scholarly journals MicroRNA Extracellular Vesicle Stowaways in Cell-Cell Communication and Organ Crosstalk

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2448-2450
Author(s):  
Maximillian A. Rogers ◽  
Elena Aikawa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Communication ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Organ Crosstalk ◽  
Cell Cell

scholarly journals MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Hormone-Like Activities in Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pardini ◽  
George Calin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Communication ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Fluid Compartments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cell Cell

Hormones are messengers circulating in the body that interact with specific receptors on the cell membrane or inside the cells and regulate, at a distal site, the activities of specific target organs. The definition of hormone has evolved in the last years. Hormones are considered in the context of cell–cell communication and mechanisms of cellular signaling. The best-known mechanisms of this kind are chemical receptor-mediated events, the cell–cell direct interactions through synapses, and, more recently, the extracellular vesicle (EV) transfer between cells. Recently, it has been extensively demonstrated that EVs are used as a way of communication between cells and that they are transporters of specific messenger signals including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Circulating ncRNAs in body fluids and extracellular fluid compartments may have endocrine hormone-like effects because they can act at a distance from secreting cells with widespread consequences within the recipient cells. Here, we discuss and report examples of the potential role of miRNAs and lncRNAs as mediator for intercellular communication with a hormone-like mechanism in cancer.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicle-mediated cell–cell communication in haematological neoplasms

2017 ◽  
Vol 373 (1737) ◽  
pp. 20160484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko H. Ohyashiki ◽  
Tomohiro Umezu ◽  
Kazuma Ohyashiki
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Haematological Neoplasms ◽  
Cell Cell

Crosstalk between bone marrow tumour cells and surrounding cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), endothelial cells and immune cells, is important for tumour growth in haematological neoplasms. In addition to conventional signalling pathways, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are endosome-derived vesicles containing proteins, mRNAs, lipids and miRNAs, can facilitate modulation of the bone marrow microenvironment without directly contacting non-tumourous cells. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of EV-mediated cell–cell communication in haematological neoplasms, particularly leukaemia and multiple myeloma. We highlight the actions of tumour and BM-MSC EVs in multiple myeloma. The origin of EVs, their tropism and mechanism of EV transfer are emerging issues that need to be addressed in EV-mediated cell–cell communication in haematological neoplasms. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment’.

scholarly journals The Impact of Extracellular Vesicle-Encapsulated Circulating MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fujita ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kuwano ◽  
Takahiro Ochiya ◽  
Fumitaka Takeshita
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cell Cell

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Biomarkers for lung cancer have raised great expectations in their clinical applications for early diagnosis, survival, and therapeutic responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a family of short endogenous noncoding RNAs, play critical roles in cell growth, differentiation, and the development of various types of cancers. Current studies have shown that miRNAs are present in the extracellular spaces, packaged into various membrane-bound vesicles. Tumor-specific circulating miRNAs have been developed as early diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer. Remarkably, some studies have succeeded in discovering circulating miRNAs with prognostic or predictive significance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are recognized as novel tools for cell-cell communication and as biomarkers for various diseases. Their vesicle composition and miRNA content have the ability to transfer biological information to recipient cells and play an important role in cancer metastasis and prognosis. This review provides an in-depth summary of current findings on circulating miRNAs in lung cancer patients used as diagnostic biomarkers. We also discuss the role of EV miRNAs in cell-cell communication and explore the effectiveness of these contents as predictive biomarkers for cancer malignancy.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Cell–Cell Communication in the Nervous System: Focus on Neurological Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Caruso Bavisotto ◽  
Federica Scalia ◽  
Antonella Marino Gammazza ◽  
Daniela Carlisi ◽  
Fabio Bucchieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bioengineering Techniques ◽  
Cell Cell

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. They are involved in cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and organ remodelling in virtually all tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). They are secreted by a range of cell types and via blood reaching other cells whose functioning they can modify because they transport and deliver active molecules, such as proteins of various types and functions, lipids, DNA, and miRNAs. Since they are relatively easy to isolate, exosomes can be characterized, and their composition elucidated and manipulated by bioengineering techniques. Consequently, exosomes appear as promising theranostics elements, applicable to accurately diagnosing pathological conditions, and assessing prognosis and response to treatment in a variety of disorders. Likewise, the characteristics and manageability of exosomes make them potential candidates for delivering selected molecules, e.g., therapeutic drugs, to specific target tissues. All these possible applications are pertinent to research in neurophysiology, as well as to the study of neurological disorders, including CNS tumors, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. In this brief review, we discuss what is known about the role and potential future applications of exosomes in the nervous system and its diseases, focusing on cell–cell communication in physiology and pathology.

scholarly journals Gonadotropin-releasing hormone increases the release of extracellular vesicles from gonadotropes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Numfa Fungbun ◽  
Makoto Sugiyama ◽  
Ryota Terashima ◽  
Shiro Kurusu ◽  
Mitsumori Kawaminami
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractWhile extracellular vesicles play a role in intercellular communication, it is not known how their release is regulated. We show here that hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates extracellular vesicle (EV) formation associated with annexin A5 (ANXA5) from pituitary gonadotropes. The results show that 1) membrane blebs containing ANXA5 are produced after GnRH agonist (GnRHa) stimulation of gonadotropes and that this is observed in situ as a loss of distinction at cell-cell boundaries, 2) EV containing ANXA5 are increased by GnRHa, 3) a gonadotrope-derived EV fraction stimulates LH release from other gonadotropes, and 4) an increase in ANXA5-loaded EV occurs in the plasma of ovariectomized rats. Finally, we also showed that 5) GnRHa stimulation of blebbing and EV-ANXA5 were suppressed by a protein kinase A inhibitor. These present results demonstrate a novel autocrine/paracrine mechanism mediated through the production of EV containing ANXA5. A hormonal regulation mechanism of cell-cell communication by means of EV is suggested.

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