Factor and Cluster Analysis for TCM Syndromes of Real-World Metabolic Syndrome at Different Age Stage

Background. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the characteristics of multitarget and overall regulation, which has certain advantages in preventing and treating of metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the similarities and differences of TCM syndrome distribution in different age groups to promote the optimization of treatment strategies. Methods. This study was based on a real-world survey conducted in 3 hospitals in China. There are 1262 collected cases of MS meeting the inclusion criteria, which were divided into the young group, middle-aged group, and elderly group. Factor analysis (FA) was conducted for syndrome element extraction, and K-means cluster analysis was processed for syndrome type classification. Frequency analysis and Chi-square test were used to compare the syndrome characteristics of each group. Results. Common factors extracted were assigned to 18 syndrome elements including 11 nature syndrome elements and 7 location syndrome elements. Phlegm and dampness are the most frequent syndrome elements in general. Compared with the middle-aged group and elderly group, the young group has more obvious nature syndrome elements in heat and Qi deficiency, and location syndrome elements in the stomach. As for the middle-aged group, the frequency of location syndrome in kidney syndrome was higher than that in other groups. When it comes to the elderly group, it is shown that the symptoms of Yin deficiency and blood deficiency increase with age and the old patients may have more location syndrome elements in the lung and gallbladder. Conclusion. The TCM syndrome of MS is complex in that there may be the characteristics of deficiency and excess syndrome simultaneously. The main pathological factors of MS were phlegm and dampness. Besides, MS patients at different age periods may have their own syndrome distribution features. So, it is reasonable to adhere to the method of resolving phlegm and removing dampness and, at the same time, adopt the ways of clearing heat, promoting Qi, nourishing Yin, supplementing blood as well as regulating the liver, promoting the lung, transporting the spleen, nourishing the heart, and nourishing the kidney based on the syndrome feature of MS in different age stages.

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Correlation Between Blood Pressure Variability and Plasma Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone Levels in Patients With Essential Hypertension at Different Ages

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1093/ajh/hpaa039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 581-581

Author(s):

Cai-ni Fan ◽

Hai-ying Zhao ◽

Dan-dan Tian ◽

Hao Wang

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Blood Pressure Variability ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

The Elderly ◽

Young Group ◽

Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽

Elderly Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Aged Group

Abstract Background To study the correlation between blood pressure variability (BPV) and plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (AngII), aldosterone levels in patients with essential hypertension. Methods A total of 300 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were analyzed retrospectively. The subjects were divided into 3 age groups: 100 patients aged 18–44 years (young group), 110 patients aged 45–64 years (middle-aged group), and 90 patients aged over 65 years (elderly group). PRA, AngII, and aldosterone levels were assessed. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. The relationships between BP variability and the PRA, AngII, aldosterone levels were compared among the 3 groups. Results Supine and upright PRA and aldosterone levels were significantly higher in the young group than those in the middle-aged and elderly groups. The coefficient of variation (CV) of 24-hour systolic (24hSBPCV), diastolic BP (24hDBPCV), CV of daytime systolic (dSBPCV), diastolic (dDBPCV), and nighttime systolic BP (nSBPCV) in the elderly group was higher than those in the young group and the middle-aged group (all P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that in the young and middle-aged groups, BPV was significantly correlated with the levels of PRA, AngII, and aldosterone (all P < 0.05). In the elderly group however, only 24hDBPCV, nDBPCV, and nSBPCV were correlated with AngII and aldosterone levels (all P < 0.05). Conclusions BPV is correlated with plasma renin–angiotensin–aldosterone levels in young and middle-aged patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.

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Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid as Treatment in Elderly and Middle-Aged Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

The Open Rheumatology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874312901307010038 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 38-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Demet Uçar ◽

Demirhan Dıraçoğlu ◽

Türker Süleyman ◽

Nalan Çapan

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Elderly Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Old Patients ◽

Aged Group ◽

The Third ◽

Age Related ◽

One Year

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the most common age-related degenerative joint disease. It affects all the joints containing hyaline cartilage. Knee osteoarthritis is the most cumbersome in terms of prevalence and disability. The aim of this study to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid in patients with knee osteoarthritis with regard to joint pain and function, as well as patient satisfaction, assessed at one month and at one year, and by age group. Methods: In this prospective randomised study, 172 patients who were diagnosed knee OA and who received three consecutive intra-articular injections of HA weekly were included. Patients 65 years of age or older were accepted as the “elderly group”, and those under 65 were accepted as the “middle-aged group”. Clinical evaluations of efficacy and safety were conducted at the beginning of the study, one month after the third injection, and one year after the third injection. Results: In the two groups, the intragroup analysis revealed significant improvements following injection when compared with preinjection values. According to the last followup controls (after 12 months) in the middle-aged group, VAS activity pain, VAS rest pain, WOMAC physical function, and WOMAC pain values were found to be statistically lower when compared with pre-injection values. In the elderly group, no statistically significant differences were found between pre-injection and after 12 months. Conclusion: We can conclude that intra-articular joint HA injections are effective in both young and old patients with OA with regard to pain and functional status over a short-term period. Further, HA injections in patients younger than 65 years can be planned for a one-year period.

