Genistein Modifies Hamster Behavior and Expression of Inflammatory Factors following Subchronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Raffaella Alò ◽  
Merylin Zizza ◽  
Gilda Fazzari ◽  
Rosa Maria Facciolo ◽  
Marcello Canonaco
Keyword(s):  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Test Hole

Background: Previous studies have pointed to the protective role of genistein against stress adaptations although neuromolecular mechanisms are not yet fully known. With this work, we evaluated the influence of such a phytoestrogen on hamster behavioral and molecular activities following exposure to subchronic unpredictable mild stress. Methods: The motor behaviors of hamsters (n = 28) were analyzed using elevated plus maze (EPM) test, hole board (HB) test, and forced swim test (FST). In addition, neurodegeneration events were assessed with amino cupric silver stain, while expression variations of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), nuclear factor kappa-B1 (NF-κB1), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mRNAs were highlighted in limbic neuronal fields via in situ hybridization. Results: Genistein accounted for increased motor performances in EPM and HB tests but reduced immobility during FST, which were correlated with diminished argyrophilic signals in some limbic neuronal fields. Contextually, upregulated Hsp70 and TrkB mRNAs occurred in hippocampal (HIP) and hypothalamic neuronal fields. Conversely, diminished NF-κB1 levels were mainly obtained in HIP. Conclusion: Hormonal neuroprotective properties of genistein corroborating anxiolytic and antidepressant role(s) through elevated expression levels of stress proteins and trophic factors may constitute novel therapeutic measures against emotional and stress-related motor performances.

scholarly journals An Overview of Adipose Tissue ACE2 Modulation by Diet and Obesity. Potential Implications in COVID-19 Infection and Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7975
Author(s):  
Saioa Gómez-Zorita ◽  
Iñaki Milton-Laskibar ◽  
Laura García-Arellano ◽  
Marcela González ◽  
María P. Portillo
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Lower Activation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Ace2 Gene

The present review is aimed at analysing the current evidence concerning the potential modulation of obesity and/or diet in adipose tissue ACE2. Additionally, the potential implications of these effects on COVID-19 are also addressed. The results published show that diet and obesity are two factors that effectively influence the expression of Ace2 gene in adipose tissue. However, the shifts in this gene do not always occur in the same direction, nor with the same intensity. Additionally, there is no consensus regarding the implications of increased adipose tissue ACE2 expression in health. Thus, while in some studies a protective role is attributed to ACE2 overexpression, other studies suggest otherwise. Similarly, there is much debate regarding the role played by ACE2 in COVID-19 in terms of degree of infection and disease outcomes. The greater risk of infection that may hypothetically derive from enhanced ACE2 expression is not clear since the functionality of the enzyme seems to be as important as the abundance. Thus, the greater abundance of ACE2 in adipose tissue of obese subjects may be counterbalanced by its lower activation. In addition, a protective role of ACE2 overexpression has also been suggested, associated with the increase in anti-inflammatory factors that it may produce.

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Inhibits CUMS-Depressed Mice Hippocampal Inflammatory Response via Activating Hippocampal miR-223/TLR4/MyD88-NF-κB Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglin Qu ◽  
Ruilian Liu ◽  
Jiaqin Chen ◽  
Lan Zheng ◽  
Rui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Function ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Protein Levels

Objective: To investigate the role of aerobic exercise in inhibiting chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depressed mice hippocampal inflammatory response and its potential mechanisms. Methods: Fifty-four male eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided as control group (CG) (18 mice) and model group (36 mice). Model group mice were treated with 13 chronic stimulating factors for 28 days to set up the CUMS depression model. Neurobehavioral assessment was performed after modeling. The mice in the model group were randomly divided into the control model group (MG) and the aerobic exercise group (EG), with 18mice in each group. The EG group carried out the adaptive training of the running platform: 10 m/min, 0° slope, and increased by 10 minutes per day for 6 days. The formal training was carried for 8 weeks with 10 m/min speed, 0° slope, 60 min/d, 6 d/Week. After the training, a neurobehavioral assessment was performed, and hippocampus IL-1β and IL-10 protein levels were detected by ELISA. RT–PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-223 and TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the hippocampus. Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and phosphorylated NF-κBp65 protein in the hippocampus. Results: The hippocampus function of CUMS depression model mice was impaired. The forced swimming and forced tail suspension time were significantly prolonged, and inflammatory factors IL-1β were significantly increased in the hippocampus. Aerobic exercise significantly improves CUMS-depressed mice hippocampal function, effectively reducing depressive behavior and IL-1β levels, and increasing IL-10 levels. Besides, aerobic exercise significantly upregulates the expression level of miR-223 and inhibits the high expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise significantly increases the CUMS-depressed mice hippocampus expression of miR-223, and inhibits the downstream TLR4/MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and the hippocampal inflammatory response, which contributes to the improvement of the hippocampal function.

