Abstract 14758: Contrasting Effects of Phospholipid Linked Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid on Membrane Structure and Stability

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Sherratt ◽  
Deepak L Bhatt ◽  
Preston Mason
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Core Electron ◽  
Icosapent Ethyl ◽  
Omega 6

Background: Treatment with prescription, high dose, stable icosapent ethyl (IPE), which is metabolized to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), significantly reduced clinical events in high-risk patients with either cardiovascular disease or diabetes plus other risk factors (REDUCE-IT). Previous studies suggest that the benefits of EPA, an omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA), correlate positively with its levels and ratio to arachidonic acid (AA) in circulation and cellular membranes. Unlike EPA, AA is an omega-6 fatty acid (O6FA) that, along with its metabolites, contributes to inflammation and diabetes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the separate and combined effects of phospholipid-linked EPA and AA on membrane structure. Methods: Small angle x-ray diffraction approaches compared the effects of 1-palmitoyl-2-eicosapentaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PL-EPA) and 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PL-AA) at a 1:20 ratio in membranes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and cholesterol (C) at a 0.3:1 C:PL ratio. As a control, we also evaluated membranes consisting of POPC and C only at the same C:PL ratio. Electron density profiles (electrons/Å 3 vs Å) generated from the diffraction data served to determine membrane structure, including its width or d -space, at 1 Å resolution. Results: Addition of PL-EPA increased membrane hydrocarbon core electron density over a broad area ± 0-10 Å from the membrane center, indicating a stabilizing effect on surrounding phospholipid acyl chains. By contrast, PL-AA caused a smaller, bimodal increase in electron density centered at ± 7 Å from the center of the membrane corresponding to its terminal double bonds. The membrane widths of the PL-EPA and PL-AA containing membranes were similar at 58 ± 0.7 Å and 57 ± 0.5 Å, respectively. The combination of PL-EPA with PL-AA highly attenuated the stabilizing effects of EPA on the membrane. Conclusion: PL-EPA causes membrane stability in a manner that is disrupted by the presence of PL-AA. The contrasting effects of PL-EPA and PL-AA on membrane structure may contribute to differences in biological activity.

Abstract 335: Distinct Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Linked Phospholipids on Membrane Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preston Mason ◽  
Samuel Sherratt ◽  
Deepak L Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Core Electron ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

In REDUCE-IT, prescription eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA), significantly reduced ischemic events in patients with diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Treatments containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have not shown similar benefits in other trials. EPA and DHA differentially influence lipid oxidation, signal transduction, fluidity, and cholesterol domain formation, potentially due to distinct membrane interactions. Small angle x-ray diffraction approaches compared the separate and combined effects of 1-palmitoyl-2-eicosapentaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PL-EPA) and 1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoic-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PL-DHA) at a 1:20 ratio in membranes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PL-OA) and cholesterol (C) at a 0.3:1 C:PL ratio. As a control, we also evaluated membranes consisting of PL-OA and C only. Electron density profiles (electrons/Å 3 vs Å) generated from the diffraction data served to determine membrane structure, including its width or d -space, at 1 Å resolution (Fig. 1A). Addition of PL-EPA increased membrane hydrocarbon core electron density over a broad area ± 0-10 Å from the membrane center, indicating an energetically favorable extended membrane orientation for EPA, stabilized by van der Waals interactions (Fig. 1B). By contrast, PL-DHA increased electron density in the phospholipid head group region concomitant with disordering in the hydrocarbon core ± 0-9 Å (Fig. 1C). Addition of the PL-O3FAs did not alter the overall membrane width (57 ± 1 Å). The combination of PL-EPA with PL-DHA highly attenuated their separate effects on the hydrocarbon core and headgroup (Fig. 1D). The contrasting EPA and DHA effects on membrane structure signify distinct molecular orientations that may contribute to observed differences in biological activity.

