scholarly journals Proinflammatory Cytokines and Leptin Are Increased in Serum of Prepubertal Obese Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Denizmen Aygun ◽  
Serdal Gungor ◽  
Bilal Ustundag ◽  
Metin K. Gurgoze ◽  
Yasar Sen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease

It has not yet been shown in prepubertal children how cytokines, leptin, and body mass, as well as parameters of obesity are interrelated. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between circulating levels of some cytokines with leptin and body mass index. A case control study was carried out in obese children of both sexes. An obese group was carried out with 63 school prepubertal children and a control group comprised the same number of nonobese children paired by age and by sex. Mean serum leptin concentration was significantly higher in the obese children at19.9±7.4ng/mL, than the control group (7.9±5.1ng/mL). Serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-αlevels were also significantly higher in the obese group than controls (33.0±8.9,45.2±11.8, and9.2±2.3pg/mL, versus3.6±1.0,13.1±3.9, and3.9±1.0pg/mL, resp). In controversy, serum IL-2 level was diminished in the obese group as0.4±0.1versus0.9±0.1U/L. Obesity may be a low-grade systemic inflammatory disease. Obese prepubertal children have elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-αwhich are known as markers of inflammation.

Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation in Children with Asthma and Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Niya A. Krasteva ◽  
Boiko R. Shentov ◽  
Adelaida L. Ruseva ◽  
Chaika K. Petrova ◽  
Simeon P. Petkov
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Hs Crp

Summary The rising incidence of bronchial asthma and obesity in children raises the question of whether there is a link between them. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation could be one of the linking mechanisms. We aimed to determine the serum concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor a (TNF-a) in children with asthma and obesity and to seek a relationship between these inflammatory markers and asthma control. We investigated 88 children aged 6 to 17 years - 25 asthmatic obese children (AsOb), 25 asthmatic non-obese children (AsNOb), 19 obese non-asthmatic children (ObNAs), and 19 non-obese non-asthmatic children as controls. Serum levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP were significantly increased in asthmatic obese and ObNAs compared to AsNOb and the control group. Serum TNF-a concentration was similar in the four studied groups. There were no statistically significant differences in serum levels of these inflammatory markers between controlled and partially controlled/uncontrolled asthmatics (obese and non-obese). Knowing the possible mechanisms of interaction between bronchial asthma and obesity would contribute to a more effective therapeutic approach in these patients.

scholarly journals A Submaximal Exercise Patterns Intervention on the Plasmatic Leptin Level and Insulin Resistance for Overweight / Obesity Boys Adolescences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Nazem ◽  
Salman Lotfi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Training Interval

Objective: Obesity is a medical problem that increases the risk of health problems like diabetes. Hormones secreting from fat tissue, Leptin, are correlated with body mass index. Leptin reduces the personchr('39')s appetite by acting on specific centers of their brain to reduce their urge to eat. And insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is essential for regulating carbohydrates and the metabolism of fat. A positive relationship between leptin levels and insulin resistance in children showing in this study is to determine the effect of continues-endurance and interval-endurance on leptin serum levels and insulin resistance in over-weighted youths. Materials and Methods: This study is a semi-experimental design. Thirty boys were voluntarily selected as a matched two experimental groups and a control. Physical profiles included aged 16-19, BMI; 37.75 (±4.46) KG/M2, base functional capacity: 32.8 (±3.6) ml/kg/min which dividing by three equal groups: the submaximal training interval, a continuum and interval and control group performed the submaximal running program for six weeks on 3 D/W. The selected parameters were evaluated for an intervention pre and post-conditions. Results: weight and body mass index variables were decreased by about 2.5-3% after exercise intervention. Plasmatic leptin levels were reduced by about 45% in the continuum and interval control groups. HOMA-IR & QUICKI indexes altered in the EG (8.9 %, 7.8%) (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Presumably, 2 exercise program patterns lower than lactate threshold could change body composition profile, basal leptin level, and blood glucose /insulin concentrations, which probably induced changes in resistance to insulin.

l-Carnitine-induced amelioration of HFD-induced hepatic dysfunction is accompanied by a reduction in hepatic TNF-α and TGF-β1

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim ◽  
Fatma Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Saher Hassan Orabi ◽  
Azza Hassan ◽  
Hesham Saad El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Tgf Β1

