Abstract P223: Cardiometabolic Disease Costs Associated With an Unhealthy Diet in the United States

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Jardim ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian ◽  
Shafika Abrahams-Gessel ◽  
Stephen Sy ◽  
Yujin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Disease Costs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

Introduction: Despite the clear association between poor diet and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) and the overall economic burden of such conditions, the costs of an unhealthy diet pattern have not been assessed for the US population. Aim: Estimate the costs of CMD related to suboptimal intakes of 10 specific dietary factors in the US adult population. Methods: A validated microsimulation model (CVD PREDICT) was populated by weighted sampling (with replacement) of individuals aged 35–85y from the 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), in order to create an US representative model population. Consumption of 10 foods/nutrients associated with CMD were assessed: fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds, whole grains, unprocessed red meats, processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, polyunsaturated fats, seafood omega-3 fats, and sodium. Cardiovascular disease progression and events were simulated and annual healthcare costs estimations were calculated. The model compared reported consumption of the 10 food/nutrients in the NHANES surveys to a hypothetical situation in which the consumption level of these nutrients were optimal. Each food/nutrient was assessed individually and combined. Estimates were stratified by gender, age, race and insurance. Results: The 2012 annual cost of an unhealthy diet was $USD 280 (Acute $USD 236, Chronic $USD 40 and Drug $USD 4) per adult. Individually the food/nutrient consumed below optimal levels that imposed the highest CMD economic burden was nuts/seeds ($USD 75) while non-optimal red meat consumption was associated with the lowest cost per person ($USD 3). Unhealthy diet costs of CMD by gender, age group, race and insurance are provided in table 1. The annual unhealthy diet cost of CMD in the US was $USD 44.9bn in 2012. Acute care costs represent 84.3% of this total ($USD 37.9bn). Conclusions: Suboptimal diet accounts for substantial CMD costs in the US, highlighting the need for timely implementation of diet policies to address these burdens.

The economic burden of vertigo and dizziness in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Ruthberg ◽  
Chandruganesh Rasendran ◽  
Armine Kocharyan ◽  
Sarah E. Mowry ◽  
Todd D. Otteson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
Limited Information

BACKGROUND: Vertigo and dizziness are extremely common conditions in the adult population and therefore place a significant social and economic burden on both patients and the healthcare system. However, limited information is available for the economic burden of vertigo and dizziness across various health care settings. OBJECTIVE: Estimate the economic burden of vertigo and dizziness, controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical comorbidities. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (2007–2015) was performed to analyze individuals with vertigo or dizziness from a nationally representative sample of the United States. Participants were included via self-reported data and International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision Clinical Modification codes. A cross-validated 2-component generalized linear model was utilized to assess vertigo and dizziness expenditures across demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics while controlling for covariates. Costs and utilization across various health care service sectors, including inpatient, outpatient, emergency department, home health, and prescription medications were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 221,273 patients over 18 years, 5,275 (66% female, 34% male) reported either vertigo or dizziness during 2007–2015. More patients with vertigo or dizziness were female, older, non-Hispanic Caucasian, publicly insured, and had significant clinical comorbidities compared to patients without either condition. Furthermore, each of these demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics lead to significantly elevated costs due to having these conditions for patients. Significantly higher medical expenditures and utilization across various healthcare sectors were associated with vertigo or dizziness (p <  0.001). The mean incremental annual healthcare expenditure directly associated with vertigo or dizziness was $2,658.73 (95% CI: 1868.79, 3385.66) after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Total annual medical expenditures for patients with dizziness or vertigo was $48.1 billion. CONCLUSION: Vertigo and dizziness lead to substantial expenses for patients across various healthcare settings. Determining how to limit costs and improve the delivery of care for these patients is of the utmost importance given the severe morbidity, disruption to daily living, and major socioeconomic burden associated with these conditions.

