scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Heterogeneous Dynamic Incidence of Oral Cancer: A Comparison between Taiwan and Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Pallop Siewchaisakul ◽  
Pongdech Sarakarn ◽  
Patravoot Vatanasapt ◽  
Sam Li-Sheng Chen ◽  
Amy Ming-Fang Yen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Change Points ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Cancer Registry Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Two Populations

Background. This study aims at investigating differences in oral cancer (OC) incidence trends between two populations in Taiwan and Thailand. Methods. We used the population-based cancer registry data from Taiwan (1979-2016) and Khon Kaen (KK), Thailand (1985-2016). We performed joinpoint analyses to detect the trend change points for the OC incidence and to quantify the time trends in both sexes and regions. Age-period-cohort curves were plotted to explain the incidence trends. Results. In Taiwan, the estimated annual increases in OC were approximately 6.0% in males, although the increase slowed after 2009, and 2.6% in females. In KK, the OC incidence steadily decreased by -2.5% per year in females, but there was no obvious change in males. A strong period effect observed in those aged 45-69 years in Taiwanese males resulted in a peak incidence in the middle age group. Decreased period and cohort effects were observed in females in KK. Conclusions. Taiwanese males are the predominant sex affected by OC in Taiwan, and the trend has decelerated since 2009. Age, period, and cohort effects were different between males and females in the two regions.

scholarly journals Changes in Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure to the Ocular Region: A Population-Based Study

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Weis ◽  
Sebastian Q. Vrouwe ◽  
David B. LeBaron ◽  
Matthew B. Parliament ◽  
Jerry Shields ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Males And Females

In contrast to the well-established association between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and skin cancers, the relationship between UVR and uveal malignant melanoma (UM) remains controversial. To address this controversy, we evaluated the incidence rates of cutaneous malignancies in the eyelids as a proxy for UVR exposure in the ocular region using a population-based cancer registry. Overall, 74,053 cases of eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 7890 cases of melanoma over a 26-year period (1982–2007) were analyzed. The incidence of eyelid basal cell carcinoma and uveal melanoma remained stable, whereas other cutaneous areas demonstrated an increase in the rates. A comparability test demonstrated that BCC incidence trends were significantly different between the eyelid versus both chronically exposed (males p = 0.001; females p = 0.01) and intermittently exposed skin (males and females, p = 0.0002), as well as the skin of the face (males p = 0.002; females p = 0.02). Similarly, melanoma trends were significantly different between the UM group versus both chronically exposed cutaneous melanoma (CM) (males p = 0.001; females p = 0.04) and intermittently exposed CM (males p = 0.005), as well as facial skin CM (males and females p = 0.0002). The discrepancy of cancer incidence between tumors in the peri-ocular region versus the rest of the body suggests that the peri-ocular region might have a different or unique exposure pattern to ultraviolet radiation.

scholarly journals Age specific incidence of five major cancers in Nepal, 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Kanta Poudel ◽  
Zhibi Huang ◽  
Prakash Raj Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Age Group ◽  
National Cancer Registry ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Population based cancer registry is inevitable to measure the indicators of cancer. This retrospective study was conducted to perform the age specific incidence and age standardized rate of cancer by sex, age and sites in Nepal, 2012. Materials and Methods: The data collected by hospital based National cancer registry programme of Nepal were used to calculate the age specific incidence of five major cancers by sex and sites. The age standardized rate of ten major cancers, both in males and females of 2012 was also performed.Results: The 70-74 years age group had the highest incidence rate (188.08) for men while for women the age group of 65-69 years had the highest incidence (140.61) per 100,000. For male, lung cancer had the highest incidence rate (4.45) whereas bladder had the lowest rate (0.98). Similarly for female, Cervix Uteri cancer had the highest incidence rate (5.35) whereas stomach had the lowest (1.06).Conclusion: This study presented that cancer was increased with age both in males and females. The leading cancer in males was bronchus and lung while in females it was cervix uteri.

scholarly journals An Age-Period-Cohort And Joinpoint Analysis Of Colorectal Cancer Incidence Trends in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam(1996-2015)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung X. Pham ◽  
An HT. Phung ◽  
Tung D. Bui ◽  
Linh D. Mai ◽  
Thach S. Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Cancer Registry Data

