quantify the osteoclast number. Results The buccal root volume in OTM + 4AD group was decreased by 8.92% and 6.11% when compared with the OTM-only group and OTM + 2AD group, respectively. Similarly, the other four root volumes in the OTM + 4AD group was decreased by 8.99% and 5.24% when compared with the OTM-only group and OTM + 2AD group, respectively. There was a decrease in buccal root density in the OTM + 4AD group by 4.66% and 3.56% when compared with the OTM-only group and the OTM + 2AD group, respectively. In addition, there was an increase in the number of osteoclasts by 195.73% and 98.74% in OTM + 4AD group in comparison with the OTM and OTM + 2AD group. Conclusions The amount of orthodontically induced root resorption was positively correlated with the extent of surgical injury used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.

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Inhibitory Effects of 4-Hexylresorcinol on Root Resorption Induced by Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10186313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 6313

Author(s):

Jun-Kyu Jang ◽

Dae-Won Kim ◽

Seong-Gon Kim ◽

Tae-Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Turnover Rate ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Experimental Group

Root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is caused by an imbalance between the bone turnover rate and applied mechanical stress. The administration of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) increases the bone turnover rate and factors associated with bone formation. Thus, 4HR may show protective activity against root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). A total of 40 rats (male: 20; female: 20) were included in this study, and the mandibular first molar was subjected to excessive orthodontic force. The experimental group (n = 20) received 12.8 mg/kg of 4HR every 2 weeks. The controls (n = 20) received a solvent without 4HR. Both groups had the same sex distribution. On Day 28 after the initiation of OTM, all the animals were sacrificed for micro-computed tomography analysis, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. The ratios of the root length and root volume to the total volume were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of OPG, RANKL, alkaline phosphatase, and Runx2 in the experimental group according to Western blotting were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). Their expression was mainly found in the periodontal ligament area. In conclusion, the administration of 4HR decreased the root resorption caused by OTM and increased the expression levels of OPG, RANKL, alkaline phosphatase, and Runx2.

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Effects of mesenchymal stem cell transfer on orthodontically induced root resorption and orthodontic tooth movement during orthodontic arch expansion protocols: an experimental study in rats

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjz035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 305-316

Author(s):

Nisa Gul Amuk ◽

Gokmen Kurt ◽

Erol Karsli ◽

Servet Ozcan ◽

Mustafa Burak Acar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Retention Period ◽

Molar Teeth ◽

And Control ◽

Expansion Period

Summary Objectives The aim was to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfer to periodontal ligament (PDL) on the inhibition and/or repair of orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) during and after arch expansion and on the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rate of the maxillary first molar teeth of rats. Material and methods Sixty Wistar rats were divided into three groups as the untreated group, MSC and control injections during the expansion period group (EMSC-EC), and MSC and control injections at the retention period group (RMSC-RC). Fifty grams of orthodontic force was applied to the maxillary first molar teeth of the rats for 14 days in the vestibular direction, and then, 20 days of retention was carried out. MSCs and control injections were performed every 3 days in the EC, RC, EMSC, and RMSC groups. At the end of the experiment, samples were prepared for OTM evaluation, mRNA expression analysis, micro-computed tomography measurements, cementum thickness calculations, and structural examinations. Results The amount of OTM in EMSC group was significantly higher than in EC group (P < 0.001). MSC transfer during the expansion and retention periods reduced the number of resorption lacunae, volumetric and linear resorptive measurements, and cyclooxygenase-2 and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) mRNA expression levels, and increased the osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression levels, OPG/RANKL ratio, and cementum thickness in the EMSC and RMSC groups. Conclusions MSC transfer to PDL during expansion increased the amount of OTM. Injection of MSC during the retention period was found to be slightly more effective in prevention and/or repair of OIRR than MSC transfer during the expansion period.

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