scholarly journals Micronized Palmitoylethanolamide Ameliorates Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet–Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via Inhibiting Inflammation and Restoring Autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaji Hu ◽  
Hanglu Ying ◽  
Jie Yao ◽  
Longhe Yang ◽  
Wenhui Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become one of the serious causes of chronic liver diseases, characterized by hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular injury, inflammation and fibrosis, and lack of efficient therapeutic agents. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous bioactive lipid with various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects. However, the effect of PEA on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is still unknown. Our study aims to explore the potential protective role of PEA on NASH and to reveal the underlying mechanism. In this study, the C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the NASH model through methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet feeding. Here, we found that PEA treatment significantly improved liver function, alleviated hepatic pathological changes, and attenuated the lipid accumulation and hepatic fibrosis in NASH mice induced by MCD diet feeding. Mechanistically, the anti-steatosis effect of PEA may be due to the suppressed expression of ACC1 and CD36, elevated expression of PPAR-α, and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK. In addition, hepatic oxidative stress was greatly inhibited in MCD-fed mice treated with PEA via enhancing the expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including GSH-px and SOD. Moreover, PEA exerted a clear anti-inflammatory effect though ameliorating the expression of inflammatory mediators and suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation. Furthermore, the impaired autophagy in MCD-induced mice was reactivated with PEA treatment. Taken together, our research suggested that PEA protects against NASH through the inhibition of inflammation and restoration of autophagy. Thus, PEA may represent an efficient therapeutic agent to treat NASH.

scholarly journals BuPiHeWei Decoction Ameliorates 5-Fu-Induced Intestinal Mucosal Injury in the Rats by Regulating the TLR-4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhi-gao Sun ◽  
Ya-zhuo Hu ◽  
Yu-guo Wang ◽  
Jian Feng ◽  
Yong-qi Dou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Injury ◽  
Group 5

BuPiHeWei (BPHW) decoction, a classic Traditional Chinese Medicinal (TCM) prescription, has been widely used in clinical practice to relieve digestive symptoms caused by chemotherapy, such as diarrhea and vomiting. The present study aimed to investigate whether BPHW decoction exerted a protective role in the 5-Fu-induced intestinal mucosal injury in the rats by regulating the mechanisms of TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway. There were 35 Sprague Dawley rats randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, 5-Fu group, 5-Fu + BPHW decoction group (10.5 g/kg, for five continuous days), and 5-Fu + Bacillus licheniformis capsule group (0.2 g/kg, for five continuous days). Animal models were established by intraperitoneal injection of 5-Fu (30 mg/Kg, for five consecutive days). At the end of the treatment period, body weight, diarrhea score, and histological examination were examined. Furthermore, the expression of TLR-4/NF-κB pathway was detected to reveal its mechanism. The results showed that BPHW decoction effectively reduced diarrhea score and increased body weight and height of villi after 5-Fu chemotherapy. In addition, BPHW decoction could significantly inhibit the expression of TLR-4, NF-κB, and inflammatory factors (including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the intestine, and the efficacy was significantly higher than that of Bacillus licheniformis capsule. In summary, BPHW decoction might be considered an effective drug to alleviate intestinal mucosal injury in the rats induced by 5-Fu.

scholarly journals Unexpected Stress-Reducing Effect of PhaP, a Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Granule-Associated Protein, in Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 6622-6629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra de Almeida ◽  
Mariela V. Catone ◽  
Virgil A. Rhodius ◽  
Carol A. Gross ◽  
M. Julia Pettinari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Heat Stress Proteins