In this study, we evaluated the possible mechanisms through which l-carnitine ameliorates the adverse effects from obesity in rats, induced with a high-fat diet (HFD). For this, 56 albino Wister rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups. The control group was fed a basal diet and injected with saline. The second group was fed the basal diet and injected with l-carnitine (200 mg/kg body mass, by intraperitoneal injection; i.p.). The third group were fed the HFD. The fourth group was fed the HFD and injected with l-carnitine (200 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) for 8 weeks. The fifth group was fed the HFD for 10 weeks. The sixth group were fed the HFD for 10 weeks and were also injected with l-carnitine (200 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) during the final 2 weeks. The seventh group was fed the HFD diet for 8 weeks then the basal diet for 2 weeks. The HFD induced significantly increased levels of hyperglycemia, lipid peroxidation, pathological changes, TNF-α and TGF-β1 protein expression in hepatic tissue, food intake, body weight gain, serum levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ketone bodies, triacylglycerol, urea, creatinine, AST, and ALT. However, the HFD diet significantly decreased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and hepatic levels of reduced glutathione. l-Carnitine ameliorated the effects of the HFD on the above-mentioned parameters. This study indicated that l-carnitine had protective and curative effects against HFD-induced hepatosteatosis by reducing hepatic oxidative stress and protein expression of TNF-α and TGF-β1.

scholarly journals Adiponectin and highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in obese children aged 9 to 15 years

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Frecilia Regina ◽  
Kristellina Tirtamulia ◽  
Sarah Maria Warouw
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Mean

Background Childhood obesity is a widespread and growing problem associated with health problems such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. A low􀁗grade chronic inflammatory state, reflected by decreased adiponectin and increased highly sensitive C􀁗reactive  protein (hsCRP) levels, may play a role in metabolic syndrome associated with obesity.Objective To assess and compare adiponectin and hsCRP levels in obese and nonnal weight children.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, case􀁗controlled study in Manado from May to July 2010. Subjects were selected from obese, but otherwise healthy children aged 9-15 years. Control subjects were schoolmates 'With normal body mass index (BMI). We perfonned physical examinations, measured blood pressure, weight and height, and calculated BMI for all subjects. After an overnight fast, all subjects were tested for fasting blood glucose, adiponectin and hsCRP levels.Results The mean adiponectin level in the obese group was 3.6 μg/mL (SD 1.43), lower than that of the normoweight group, 4.8 μg/mL (SD 1.67) (P<0.0001). The mean hsCRP level in the obese group was 3.3 mg/L (SD 3.62) while that of the normoweight group was 0.8 mg/L (SD 1.39) (P<0.0001). There was no inverse correlation between adiponectin and hsCRP levels in obese group (r= 0.048; P= 0.362).Conclusions Lower adiponectin and higher hsCRP levels in the obese group is consistent 'With a low-grade chronic inflammatory state. Other factors that influence adiponecrin and hsCRP production or inflammatory pathways of other adipokines need further evaluation. Early intervention is needed to reduce body weight in obese children.

scholarly journals Vitamin e-loaded membrane dialyzers reduce hemodialysis inflammaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Sepe ◽  
Marilena Gregorini ◽  
Teresa Rampino ◽  
Pasquale Esposito ◽  
Rosanna Coppo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase ◽  
Nitric Oxide Formation

Abstract Background Inflammaging is a persistent, low−grade, sterile, nonresolving inflammatory state, associated with the senescence of the immune system. Such condition downregulates both innate and adaptive immune responses during chronic disorders as type II diabetes, cancer and hemodialysis, accounting for their susceptibility to infections, malignancy and resistance to vaccination. Aim of this study was to investigate hemodialysis inflammaging, by evaluating changes of several hemodialysis treatments on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 activity and nitric oxide formation. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled observational crossover trial. Eighteen hemodialysis patients were treated with 3 different hemodialysis procedures respectively: 1) Low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis, 2) Low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E − loaded dialyzers, and 3) Hemodialfitration. The control group consisted of 14 hospital staff healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected from all 18 hemodialysis patients just after the long interdialytic interval, at the end of each hemodialysis treatment period. Results Hemodialysis kynurenine and kynurenine/L − tryptophan blood ratio levels were significantly higher, when compared to the control group, indicating an increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 activity in hemodialysis patients. At the end of the low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E − loaded dialyzers period, L − tryptophan serum levels remained unchanged vs both low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis and hemodialfitration. Kynurenine levels instead decreased, resulting in a significant reduction of kynurenine/L − tryptophan blood ratio and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 activity, when matched to both low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis and HDF respectively. Serum nitric oxide control group levels, were significantly lower when compared to all hemodialysis patient groups. Interestingly, low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E − loaded dialyzers nitric oxide serum levels from venous line blood samples taken 60 min after starting the hemodialysis session were significantly lower vs serum taken simultaneously from the arterial blood line. Conclusions The treatment with more biocompatible hemodialysis procedure as low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E − loaded dialyzers, reduced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 activity and nitric oxide formation when compared to both low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis and hemodialfitration. These data suggest that low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E − loaded dialyzers lowering hemodialysis inflammaging, could be associated to changes of proinflammatory signalling a regulated molecular level. Trial registration NCT Number: NCT02981992; Other Study ID Numbers: 20100014090. First submitted: November 26, 2016. First posted: December 5, 2016. Last Update Posted: December 5, 2016.