Abstract P183: 20-year Secular Trend of Cardiovascular Disease Comorbidities in the United States, 1997-2016

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
Xiaoyun Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Chronic Comorbidities

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the number one cause of death and disability in the US and globally for decades, and its comorbidity complicates the management of CVD. However, little is known about the secular trend of CVD comorbidities in national representative populations in the last 20 years. Methods: Prevalence of CVD and nine major chronic comorbidities was estimated using data from 1,324,214 adults aged 18 years and older in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1997 through 2016, with age-standardized to the U.S. population in the year 2000. Results: CVD prevalence in the US adult population significantly declined in the past twenty years (from 6.6% in 1997 to 5.9% in 2016, P trend <0.01in Figure a). And such trend was shown in women and whites (P trend <0.01), but not in men and blacks (P trend >0.05). We ranked the nine major chronic comorbidities (high to low) in the CVD patients (Figure b.), including (1) hypertension, (2) respiratory conditions, (3) nervous system conditions, (4) digestive conditions, (5) diabetes, (6) cancer, (7) genitourinary conditions, (8) circulatory conditions, and (9) endocrine/nutritional/metabolic conditions. From 1997 to 2016, the prevalence of CVD comorbidities including hypertension (38.8% to 50.2%), digestive conditions (17.0% to 27.1%), diabetes (10.0% to 19.2%), cancer (9.4% to 12.8%), and genitourinary conditions (4.1% to 5.2%) continuingly increased (all P trend <0.01), while respiratory conditions declined (35.9% to 27.6%, P trend <0.01). Similar trends of CVD comorbidities were observed among subgroups stratified by gender or by race. Conclusions: CVD prevalence in the U.S. adults have declined significantly in the past two decades, but rates of CVD comorbidities including hypertension, digestive conditions, diabetes, cancer, and genitourinary conditions increased substantially.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Pediatric and Adult Populations: Recent Estimates From Large National Databases in the United States, 2007–2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhou Ye ◽  
Sudhakar Manne ◽  
William R Treem ◽  
Dimitri Bennett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
National Databases

Abstract Background The latest estimate of the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the United States was based on 2009 data, which indicates a need for an up-to-date re-estimation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of all forms of IBD including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD), and IBD unspecified (IBDU). Methods Pediatric (age 2–17) and adult (age ≥18) IBD patients were identified from 2 large claims databases. For each year between 2007 and 2016, prevalence was calculated per 100,000 population and standardized based on the 2016 national Census. A fixed-effects meta-analytical model was used for overall prevalence. Results The pediatric prevalence of IBD overall increased by 133%, from 33.0/100,000 in 2007 to 77.0/100,000 in 2016. Among children, CD was twice as prevalent as UC (45.9 vs 21.6). Prevalence was higher in boys than girls for all forms of IBD, in contrast to the adult population where the prevalence was higher in women than men. We also found that the 10–17 age subgroup was the major contributor to the rising pediatric IBD prevalence. For adults, the prevalence of IBD overall increased by 123%, from 214.9 in 2007 to 478.4 in 2016. The prevalence rates of UC and CD were similar (181.1 vs 197.7) in 2016. Conclusions Inflammatory bowel disease continues to affect a substantial proportion of the US population. In 2016, 1 in 209 adults and 1 in 1299 children aged 2–17 were affected by IBD. Prevalence of IBD has been increasing compared with previously published 2009 data.

scholarly journals Mental Distress in the United States at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1628-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calliope Holingue ◽  
Luther G. Kalb ◽  
Kira E. Riehm ◽  
Daniel Bennett ◽  
Arie Kapteyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Completion Date ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental distress in US adults. Methods. Participants were 5065 adults from the Understanding America Study, a probability-based Internet panel representative of the US adult population. The main exposure was survey completion date (March 10–16, 2020). The outcome was mental distress measured via the 4-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire. Results. Among states with 50 or more COVID-19 cases as of March 10, each additional day was significantly associated with an 11% increase in the odds of moving up a category of distress (odds ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.01, 1.21; P = .02). Perceptions about the likelihood of getting infected, death from the virus, and steps taken to avoid infecting others were associated with increased mental distress in the model that included all states. Individuals with higher consumption of alcohol or cannabis or with history of depressive symptoms were at significantly higher risk for mental distress. Conclusions. These data suggest that as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, mental distress may continue to increase and should be regularly monitored. Specific populations are at high risk for mental distress, particularly those with preexisting depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals The prevalence of MS in the United States

