scholarly journals Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Disorders of Penile Development in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Laura Gaspari ◽  
Benoit Tessier ◽  
Françoise Paris ◽  
Anne Bergougnoux ◽  
Samir Hamamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

This paper reviews the current knowledge on the environmental effects on penile development in humans. The specific focus is on endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a heterogeneous group of natural or manmade substances that interfere with endocrine function, and whether they can induce hypospadias and micropenis in male neonates. Epidemiological data and animal observations first raised suspicions about environmental effects, leading to the testis dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesis. More recent research has provided stronger indications that TDS may indeed be the result of the direct or indirect effects of EDCs. Drawing on epidemiological and toxicological studies, we also report on the effects of maternal diet and substances like pesticides, phthalates, bisphenol A, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Proximity to contamination hazards and occupational exposure are also suspected to contribute to the occurrence of hypospadias and micropenis. Lastly, the cumulative effects of EDCs and the possibility of transgenerational effects, with the penile development of subsequent generations being affected, raise concerns for long-term public health.

scholarly journals Effects of the Hedgehog signalling inhibitor itraconazole on developing rat ovaries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Katarina Lilith Johansson ◽  
Camilla Taxvig ◽  
Gustav Peder Mohr Olsen ◽  
Terje Svingen
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Female Reproductive Health ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Knock Out Mice

Abstract Early ovary development is considered to be largely hormone independent, yet there are associations between fetal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive disorders in women. This can potentially be explained by perturbations to establishment of ovarian endocrine function rather than interference with an already established hormone system. In this study we explore if Hedgehog (HH) signaling, a central pathway for correct ovary development, can be disrupted by exposure to HH-disrupting chemicals, using the antifungal itraconazole as model compound. In the mouse Leydig cell line TM3, used as a proxy for ovarian theca cells, itraconazole exposure had a suppressing effect on genes downstream of HH signaling, such as Gli1. Exposing explanted rat ovaries (gestational day 22 or postnatal day 3) to 30 µM itraconazole for 72 h induced significant suppression of genes in the HH signaling pathway with altered Ihh, Gli1, Ptch1, and Smo expression similar to those previously observed in Ihh/Dhh knock-out mice. Exposing rat dams to 50 mg/kg bw/day in the perinatal period did not induce observable changes in the offspring’s ovaries. Overall, our results suggest that HH signal disruptors may affect ovary development with potential long-term consequences for female reproductive health. However, potent HH inhibitors would likely cause severe teratogenic effects at doses lower than those causing ovarian dysgenesis, so the concern with respect to reproductive disorder is for the presence of HH disruptors at low concentration in combination with other ovary or endocrine disrupting compounds.

Environmental chemical effects on testicular function

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-100
Author(s):  
PA Fowler ◽  
T Murray ◽  
DR Abramovich ◽  
N Haites ◽  
RG Lea
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Actual Increase ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Considerable Body

There have been a number of reviews on this topic over the past decade, starting with Carlsen et al. and including Irvine et al. and Murray et al., concerning declining male fertility. The most exhaustive has perhaps been that of Toppari et al. The main findings of these reviews are: (1) that in some countries of the world sperm production has halved in the last 60 years, (2) rates of testicular cancer have doubled, (3) rates of malformation of the male reproductive tract, such as hypospadias, have doubled, (4) rates of testicular maldescent have risen sharply and (5) these effects are largely linked geographically. Typically, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment have been regarded as the main candidates for these effects. A consistent problem with the field, however, is the difficulty in determining the accuracy of data relating to changes in men's health over the latter half of the 20th century. Advances in diagnosis and changing attitudes to the emotive issues surrounding deformity and male infertility inevitably render some of the mass of collected data suspect. Indeed a recent review of testicular and prostate cancer concluded that while the incidence of prostate cancer had increased, the epidemiological data were not suitable for concrete conclusions about causation to be drawn. However, in the case of testicular cancer the data suggested a limited number of major risk factors. In addition, assessing urogenital malformation retrospectively from patient notes is subject to considerable variation in classification. A recent review does however find evidence to suggest that trends of increasing incidences of hypospadias on a temporal and geographical basis may reflect an actual increase in incidence and require further study. On the other hand, there is a considerable body of evidence for EDC disruption of reproduction in wildlife (reviewed by Guillette & Gunderson, 2001).

Removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) using low pressure reverse osmosis membrane (LPROM)

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R.A. Razak ◽  
Z. Ujang ◽  
H. Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are the focus of current environmental issues, as they can cause adverse health effects to animals and human, subsequent to endocrine function. The objective of this study was to remove a specific compound of EDCs (i.e. pentachlorophenol, C6OCL5Na, molecular weight of 288 g/mol) using low pressure reverse osmosis membrane (LPROM). A cross flow module of LPROM was used to observe the effects of operating parameters, i.e. pH, operating pressure and temperature. The design of the experiment was based on MINITABTM software, and the analysis of results was conducted by factorial analysis. It was found that the rejection of pentachlorophenol was higher than 80% at a recovery rate of 60 to 70%. The rejection was subjected to increase with the increase of pH. The flux was observed to be increased with the increase of operating pressure and temperature. This study also investigated the interaction effects between operating parameters involved.

scholarly journals Relationship between endocrine disruptors and obesity with a focus on bisphenol A: a narrative review