Abstract BackgroundLittle is known about the recent trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) in Vietnam.MethodsBased on the Ho Chi Minh City Cancer Registry data during 1996-2015, we calculated the annual rate of change (ARC) using Joinpoint regression analysis and performed the age-period-cohort (APC) analysis using the United States National Cancer Institute’s web-based statistical tool.ResultsDuring 1996-2015, the overall age-standardized incidence rate of CRC increased from 10.5 to 17.9 per 100,000. CRC incidence elevated more rapidly in men (ARC = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.2–7.3) than women (ARC = 2.6, 95% CI: 0.6–4.8). The highest and lowest increasing ASR observed in the 50-64 years old group (ARC = 5.3, 95% CI: 2.8–7.9) and <50 years old group (ARC = 1.1, 95% CI: -0.7 - 2.9), respectively. Regarding subsites, rectal cancer had the highest rate increase (ARC = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.0-5.7). Furthermore, the APC analysis indicated significant increases in CRC incidence of recent birth cohorts from 1976-1980 in either gender.ConclusionsThe CRC incidence in Ho Chi Minh City increased with the more prominent rising rates among men, older people, and rectal subsites. This study’s result implied the need of launching a population-based CRC screening program in Ho Chi Minh City.

scholarly journals Childhood cancer incidence in Canada: demographic and geographic variation of temporal trends (1992–2010)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xie ◽  
Jay Onysko ◽  
Howard Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Cancer Registry Data

Introduction Surveillance of childhood cancer incidence trends can inform etiologic research, policy and programs. This study presents the first population-based report on demographic and geographic variations in incidence trends of detailed pediatric diagnostic groups in Canada. Methods The Canadian Cancer Registry data were used to calculate annual age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) from 1992 to 2010 among children less than 15 years of age by sex, age and region for the 12 main diagnostic groups and selected subgroups of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC), 3rd edition. Temporal trends were examined by annual percent changes (APCs) using Joinpoint regression. Results The ASIRs of childhood cancer among males increased by 0.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.2–0.9) annually from 1992 to 2010, whereas incidence among females increased by 3.2% (CI = 0.4–6.2) annually since 2004 after an initial stabilization. The largest overall increase was observed in children aged 1–4 years (APC = 0.9%, CI = 0.4–1.3). By region, the overall rates increased the most in Ontario from 2006 to 2010 (APC = 5.9%, CI = 1.9–10.1), and increased non-significantly in the other regions from 1992 to 2010. Average annual ASIRs for all cancers combined from 2006 to 2010 were lower in the Prairies (149.4 per million) and higher in Ontario (170.1 per million). The ASIRs increased for leukemias, melanoma, carcinoma, thyroid cancer, ependymomas and hepatoblastoma for all ages, and neuroblastoma in 1–4 year olds. Astrocytoma decreased in 10–14 year olds (APC = −2.1%, CI = −3.7 to −0.5), and among males (APC = −2.4%, CI = −4.6 to −0.2) and females (APC = −3.7%, CI = −5.8 to −1.6) in Ontario over the study period. Conclusion Increasing incidence trends for all cancers and selected malignancies are consistent with those reported in other developed countries, and may reflect the changes in demographics and etiological exposures, and artefacts of changes in cancer coding, diagnosis and reporting. Significant decreasing trend for astrocytoma in late childhood was observed for the first time.

Forecasting U.K. Population Mortality Allowing for Age, Period and Cohort Effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Forfar
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Mortality Experience ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Population Mortality

ABSTRACTThe mortality data (registered deaths and population size) over the years 1961–2007 for the population of England and Wales and for Scotland were obtained from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and from the Scottish Registrar General. This paper addresses the following questions:(i) Is there statistical evidence for a cohort effect (i.e. a generation effect separate from the period effect) being present in the data?(ii) Do both males and females exhibit similar cohort (generation) effects?(iii) Are period effects (i.e. the improvement in mortality with time) more significant than cohort effects?(iv) How should one allow, in forecasts of population mortality, for age, period and cohort effects?(v) Is it sensible to combine male and female mortality experience to determine the period effect and the cohort effect?(vi) How do the forecasts for the expectation of life at birth, using the Extended-Lee–Carter-Combined (ELCC) model (described in the paper) differ from the (2008 based) Office of National Statistics (ONS) forecasts of the expectation of life at birth?

scholarly journals Thyroid Cancer Incidences From Selected South America Population-Based Cancer Registries: An Age-Period-Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Karin da Mota Borges ◽  
Adalberto Miranda-Filho ◽  
Sérgio Koifman ◽  
Rosalina Jorge Koifman
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Drift Model ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Rate Ratios