Use of Erythropoietin (EPO) in Children with Malignancies.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 5533-5533
Author(s):  
Gabor T. Kovacs ◽  
Judit Muller ◽  
Monika Csoka ◽  
Eszter Vonnak ◽  
Hajna Erlaky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Recombinant erythropoietin is widely used for the treatment of anemia in malignant diseases in adults. There are only limited data of its use in pediatric population. In this study we analysed the effectiveness and tolerability of recombinant human erythropoietin (NeoRecormon) in children with malignant diseases. 80 children with malignant diseases were analysed. 40 patients (15 girls, 25 boys) received EPO in a mean dosage of 144.5±14.1 IU/kg three times a week. The mean age of the EPO-treated patients was 8.8 (2.5–16) years. 26 children had acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 14 patients had solid tumor. Match-paired, retrospective control patients (n=40) with similar diagnosis were used for the data analysis as control group (C). The mean duration of EPO treatment was 5.8 months (3–8 mo). In 6 patients the therapy was ceased due to elevated serum hemoglobin (Hb) (>130 g/L), in 6 patients the dose was increased up to 200 IU/kg three times a week, and 5 patients discontinued the therapy (2 died, 3 unsuccessful treatment). The mean amount of erythrocyte transfusion in the first 3 months of chemotherapy (CT) was 4.1±3.1 U/patient in the EPO group, and 8.0±4.2 in C, and during 6 months of CT 4.5±3.4 with EPO, and 11.6±7.1 in C (p<0.05). Soluble transferrine receptor (STFR) levels in serum increased in the EPO group after 2 weeks of therapy from 3.2±2.0 up to 4.8±2.9 (p<0.05). In general in 26/40 patients a significant elevation of the Hb levels and decrease of the need of erythrocyte transfusions could be detected. In 22 patients the STFR levels increased more than 50 % after 2 weeks of therapy. In this subgroup 18/22 children responded to EPO therapy. All patients tolerated the therapy well, no severe side effects were detected. In summary, EPO treatment is effective in about 2/3 of pediatric oncology patients. The therapy is well-tolerated. Increase in the STFR serum levels might be a useful marker for the effectiveness of EPO in children.

scholarly journals Endocrine Disruptors and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Elevated Serum Levels of Bisphenol A in Women with PCOS

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. E480-E484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Kandaraki ◽  
Antonis Chatzigeorgiou ◽  
Sarantis Livadas ◽  
Eleni Palioura ◽  
Frangiscos Economou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Pcos Group

Context: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread industrial compound used in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics. In experimental animals, neonatal exposure to BPA results in a polycystic ovary-like syndrome (PCOS) in adulthood. A bidirectional interaction between androgens and BPA levels has been disclosed. Objective: To determine BPA levels in PCOS women as well as the association between BPA and hormonal/metabolic parameters compared to a control group. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional study of 71 PCOS (National Institutes of Health criteria) and 100 normal women, age- and body mass index–matched, in a University hospital setting. Main Outcome Measures: Anthropometric, hormonal, metabolic parameters and BPA blood levels were determined. Patients (PCOS) and controls (C) were further subdivided according to body mass index into lean and overweight subgroups, respectively. Results: BPA levels were significantly higher in the total PCOS group compared with the controls (1.05±0.56 vs. 0.72±0.37ng/ml, P &lt; 0.001). PCOS women, lean (PCOS-L) and overweight (PCOS-OW), had higher BPA levels compared to the corresponding control group lean (C-L) and overweight (C-OW): (PCOS-L = 1.13±0.63 vs. C-L = 0.70±0.36, P &lt; 0.001) (PCOS-OW = 0.96 ± 0.46 vs. C-OW = 0.72 ± 0.39, P &lt; 0.05). A significant association of testosterone (r = 0.192, P &lt; 0.05) and androstenedione (r = 0.257, P &lt; 0.05) with BPA was observed. Multiple regression analysis for BPA showed significant correlation with the existence of PCOS (r = 0.497, P &lt; 0.05). BPA was also positively correlated with insulin resistance (Matsuda index) in the PCOS group (r = 0.273, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Higher BPA levels in PCOS women compared to controls and a statistically significant positive association between androgens and BPA point to a potential role of this endocrine disruptor in PCOS pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Significance of Serum 14-3-3η in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Reyhan ◽  
Olga S. Zhukov ◽  
Robert J. Lagier ◽  
Robert F. Bridgeforth ◽  
Gary J. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Abstract Background: Prompt diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is important to avoid long term complications. Elevated serum 14-3-3η levels improve the diagnostic sensitivity of rheumatoid factor (RF) and cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody in adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and have been associated with more severe phenotype. We investigated the prevalence and clinical significance of serum 14-3-3η in different types of JIA.Methods: JIA patients (n=151) followed by the Pediatric Rheumatology Core at Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles were categorized into 5 groups: polyarticular JIA RF+ (PJIA RF+; n=39), PJIA RF- (n=39), psoriatic arthritis (PsA; n=19), enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA; n=18), and oligoarticular JIA (OJIA [control group]; n=36). RF, CCP antibody, and 14-3-3η were measured for all patients. 14-3-3η serum levels >0.2ng/mL were considered positive. Disease activity was assessed by the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-71 (JADAS-71). Results: Elevated 14-3-3h levels were detected in 34/151 (23%) patients, and across all groups tested. Most patients with 14-3-3h had titers ≥4 times above the cutoff value. The majority (22, 65%) of 14-3-3h-positive patients were also positive for RF or CCP antibodies, 16 (47%) were positive for all 3, and 12 (35%) were single-positive for 14-3-3η. The highest prevalence of 14-3-3η was in PJIA RF+ patients (49%), followed by OJIA (22%). Positivity for 14-3-3h was not significantly associated with disease activity or age at diagnosis. Conclusion: Serum 14-3-3h can be detected in all forms of JIA tested but appears to be most common in PJIA RF+. 14-3-3h does not appear to correlate with disease activity in JIA.