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. e1029-e1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell T. Wallin ◽  
William J. Culpepper ◽  
Jonathan D. Campbell ◽  
Lorene M. Nelson ◽  
Annette Langer-Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Group A ◽  
Us Census

ObjectiveTo generate a national multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence estimate for the United States by applying a validated algorithm to multiple administrative health claims (AHC) datasets.MethodsA validated algorithm was applied to private, military, and public AHC datasets to identify adult cases of MS between 2008 and 2010. In each dataset, we determined the 3-year cumulative prevalence overall and stratified by age, sex, and census region. We applied insurance-specific and stratum-specific estimates to the 2010 US Census data and pooled the findings to calculate the 2010 prevalence of MS in the United States cumulated over 3 years. We also estimated the 2010 prevalence cumulated over 10 years using 2 models and extrapolated our estimate to 2017.ResultsThe estimated 2010 prevalence of MS in the US adult population cumulated over 10 years was 309.2 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 308.1–310.1), representing 727,344 cases. During the same time period, the MS prevalence was 450.1 per 100,000 (95% CI 448.1–451.6) for women and 159.7 (95% CI 158.7–160.6) for men (female:male ratio 2.8). The estimated 2010 prevalence of MS was highest in the 55- to 64-year age group. A US north-south decreasing prevalence gradient was identified. The estimated MS prevalence is also presented for 2017.ConclusionThe estimated US national MS prevalence for 2010 is the highest reported to date and provides evidence that the north-south gradient persists. Our rigorous algorithm-based approach to estimating prevalence is efficient and has the potential to be used for other chronic neurologic conditions.

scholarly journals Weight Mobility and Obesity in a Representative Sample of the US Adult Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Deanna J. M. Isaman ◽  
Amy E. Rothberg
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background. Despite the attention given to the prevalence of obesity, surprisingly little is known about the incidence or reduction of obesity. We report the 1-year incidence and remission of obesity in a representative sample of the US population. Methods. Individuals from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) panel 17 were classified into standard obesity categories at enrollment and one year later. Incidence rates were calculated by age. Results. Although the overall prevalence of obesity remained nearly constant, remission rates from obesity (stratified by age) ranged from 11 to 27% while incidence rates ranged from 6 to 16%. For almost all age levels, the proportion of individuals leaving an obese or overweight state was greater than or equal to the proportion who progressed to a more severe level of overweight or obesity. Overall, 36% of adults lost at least 2.5 kg/m2 in the one-year period; only 8% gained 2.5 kg/m2 or more. Individuals less than 25 years of age had higher rates of leaving overweight (23% versus <16%) and obesity (27% versus 24%) classifications than people of other ages. Conclusions. Prevalence rates of obesity are well documented in the United States, but incidence is understudied. Public health efforts that target young people with overweight or obesity may yield the greatest benefit.

scholarly journals Association Between Lifetime Classic Psychedelic Use and Hypertension in the Past Year

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1510-1516
Author(s):  
Otto Simonsson ◽  
Peter S. Hendricks ◽  
Robin Carhart-Harris ◽  
Hannes Kettner ◽  
Walter Osika
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005–2014), weighted to be representative of the US adult population, the present study investigated the association between lifetime classic psychedelic use and hypertension in the past year among adults in the United States. The results showed that respondents who reported having used a classic psychedelic at least once in their lifetime had significantly lower odds of hypertension in the past year after adjusting for several potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86 [0.81–0.91]; P <0.0001). Notably, when analyzing the associations between hypertension in the past year and lifetime use of the main classes of classic psychedelics, namely tryptamines (N,N-dimethyltryptamine, ayahuasca, and psilocybin), lysergic acid diethylamide (a lysergamide), and phenethylamines (mescaline, peyote, and San Pedro), only the association with lifetime tryptamine use was significant (adjusted odds ratio, 0.80 [0.73–0.89]; P =0.0001). Though these associations are novel, rigorous randomized controlled trials are warranted to investigate potential causal pathways of classic psychedelics on blood pressure.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypotension in populations of the Russian Federation and the United States of America according to 30-year follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
V. G. Vilkov ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
Yu. A. Balanova ◽  
S. E. Evstifeeva ◽  
A. E. Imaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Aim. To study the prevalence of hypotension according to several criteria in the Russia and the USA.Material and methods. We used data of Russian population studies performed in 1975-1982 and ESSE-RF study performed in 2012-2014 at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. A comparison was made with the data of cross-sectional stu - dies of the US population — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): NHANES II (1976-1980) and Continuous NHANES (2007-2012). We analyzed age, sex, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence of individuals with hypotension was calculated in men and women of five age groups using four different criteria for hypertension.Results. The prevalence of hypotension in studies of different years according to different criteria was as follows: in the Russia — 0,3-9,0% in men and 2-15% in women; in the USA — 5-30% in men and 8-45% in women. In age group >30 years, the prevalence of hypotension in Russia, by most criteria, decreased approximately by 50% in men and did not change in women. In the United States, according to all criteria, the prevalence in men and women has increased 2-3 times.Conclusion. The prevalence of hypotension in the adult population ranges from decimal percentages to 45% and varies many times depending on the selected criterion.