ABSTRACTPhasins (PhaP) are proteins normally associated with granules of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), a biodegradable polymer accumulated by many bacteria as a reserve molecule. These proteins enhance growth and polymer production in natural and recombinant PHB producers. It has been shown that the production of PHB causes stress in recombinantEscherichia coli, revealed by an increase in the concentrations of several heat stress proteins. In this work, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR analysis was used to study the effect of PHB accumulation, and that of PhaP fromAzotobactersp. strain FA8, on the expression of stress-related genes in PHB-producingE. coli. While PHB accumulation was found to increase the transcription ofdnaKandibpA, the expression of these genes and ofgroES,groEL,rpoH,dps, andyfiDwas reduced, when PhaP was coexpressed, to levels even lower than those detected in the non-PHB-accumulating control. These results demonstrated the protective role of PhaP in PHB-synthesizingE. coliand linked the effects of the protein to the expression of stress-related genes, especiallyibpA. The effect of PhaP was also analyzed in non-PHB-synthesizing strains, showing that expression of this heterologous protein has an unexpected protective effect inE. coli, under both normal and stress conditions, resulting in increased growth and higher resistance to both heat shock and superoxide stress by paraquat. In addition, PhaP expression was shown to reduce RpoH protein levels during heat shock, probably by reducing or titrating the levels of misfolded proteins.

scholarly journals Curcumin Alters Neural Plasticity and Viability of Intact Hippocampal Circuits and Attenuates Behavioral Despair and COX-2 Expression in Chronically Stressed Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga-Young Choi ◽  
Hyun-Bum Kim ◽  
Eun-Sang Hwang ◽  
Seok Lee ◽  
Min-Ji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Neurotropic Effects

Curcumin is a major diarylheptanoid component ofCurcuma longawith traditional usage for anxiety and depression. It has been known for the anti-inflammatory, antistress, and neurotropic effects. Here we examined curcumin effect in neural plasticity and cell viability. 60-channel multielectrode array was applied on organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) to monitor the effect of 10 μM curcumin in long-term depression (LTD) through low-frequency stimulation (LFS) to the Schaffer collaterals and commissural pathways. Cell viability was assayed by propidium iodide uptake test in OHSCs. In addition, the influence of oral curcumin administration on rat behavior was assessed with the forced swim test (FST). Finally, protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were measured by Western blot in chronically stressed rats. Our results demonstrated that 10 μM curcumin attenuated LTD and reduced cell death. It also recovered the behavior immobility of FST, rescued the attenuated BDNF expression, and inhibited the enhancement of COX-2 expression in stressed animals. These findings indicate that curcumin can enhance postsynaptic electrical reactivity and cell viability in intact neural circuits with antidepressant-like effects, possibly through the upregulation of BDNF and reduction of inflammatory factors in the brain.

scholarly journals Anti-Depressant Activity of the Leaves of Zanthoxylum Armatum on Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Chandrajeet Kumar Yadav ◽  
Kamal Poudel ◽  
Roshan Mehta ◽  
Amit Kumar Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽  
Albino Mice

INTRODUCTION Depression is a global mental disorder that has high incidence, high recurrence, and high self-mutilation and suicide rates. Although the antidepressant drugs are available for the treatment, depression still continues to be a major medical problem. The present study was designed to study the anti-depressant activity of the leaves extract of Zanthoxylum armatum using forced swim test and tail suspension test (TST) on Swiss albino mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The anti-depressant activity of the leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum was assessed using chronic unpredictable mild-stress (CUMS) induced depression in mice. The animals were treated with the methanolic extract of leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum orally at two doses of 100, 200 mg/kg body weight for eight days after (CUMS) induced depression in mice. RESULTS The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by tukey multiple comparison test. The leaves extract presented significant antidepressant activity in mice (p<0.05), CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that methanolic extract of leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum has got significant antidepressant activity.