Bioimpacts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Sofiane Boudalia ◽  
Aissam Bousbia ◽  
Boualem Boumaaza ◽  
Malha Oudir ◽  
Marie Chantal Canivenc Lavier
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
Endocrine Signaling ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Scientific data suggest that early exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect -repro, -neuro, -metabolic systems, to which are added other notions such as mixtures, window and duration of exposure, trans-generational effects, and epigenetic mechanisms. Methods: In the present narrative review, we studied the relationship between exposure to EDCs with the appearance and development of obesity. Results: Exposure to EDCs like Bisphenol A during the early stages of development has been shown to lead to weight gain and obesity. EDCs can interfere with endocrine signaling, affect adipocytes differentiation and endocrine function and disrupt metabolic processes, especially if exposure occurs at very low doses, in the mixture, during early development stages for several generations. Conclusion: Exposure to EDCs is positively associated with obesity development. Moreover, the use of integrative approaches which mimicking environmental conditions are necessary and recommended to evaluate EDCs' effects in future studies.

scholarly journals Human Health Consequences of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Fetus And Neonate

Daily use of chemicals is an essential part of modern life. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals or chemical mixtures that interfere with the action of hormones and consequently cause adverse effects to humans and wildlife. The number of EDCs has markedly increased over the past 60 years. Humans are constantly exposed to hundreds of EDCs mainly through air, water, and food. Exposure to EDCs (in utero or lifetime) may be a significant component of the environmental origin of several medical conditions. The developing fetus and neonate are more sensitive than adults to perturbation by EDCs. The prenatal damage can cause adverse consequences later in life (developmental origins of adult disease). In many cases, the damage is irreversible. There is also a possibility of transgenerational effects. By interfering with hormonal functions, EDCs can contribute to a variety of dysfunctions and diseases including obesity, diabetes, reproductive disorders, and cancers. Information on long-term effects of chronic, low-dose exposure to EDCs is relatively limited. EDCs represent a global threat for human health and cause a high cost for the society. Promoting public knowledge and initiating preventive measures will help minimizing the health and economic consequences of EDCs for future generations.

scholarly journals Endobolome, a New Concept for Determining the Influence of Microbiota Disrupting Chemicals (MDC) in Relation to Specific Endocrine Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Aguilera ◽  
Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros ◽  
Ana Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Impact

Endogenous steroid hormones and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC) interact with gut microbiota through different pathways. We suggest the use of the term “endobolome” when referring to the group of gut microbiota genes and pathways involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and EDC. States of dysbiosis and reduced diversity of the gut microbiota may impact and modify the endobolome resulting at long-term in the development of certain pathophysiological conditions. The endobolome might play a central role in the gut microbiota as seen by the amount of potentially endobolome-mediated diseases and thereby it can be considered an useful diagnostic tool and therapeutic target for future functional research strategies that envisage the use of next generation of probiotics. In addition, we propose that EDC and other xenobiotics that alter the gut microbial composition and its metabolic capacities should be categorized into a subgroup termed “microbiota disrupting chemicals” (MDC). This will help to distinguish the role of contaminants from other microbiota natural modifiers such as those contained or released from diet, environment, physical activity and stress. These MDC might have the ability to promote specific changes in the microbiota that can ultimately result in common intestinal and chronic or long-term systemic diseases in the host. The risk of developing certain disorders associated with gut microbiota changes should be established by determining both the effects of the MDC on gut microbiota and the impact of microbiota changes on chemicals metabolism and host susceptibility. In any case, further animal controlled experiments, clinical trials and large epidemiological studies are required in order to establish the concatenated impact of the MDC-microbiota-host health axis.

Fabrication of long-range ordered, broccoli-like SERS arrays and application in detecting endocrine disrupting chemicals

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Gaowu Qin ◽  
Wen Shen ◽  
Yiyan Li ◽  
Biswajit Das
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

3D periodic broccoli-like Au and Ag SERS arrays having reliability, reproducibility, long-term stability, and high-sensitivity have been fabricated and are used for detecting phthalates.

Choice of animal feed can alter fetal steroid levels and mask developmental effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Ruhlen ◽  
J. A. Taylor ◽  
J. Mao ◽  
J. Kirkpatrick ◽  
W. V. Welshons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
In Utero ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

Exposure of fetuses to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as the estrogenic drug diethylstilbestrol (DES), disrupts development of the reproductive system and affects other aspects of adult phenotype including diseases, consistent with the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. To determine whether diet could influence the effects of DES, we compared mice fed a commonly used combination of soy-based Purina 5008 (breeding and lactation) and 5001 (post-weaning) with mice fed soy-based Purina 5002 throughout life. We exposed fetal CD-1 mice (F1) in utero on different feeds to a 0 (controls), low (0.1 μg/kg/day) or high (50 μg/kg/day) dose of DES via feeding the dam (F0) on gestation days 11–17. Compared to 5008, 5002 feed significantly increased serum estradiol in control fetuses. On 5008 (but not 5002) feed, DES significantly increased fetal serum estradiol at a low dose and reduced it at a high dose. Diet influenced the effects of in utero DES on F1 female onset of puberty and the uterine response to estradiol (an inverted-U dose–response relationship seen for DES on uterine weight with 5008/5001 feed was not observed with 5002). Both low- and high-dose DES reduced daily sperm production (DSP) in adult F1 males on 5008/5001 feed, whereas males fed 5002 showed no DES-induced reduction in DSP. Thus, we observed a number of low-dose effects of in utero DES exposure on Purina 5008/5001 feed that were not observed using Purina 5002, a feed commonly used in industry-funded toxicological studies conducted for regulatory purposes.

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