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Contact-Induced Vowel Variation: A Case Study of the Short High Vowels /i/ and /u/ in CVN Syllables in Lue and Khün

MANUSYA ◽

10.1163/26659077-01402004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 53-87

Author(s):

Phinnarat Akharawatthanakun

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Young Group ◽

Elderly Group ◽

Age Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Aged Group ◽

Language Resource ◽

Group 15 ◽

High Vowels

This paper presents the variation in the two short high vowels /i/ and /u/ occurring in live syllables ending with final nasal consonants (CVN) in two Southwestern Tai (SWT) dialects: Lue and Khün, respectively spoken in the villages of Nong Bua and Nong Muang in Pa Kha Subdistrict, Tha Wang Pha District, in Nan Province. The data were collected from Lue and Khün language resource persons (LRPs) in three age groups, an elderly group (60 years old and above), a middle-aged group (35–50 years old), and a young group (15–25 years old), with five LRPs in each age group. The data analyzed for this paper come from a total of 30 LRPs (5 LRPs × 3 age groups × 2 SWT dialects).

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Characteristic Movement of the Ribs, Thoracic Vertebrae while Elevating the Upper Limbs - Influences of Age and Gender on Movements

The Open Orthopaedics Journal ◽

10.2174/1874325001913010170 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 170-176

Author(s):

Hisayoshi Tachihara ◽

Junichiro Hamada

Keyword(s):

Young Group ◽

Thoracic Vertebrae ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Aged Group ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Shoulder Disorders ◽

Arm Elevation ◽

And Gender

Background: The rib cage, such as the thoracic spine and ribs, influences glenohumeral mobility and the development of shoulder disorders. Objective: To evaluate movements of the ribs, thoracic vertebrae during bilateral arm elevation and to clarify the characteristic influences of age and gender. Methods: Subjects comprised 33 healthy individuals divided into a young group (10 males, 7 females; mean age, 25 years) and a middle-aged group (8 males, 8 females; mean age, 52 years). Chest CT was performed with two arm positions: arms hanging downwards; and arms elevated at 160°. Images were three-dimensionally reconstructed to evaluate rib movement, extension angle of thoracic vertebrae. Results: Maximal movement was observed at the fifth rib, and rib movement decreased with increasing distance from the fifth rib in both the groups. In males, movement of the second to fourth ribs was smaller in the middle-aged group than in the young group (p < 0.05). Movement of the first to ninth ribs was smaller in females than in males (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the extension angle of the thoracic vertebrae was found. Conclusion: Fifth rib movement is the largest among all ribs during bilateral arm elevation. Reduction of upper rib movement initially arises as an age-related degradation in males. Women exhibit less rib movement during bilateral arm elevation.

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Common and Uncommon Imaging Appearances of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Young and Middle-Aged Group and Elderly Group

Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies ◽

10.18502/fbt.v8i2.6516 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alireza Mahmoudabadi ◽

Hamed Masoumi ◽

Mohammad Keshtkar ◽

Arash Azhideh ◽

Hamidreza Haghighatkhah

Keyword(s):

Pleural Effusion ◽

Ground Glass Opacity ◽

The Elderly ◽

Ct Images ◽

Elderly Group ◽

Wall Thickening ◽

Lung Region ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Aged Group ◽

Lower Lung

Purpose: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated chest Computed Tomography (CT) imaging manifestations of the patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to simplify prompt early diagnosis of disease and speed up needed actions for infected patients. Materials and Methods: Totally, 75 patients who laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in this study. CT images, demographic and some clinical data of all patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Furthermore, for comparison, the patients were divided into two groups as follows: the young and middle-aged group (< 60 years old) and the elderly group (≥ 60 years old). Results: Based on the evaluation of CT images, 33 patients (44%) showed Ground-Glass Opacity (GGO), 15 patients (20%) showed consolidation, 24 patients (32%) showed mixed GGO and consolidation, 2 patients (2.6%) had bronchial wall thickening, 10 patients (13.3%) had a crazy paving sign, 35 patients (46.6%) had air bronchogram and, 7 patients (9.3%) had cavitation and 2 patients (2.6%) had a tree in the bud. CT images of 3 patients (4%) were normal. In terms of out of lung changes, lymphadenopathy was observed in one patient (1.3%), pleural effusion in 12 patients (16%), and pericardial effusion in 2 patients (2.6%). Lesions were found predominantly in the peripheral (57.3%) and the lower lung region (60%). Conclusion: CT images of the COVID-19 patients showed various aspects, mainly GGO, consolidation, mixed GGO and consolidation, and air bronchogram. Lesion distribution was predominantly in lower lung region, bilateral and peripheral. Pleural effusion and multiple lobe involvement were significantly higher in the elderly group than that of the young and middle-aged group.