Purpose The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased substantially worldwide. However, there is a lack of knowledge about age-period-cohort (APC) effects on incidence rates in South American countries. This study describes the TC incidence trends and analyzes APC effects in Cali, Colombia; Costa Rica; Goiânia, Brazil; and Quito, Ecuador. Materials and Methods Data were obtained from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series, and the crude and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated. Trends were assessed using the estimated annual percentage change, and APC models were estimated using Poisson regression for individuals between age 20 and 79 years. Results An increasing trend in age-standardized incidence rates was observed among women from Goiânia (9.2%), Costa Rica (5.7%), Quito (4.0%), and Cali (3.4%), and in men from Goiânia (10.0%) and Costa Rica (3.4%). The APC modeling showed that there was a period effect in all regions and for both sexes. Increasing rate ratios were observed among women over the periods. The best fit model was the APC model in women from all regions and in men from Quito, whereas the age-cohort model showed a better fit in men from Cali and Costa Rica, and the age-drift model showed a better fit among men from Goiânia. Conclusion These findings suggest that overdiagnosis is a possible explanation for the observed increasing pattern of TC incidence. However, some environmental exposures may also have contributed to the observed increase.

scholarly journals Heritability of Health-Related Quality of Life: SF-12 Summary Scores in a Population-Based Nationwide Twin Cohort

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troels Steenstrup ◽  
Ole Birger Pedersen ◽  
Jacob Hjelmborg ◽  
Axel Skytthe ◽  
Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Danish Twin

Aim: The present study aims to estimate the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors for health-related quality of life (HRQL) measured by the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Methods: The study was based on two Danish twin cohorts (46,417 twin individuals) originating from the nationwide, population-based Danish Twin Registry. The twins were approached by a mailed-out questionnaire in 2002. The questionnaire included the SF-12, information on demographic factors, and questions on a variety of specific diseases. Heritability of the SF-12 includes the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS); and etiologically important variance components were estimated using multivariate biometric models. The respondents were stratified into six groups, based on age and sex. Results: A total of 33,794 (73%) individual twins responded to the survey. The SF-12 was completed by 29,619 individuals, which included 9,120 complete twin pairs. Overall, the best-fitting model explaining the variance of HRQL was the ACE model. The estimated heritability of the SF-12 was between 11% and 35%, whereas between 65% and 89% could be explained by unique environmental or stochastic factors in the different sex and age groups. The highest heritability was seen among older twins. In addition, the genetic correlation between MCS and PCS scores was low (0.07 and 0.23 for males and females, respectively) among younger and high (0.26 and 0.45 for males and females, respectively) in the oldest age group. Both the largest genetic influence on HRQL and the largest genetic overlap between the scores were seen in the oldest age group, which consisted of twins older than 55. The unique environmental correlation between MCS and PCS were generally negative. Conclusion: The heritability of HRQL differs between different age groups. In general, most of the variance in the SF-12 summary components was determined by unique environmental factors.

scholarly journals Oral cancer incidence trends in Delhi (1990–2014): An alarming scenario

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshuman Kumar ◽  
Gourav Popli ◽  
Sujeet Bhat ◽  
Sumedha Mohan ◽  
Avinash Sowdepalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Depth Analysis

Abstract Background: Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India, which accounts for over 30% of all cancers reported in the country, and oral cancer control is quickly becoming a global health priority. We have conducted an age period analysis of oral cancer incidence trends using the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) data in Delhi over a 24-year period (1990–2014) to address the trends of one of the leading cancer sites in Delhi. Materials and Methods: The data of oral cancer proportion and incidence for the year 1990–2014 were taken from Delhi PBCR which records cancer cases from more than 180 government and 250 private facilities. The data were segregated by sex, age, and anatomical site and were analyzed to calculate age-specific incidence rates and expressed in cases per 100,000 persons/year. Results: The highest incidence for both genders was seen in the age group 50–59 years and the lowest incidence for both genders was in youngest age group (<20 years) for all the years from 1990 to 2014. The relative proportion of oral cancer among all types of cancer in Delhi has shown alarming rise from the year 2003 onward. Conclusion: Increasing relative proportion of oral cancer can be implicated in increased consumption of gutkha chewers in the last decade of the 20th Century. As access to health-care services and cancer-related awareness is highly variable in India, more in-depth analysis of the incidence of oral cancer in rural regions will be required.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

Health Status of Senior Citizens: A Cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Beniwal ◽  
Chandrakala Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Average Health

Aging is a series of processes that begin with life and continue throughout the lifecycle. It represents the closing period in the lifespan, a time when the individual looks back on life, lives on past accomplishments and begins to finish off his life course. It represents the accumulation of changes in person over time. The study aims to investigate the health status of senior citizens. The present study was carried out in Hisar and Sirsa district of Haryana state. A total of 400 elderly equally representing both males and females of age group 65-70 years were selected randomly for the study. Modified inventory developed by Khan and Lal (2011) was used to assess health status of senior citizens. The results of the study elucidated that health status of senior citizens depicted that 54.25 per cent of the total respondents had average health status followed by good (25.25%) and poor health status (20.50%). The most common health problems reported by the senior citizens were joint pains, back pains, blood pressure, and chest pain etc. Gender wise comparison of total sample further pointed out that females were poor in their health against males.

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