scholarly journals MATERNAL OBESITY AND OBSTETRIC OUTCOMES IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
H. Anitha Virgin Kumari ◽  
S. Nivedita
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Risk Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is unique, yet normal physiological chapter in women’s life. Pre-existing morbidity can complicate pregnancy affecting mother and fetus resulting in high risk pregnancy .One of which is obesity causing antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum complications both in mother and child. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of obesity on the maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by obesity. MATERIALS: A prospective study is done in Govt. RSRM lying in hospital during June 2019-june 2020 .Among antenatal mothers attending antenatal outpatient department, mothers were chosen in their first trimester who had Body Mass Index>30kg/m2 as study group and mothers with a Body Mass Indexbetween18.5kg/m2and25kg/m2 as control group. Detailed history taking and investigations done and they were followed up to delivery and postpartum until discharge and outcome studied. RESULTS: In the present study, increasing age, sedentary lifestyle and low socio economic status show a positive relation to obesity. The proportion of primiparous Women was more in obese group(51.9%)when compared to control group(48.1%). Higher incidence of gestational diabetes and pre eclampsia are seen in obese group. Higher rates of cesarean deliveries among this group. Preterm delivery in obese women 10.4% compared to control group. CONCLUSION: Maternal BMI has a strong association with pregnancy complications and outcome. The best time of intervention may be before a woman considers a pregnancy and attempts are to be made to maintain a normal BMI in women of childbearing age.

scholarly journals Markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in dogs before and after weight loss versus lean healthy dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
Juliana T. Jeremias ◽  
Thiago H.A. Vendramini ◽  
Roberta B.A. Rodrigues ◽  
Mariana P. Perini ◽  
Vivian Pedrinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT: Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is characterized by an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to insulin resistance. For this study body composition, markers of inflammation and of insulin resistance in dogs before and after weight loss were compared to those of lean dogs. Eleven client-owned obese adult dogs underwent a weight loss program with commercial dry food for weight loss and reached an ideal body condition score (BCS) six months after the beginning of the weight loss program. A Control Group of nine dogs with ideal BCS were selected for the comparison. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality, Mann Whitney were used for non-normally distributes data, and Student t-test was used for normally distributed parameters. In the Obese Group body fat decreased from 41.6% (30.7-58.6) to 29.1% (18.6-46.3) (P<0.01) and dogs maintained lean body mass throughout the weight loss program (P>0.05). Obese dogs presented higher concentration of fructosamine, triglycerides, insulin, IGF-1 and leptin than the Control Group before weight reduction (P<0.05). Serum concentrations of triglycerides, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, insulin, leptin and IGF-1 decreased after weight loss (P<0.01), and these concentrations were similar to the Control Group (P>0.05), except for leptin (P<0.001). No alteration on peptide YY was found. Leptin (r=0.60, P=0.01), fructosamine (r=0.44, P=0.02) and triglycerides (r=0.40, P=0.04) concentrations correlated with the reduction of body fat. Weight loss reduced the concentrations of inflammatory and insulin resistance markers and most parameters became similar to dogs that have always been lean, reinforcing the importance of weight loss in small animal practice.

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