scholarly journals Betaine attenuates LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and restores intestinal barrier function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingtao Wu ◽  
Caimei He ◽  
Jie Bu ◽  
Yue Luo ◽  
Shuyuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Epithelial Barriers ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract Background：The intestinal epithelial barrier, which works as the first line of defense between the luminal environment and the host, once destroyed, it will cause serious inflammation or other intestinal diseases. Tight junctions (TJs) play a vital role to maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the most important inflammatory factors will downregulate specific TJ proteins including Occludin and Claudin-1 and impair integrity of the epithelial barrier. Betaine has excellent anti-inflammatory activity but whether betaine has any effect on TJ proteins, particularly on LPS-induced dysfunction of epithelial barriers remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to explore the pharmacological effect of betaine on improving intestinal barrier function represented by TJ proteins. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were used as an in vitro model. Results: The results demonstrated that betaine enhanced the expression of TJ proteins while LPS (1µg/mL) downregulates the expression of these proteins. Furthermore, betaine attenuates LPS-induced decreases of TJ proteins both shown by Western blot (WB) and Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The immunofluorescent images consistently revealed that LPS induced the disruption of TJ protein Claudin-1 and reduced its expression while betaine could reverse these alterations. Similar protective role of betaine on intestinal barrier function was observed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) approach. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research demonstrated that betaine attenuated LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and restored the intestinal barrier function.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN PERILAKU GROOMING DAN IMOBILITAS MENCIT BALB/C TERINDUKSI DEPRESI YANG DISUPLEMENTASI TEMPE SEBAGAI SUMBER PARAPROBIOTIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ardianty ◽  
Brian Saputra Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
The Common ◽  
Probiotic Food

Depression, a mental disorder marked by sadness, anhedonia and increased fatigability, is becoming more common in this industry 4.0 era. Nowadays, depression affects approximately 322 million people around the world (more than 14 million in Indonesia) and gives major contribution to the rise of global burden of disease. Although antidepressant is considered the common treatment for depression, recent studies show a possibility to treat depression by altering gut microbiome of the patient, by giving them probiotic food. Tempeh is a globally well-known Indonesian paraprobiotic food which already proven to modulate gut microbiota. This research aimed to find out the effect of tempeh to depression symptom as expressed in Balb/c mice behaviors. The methods used was to feed tempeh or tempeh starter to mice which were depressed-induced by Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) procedure. Parameter measured were depression level of the Balb/c mice based on immobility times and grooming durations acquired from tail suspension test, forced swim test, sucrose splash test and coat state score. The result showed that tempeh supplementation did not affect coat states and grooming durations but tend to improve immobility times of the Balb/c mice. Meanwhile, tempeh starter supplementation tends to improve the immobility time and kept coat state clean/tidy, but lowered grooming duration. In conclusion, supplementation of paraprobiotic tempeh, especially in starter form, tend to improve depression symptoms. Keywords: depression, mice, paraprobiotic, tempeh

scholarly journals The impact of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the mother-placenta-fetus system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NV Nizyaeva ◽  
NA Lomova ◽  
EL Dolgopolova ◽  
UL Petrova ◽  
TE Karapetyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Index Group ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Impaired placental development during early pregnancy associated with systemic damage to the vascular endothelium in patients with COVID-19 may result in a number of complications. The study was aimed to reveal histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of placental tissue in pregnant women with COVID-19 at different stages of gestation, and to examine the contribution of those to pathogenesis of the disease involving mother-placenta-fetus system. The following two groups of pregnant women were studied: index group of 66 patients with COVID-19, and comparison group of 40 women with no symptoms of viral infection. Macroscopic and microscopic examination, and the IHC analysis of placental samples were carried out. Clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 were analyzed taking into account disease severity, delivery route and perinatal outcome. ICH staining using primary antibody revealed elevated expression of proinflammatory factors (TNFα, IL8) and reduced level of anti-inflammatory factors (IL4) in placental structures of patients with moderate and severe СOVID-19 (р < 0.05). The villous tree rearrangement and the development of subclinical placental insufficiency, which could in some cases be decompensated during labor, resulting in clinical manifestations of acute fetal hypoxia were detected in the placental samples obtained from the index group patients. The obstetrical tactics for mothers with COVID-19 should be decided individually based on the risk factors; continuous cardiotocography should be used during labor. It may be appropriate to conduct IHC analysis of placenta in puerperant women with COVID-19 in order to fine-tune the tactics of neonatal management and to predict possible neonatal complications.

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