The influence of a basic military training diet on whole blood fatty acid profile and the Omega-3 Index of Australian Army recruits.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Peoples ◽  
Penelope Larsen ◽  
Heather M Bowes ◽  
Jarrin Coombes ◽  
Jace R Drain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Finger Prick ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Army Recruits

This study described the whole blood fatty acid profile and Omega-3 Index (O3I) of Australian Army recruits at the commencement and completion of basic military training (BMT). Eighty (80) males (17-34 y, 77.4±13.0 kg, 43.5±4.3 mL/kg/min) and 37 females (17-45 y, 64.3±8.8 kg, 39.3±2.7 mL/kg/min) volunteered to participate (N=117). Whole blood samples of each recruit were collected using a finger prick in weeks 1 and 11 (n=82) and analysed via gas chromatography for the relative proportions of each fatty acid (mean [95% CI]). The macronutrient characteristics of the diet offerings was also determined. At commencement there was a low omega-3 status (sum of omega-3; 4.95% [4.82-5.07]) and O3I (5.03% [4.90-5.16]) and no recruit recorded an O3I >8% (desirable). The omega-6/omega-3 (7.04 [6.85-7.23]) and arachidonic acid / eicosapentaenoic acid (AA/EPA) (18.70 [17.86-19.53]) ratios for the cohort were also undesirable. The BMT mess menu provided a maximum of 190 mg/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 260 mg/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The O3I of the recruits was lower by week 11 (4.62% [4.51-4.78], p<0.05), the omega-6/omega-3 increased (7.27 [7.07-7.47] p<0.05) and the AA/EPA remained elevated (17.85 [16.89-18.81]). In conclusion, Australian Army recruits’ omega-3 status remained undesirable during BMT and deserves nutritional attention. Novelty Bullets • Australian Army recruits’ Omega-3 Index, at the commencement of BMT, was reflective of the Western-style diet. • The BMT diet offered minimum opportunity for daily EPA and DHA consumption. • Every recruit experienced a further reduction of their Omega-3 Index during BMT.

scholarly journals EFFEK ASAM LEMAK OMEGA 3, OMEGA 6 DAN KOLESTEROL SINTETIS TERHADAP REPRODUKSI PUYUH JANTAN (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PETERNAK

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abyadul Fitriyah ◽  
Isyaturriyadhah Isyaturriyadhah
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Eicosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega

This research aims to know the effects of using Omega 3, Omega 6 Fatty Acid and Cholesterol synthetic on Hormone Testosterone Level, voice frequency, and male quails reproduction organ. The research used 175 male quails which were divided in to 7 treatment groups; R0 (control), R1 (0,163 mg eicosapentaenoic acid), R2 (0,326 mg eicosapentaenoic acid), R3 (0,163 mg 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoic acid), R4 (0,326 mg 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoic acid), R5 (20 mg cholesterol NF), R6 (40 mg cholesterol NF). Cholesterol and fatty acid treatment were given orally for five days in succession for each treatment group. Data were analyzed with one-way analyze, and then continued with orthogonal contrast test and morphometric test. The research output, omega 3, omega 6 fatty acid with double dose (0,326 mg), showed the best response: the increase of the testis weight, height, diameter, and volume. The highest hormone testosterone level was showed by R2 treatment. The conclusion is that using 0,326 mg omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acid affected the reproduction organ's improvement and male quail's blood plasma and hormone testosterone level

Abstract 318: Eicosapentaenoic Acid Improved Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Reduced Nitroxidative Stress in Human Endothelial Cells in Contrast to Arachidonic Acid In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preston Mason ◽  
Hazem Dawoud ◽  
Samuel Sherratt ◽  
Peter Libby ◽  
Deepak L Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
High Dose ◽  
No Production ◽  
Time Points ◽  
No Release

Treatment with prescription, high dose, stable icosapent ethyl (IPE), which is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA), significantly reduced clinical events in high-risk patients with diabetes and other risk factors or cardiovascular disease (REDUCE-IT). Previous studies suggest that the benefits of EPA correlate positively with its levels and ratio to arachidonic acid (AA) in circulation. Unlike EPA, AA is an omega-6 fatty acid (O6FA) that, along with its metabolites, contributes to inflammation and diabetes. One mechanism of benefit of an increased EPA to AA ratio may be improved endothelial cell (EC) function, as evidenced by increased nitric oxide (NO) release and decreased nitroxidative (ONOO – ) stress. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with EPA or AA at equimolar levels (10 μM) at various time points (4-24 hr) in 5% FBS. Following treatment, the cells were stimulated with calcium ionophore and assayed for the ratio of NO and ONOO – release, an indicator of eNOS coupling, using tandem porphyrinic nanosensors. ECs treated with EPA had significantly greater NO release following stimulation compared with vehicle at all time points, including 17% and 21% at 4 and 24 hr, respectively (p<0.05 and p<0.01) without changes in eNOS expression. By contrast, AA did not significantly improve NO production. ECs treated with EPA also showed a non-significant reduction in ONOO - release by 10% at 4 hr and 14% at 24 hr. EPA, but not AA, increased NO/ONOO - release ratio by 42% (4.03 ± 0.06 vs 2.83 ± 0.05; p <0.01) by 24 hr. Thus, EPA increased NO bioavailability in human ECs, unlike AA, due to improved eNOS coupling and reduced oxidative stress. These findings support a preferential benefit of EPA on endothelial function as compared to AA and supports further investigation.