Re-examination of dairy as a single commodity in US dietary guidance

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T Jacobs ◽  
Janet A Foote ◽  
Lindsay N Kohler ◽  
Meghan B Skiba ◽  
Cynthia A Thomson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Group ◽  
School Breakfast Program ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lunch Program ◽  
Single Commodity

Abstract Dairy products have been a key component of dietary guidance in the United States for more than 100 years. In light of major advances in the understanding of dietary intake and metabolism, the aim of this review was to examine whether dairy should remain a single commodity in federal guidance. Considerations include recognizing that a substantial proportion of the world’s adult population (65%–70%) exhibits lactase nonpersistence, a reduced ability to metabolize lactose to glucose and galactose. Shifts in the US population, including a greater proportion of African Americans and Asians, are of key importance because several studies have shown a markedly higher prevalence of lactase nonpersistence and, consequently, a lower dairy intake among these groups. While cow’s milk alternatives are available, families who use them will pay up to an additional $1400 per year compared with those who are able to consume dairy products. Dietary guidance also contains downstream effects for government assistance, such as the US Department of Agriculture’s National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program. For reasons like these, Canada has recently removed dairy as a separate food group in national dietary guidance. The results of the present review suggest that consideration of this modification when developing population-level guidelines in the United States is warranted.

scholarly journals The Estimated Economic Burden of Cancers Attributable to Suboptimal Diet in the United States (OR17-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Khushalani ◽  
Frederick Cudhea ◽  
Donatus Ekwueme ◽  
Diane Harris ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Care ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Abstract Objectives Suboptimal diet has been estimated as a major preventable cost of cancer. We aimed to quantify the 5-year direct medical costs for the estimated proportion of cancers attributed to suboptimal consumption of 7 dietary factors (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, processed meats, red meats, sodium, and sugar-sweetened beverages) among US adults. Methods A Comparative Risk Assessment model was used to estimate the population attributable fractions (PAFs) for each diet-cancer pair and joint PAFs for 15 cancers. A Markov cohort model with Monte Carlo simulations was used to compute 5-year cancer costs attributable to suboptimal diet using PAFs, phase-specific costs of cancer care, and probability of death. Data inputs include national dietary data from the 2011–14 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), optimal intake from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates, cancer incidence and survival from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, and phase-specific costs of cancer care and projections from published literature. Results The estimated 5-year direct medical cost of 15 cancers attributed to 7 dietary factors was $4.5 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: $4.3-$4.8). Largest costs (82%) were from colorectal cancer ($2.8 billion, 95% UI: $2.6-$3.0), and due to consumption of insufficient whole grains ($1.9 billion, 95% UI: $1.7-$2.1) and excess processed meat ($1.1 billion, 95% UI: $1.0-$1.3). Total estimated 5-year direct medical costs for cancer attributable to other dietary factors included $0.8 and $0.5 billion for insufficient vegetable and fruit consumption, respectively and $0.4, $0.2 and $0.2 billion for high intake of red meat, sodium and sugar-sweetened beverages, respectively. Conclusions These novel findings highlight the opportunity to reduce cancer and associated costs via nutritional policies for the primary prevention of cancer. The results can also inform and serve as inputs for economic evaluation and design and testing of diet-related interventions to prevent cancer in the U.S. Funding Sources None. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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