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The values of AHCY and CBS promoter methylation on the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in Chinese Han population

BMC Medical Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12920-020-00798-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaodong Li ◽

Shufang Bu ◽

Ran Ran Pan ◽

Cong Zhou ◽

Kun Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Promoter Methylation ◽

Methylation Level ◽

Young Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Aged Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract Background The goal of our study is to investigate whether the methylation levels of AHCY and CBS promoters are related to the risk of cerebral infarction by detecting the methylation level of AHCY and CBS genes. Methods We extracted peripheral venous blood from 152 patients with cerebral infarction and 152 gender- and age-matched healthy controls, and determined methylation levels of AHCY and CBS promoters using quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. We used the percentage of methylation reference (PMR) to indicate gene methylation level. Results We compared the promoter methylation levels of two genes (AHCY and CBS) in peripheral blood DNA between the cerebral infarction case group and the control group. Our study showed no significant difference in AHCY promoter methylation between case and control. Subgroup analysis by gender showed that the methylation level of AHCY in males in the case group was lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant in females. In a subgroup analysis by age, there was no significant difference in the AHCY methylation level between the case and control in the young group (≤44 years old). However, the level of AHCY gene methylation in the middle-aged group (45–59 years old) was significantly higher and the aged group (≥60 years old) was significantly lower than that in the control groups. However, CBS promoter methylation levels were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (median PMR: 70.20% vs 104.10%, P = 3.71E-10). In addition, the CBS methylation levels of males and females in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group (male: 64.33% vs 105%, P = 2.667E-08; female: 78.05% vs 102.8%, P = 0.003). We also found that the CBS levels in the young (23–44), middle-aged (45–59), and older (60–90) groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (young group: 69.97% vs 114.71%; P = 0.015; middle-aged group: 56.04% vs 91.71%; P = 6.744E-06; older group: 81.6% vs 119.35%; P = 2.644E-04). Our ROC curve analysis of CBS hypomethylation showed an area under the curve of 0.713, a sensitivity of 67.4%, and a specificity of 74.0%. Conclusion Our study suggests that hypomethylation of the CBS promoter may be closely related to the risk of cerebral infarction and may be used as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for cerebral infarction.

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The influence of age on the GH–IGF1 axis in patients with acromegaly

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-08-0243 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 159 (4) ◽

pp. 375-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Keiji Tanimoto ◽

Naomi Hizuka ◽

Izumi Fukuda ◽

Kazue Takano ◽

Toshiaki Hanafusa

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

The Elderly ◽

Young Group ◽

Elderly Group ◽

Age Difference ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Clinical Complications ◽

Medical University ◽

Serum Gh

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of age on GH and IGF1 axis, and complications in patients with acromegaly.Subjects and methodsFrom the medical records, we retrospectively analyzed clinical features and complications in 87 newly diagnosed patients with active acromegaly (34 males, 53 females; aged 18–82 years) who were admitted to Tokyo Women's Medical University between 1999 and 2006. We divided the patients into three groups according to age: ≤30 years old (young group), 31–60 years old (middle-aged group), and ≥61 years old (elderly group).ResultsThe median GH levels in young, middle-aged, and elderly groups were 18.5, 8.8, and 6.7 μg/l respectively, and the IGF1 levels were 810, 717, and 740 μg/l respectively. The values were not significantly different among the groups. However, the serum IGF1 SDS were significantly higher in the elderly group (10.2) than those in young and middle-aged groups (6.6 and 6.2 respectively, P<0.001). The age difference in the higher IGF1 SDS was remarkable in female patients. In the elderly group, glucose intolerance and hypertension were found in 94 and 53% of the patients respectively and the incidences were higher than those in the other groups.ConclusionThis study suggests that the relatively high IGF1 secretions in elderly patients might be involved in the progression of clinical complications in acromegalic patients. Therefore, awareness of the early symptoms and examination of serum GH and IGF1 are important for patients with acromegaly.

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Muscle microvascular adaptation and angiogenic gene induction in response to exercise training are attenuated in middle-aged rats

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep150007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

J. Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Young Group ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Aged Rats ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Vegf Mrna ◽

Aged Group ◽

Exercise Induced

This study was designed to investigate exercise-induced changes in muscle capillarisation, the mRNA expression of angiogenic genes, and microRNA levels in young and middle-aged rats. Rats in the training groups were subjected to treadmill running 5 days a week for 3 weeks. The exercise protocol for the young (12-week old) group was 20-25 m/min, 40-60 min/day with a gradient of 15%, and for the middle-aged (12-month old) group was 18-20 m/min, 40-60 min/day with a gradient of 5%. The enzyme histochemical identification of capillary profiles was performed on cross-sections of gastrocnemius muscle. Total RNA was isolated, reverse transcription was performed, and mRNA and microRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR. The capillary-to-fibre ratio was significantly increased by exercise training in the young group (by 10%), but only slightly in the middle-aged (by 5%) group. Vascular endothecial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels were at significantly higher values after acute exercise (1.6-fold) and the 3-week training protocol (1.9-fold) in the young group, but not in the middle-aged group. VEGF protein expression levels were significantly increased after training in the young group only. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, VEGF-R2 and thrombospondin-1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in the middle-aged group than in the young group. Anti-angiogenic miR-195 levels were significantly enhanced by exercise training in the middle-aged group only. These results indicated that the exercise-induced adaptation of muscle capillarity was attenuated in middle-aged rats, possibly by the lower induction of VEGF and up-regulation of anti-angiogenic miRNA expression.

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Clinical Features and Survival of Young Adults with Stage IV Gastric Cancer: A Japanese Population-based Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-573767/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ryuya Yamamoto ◽

Michitaka Honda ◽

Hidetaka Kawamura ◽

Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽

Koichi Takiguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prognostic Factor ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Young Group ◽

Population Based ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Poor Prognostic Factor ◽

Aged Group

Abstract Purpose: With the aging of society, the age of patients with gastric cancer (GC) in Japan has been increasing. However, there are few documented outcomes for young patients with stage IV GC. We investigated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with stage IV GC aged under 40 years using a dataset from an integrated population-based cohort study.Methods: We conducted this multicenter population-based cohort study to determine whether earlier onset of GC was a poor prognostic factor. We enrolled patients with metastatic GC aged under 40 years (young group) and those aged between 60 and 75 years (middle-aged group). Patients were histologically diagnosed as having gastric adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the overall survival (OS) of both groups and the hazard ratio (HR) for OS based on age. The adjusted HR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for confounding factors, including sex, histology, number of metastatic lesions, surgical resection, and chemotherapy.Results: This study enrolled 555 patients. The patients were classified into the young group (n=20) and the middle-aged group (n=535). The median OS values were 5.7 months and 8.8 months in the young and middle-aged groups, respectively (P=0.029). The adjusted HR (95% CI) of the young group was 1.88 (1.17–3.04, P=0.009).Conclusions: Age was an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage IV GC. Further studies investigating the genomic characteristics of GC and exploring more effective chemotherapeutic agents are required.

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Effect of aging on permeability of cockerel aorta to 125I-albumin

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1980.239.5.h642 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 239 (5) ◽

pp. H642-H650 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. D. Ezekowitz ◽

K. H. Parker ◽

N. Salpidoru ◽

R. C. Oxenham

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Surface Area ◽

Intravenous Injection ◽

Cholesterol Content ◽

Young Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Aged Group ◽

Area X ◽

In Vivo Uptake

The in vivo uptake of 125I-albumin (A), containing < 1% free iodide, by the cockerel aorta 10-243 min after intravenous injection was quantitatively studied in 22 normotensive normolipemic anesthetized cockerels, Uptake initially was rapid and linear with time (T) (10-37 min), thereafter slowing and approaching an equilibrium with the blood. The permeability of the wall (Pm) to A was defined as accumulated wall activity/mean blood activity X endothelium surface area X T from intravenous injection to death of animal for T in the range 10-37 min. Pm was determined in the young group, age 197 +/- 51 days (means +/- SD; n = 6), which represented cockerels close to puberty, and compared to a middle-aged group, age 591 +/- 15 days (n = 5). Pm in the older group, 1.5 X 10(-6) +/- 0.218 ml . cm-2 . s-1 (means +/- 1 SE) was twofold greater than the younger group, 0.813 X 10(-6) +/- 0.046 (P < 0.0001). Total cholesterol content, within the wall in 12 different animals, was unchanged over the period 130-320 days. It is concluded that Pm to A increases with age as part of a physiological process. This finding should be considered in any model of atherosclerosis.

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