scholarly journals Acyl chain asymmetry and polyunsaturation of brain phospholipids facilitate membrane vesiculation without leakage

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco M Manni ◽  
Marion L Tiberti ◽  
Sophie Pagnotta ◽  
Hélène Barelli ◽  
Romain Gautier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Synaptic Membranes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Brain Phospholipids ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Membrane Vesiculation ◽  
Neuronal Functions ◽  
The Impact

Phospholipid membranes form cellular barriers but need to be flexible enough to divide by fission. Phospholipids generally contain a saturated fatty acid (FA) at position sn1 whereas the sn2-FA is saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated. Our understanding of the impact of phospholipid unsaturation on membrane flexibility and fission is fragmentary. Here, we provide a comprehensive view of the effects of the FA profile of phospholipids on membrane vesiculation by dynamin and endophilin. Coupled to simulations, this analysis indicates that: (i) phospholipids with two polyunsaturated FAs make membranes prone to vesiculation but highly permeable; (ii) asymmetric sn1-saturated-sn2-polyunsaturated phospholipids provide a tradeoff between efficient membrane vesiculation and low membrane permeability; (iii) When incorporated into phospholipids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; omega-3) makes membranes more deformable than arachidonic acid (omega-6). These results suggest an explanation for the abundance of sn1-saturated-sn2-DHA phospholipids in synaptic membranes and for the importance of the omega-6/omega-3 ratio on neuronal functions.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

scholarly journals Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) status in severe preeclampsia and preterm birth: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Irwinda ◽  
Rabbania Hiksas ◽  
Aprilia Asthasari Siregar ◽  
Yudianto Budi Saroyo ◽  
Noroyono Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractLong-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LCPUFA) is essential throughout pregnancy, since deficiency of LPUFA may linked to obstetrical complications. This study aimed to investigate LCPUFA status in severe preeclampsia and preterm birth. A cross sectional study was conducted in 104 pregnant women, which divided into normal pregnancy, severe preeclampsia and preterm birth groups. Serum percentage and concentration of total LCPUFA, omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-6, linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Severe preeclampsia showed the highest concentration of total PUFA and the lowest DHA percentage, with significantly higher Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio (p = 0.004) and lower omega-3 index (p < 0.002) compared to control. Preterm birth showed the least omega-3 concentrations, with significantly low omega-6 derivates (LA (p = 0.014) and AA (p = 0.025)) compared to control. LCPUFA parameters have shown to increase the risk in both conditions, particularly ALA ≤ 53 µmol/L in preeclampsia with OR 5.44, 95%CI 1.16–25.42 and preterm birth with OR 4.68, 95%CI 1.52–14.38. These findings suggest that severe preeclampsia and preterm birth have an imbalance in LCPUFA status.

scholarly journals The Fatty Acid Profile in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: Why It Could Be Unsuspected

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Castro-Correia ◽  
S. Sousa ◽  
S. Norberto ◽  
C. Matos ◽  
V. F. Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

Context. Several studies have shown a link between proinflammatory activity and the presence or deficit of some fatty acids. Inflammation is associated with several diseases including diabetes.Objective. To characterize and compare the fatty acids profiles in children with inaugural type 1 diabetes, diabetic children (at least 1 year after diagnosis), and healthy children.Design. Plasma fatty acids profiles in children with inaugural diabetes, children with noninaugural diabetes, and controls, all of whom were prepubescent with a BMI < 85th percentile, were evaluated.Results. Omega-3 fatty acid levels were higher in recently diagnosed subjects with diabetes than in controls. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids was higher in the control population. Omega-6 fatty acid levels were higher in the nonrecent diabetic subjects than in the children with recently diagnosed diabetes, and the levels were higher in the nonrecent diabetes group compared to the control group.Conclusion. Our findings showed higher levels of alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA, as well as mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in diabetic children. These findings reinforce the importance of precocious nutritional attention and intervention in the treatment of diabetic children.

Effect of a Novel Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Supplement on Dry Eye Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Ng ◽  
Jill Woods ◽  
Theresa Jahn ◽  
Lyndon W. Jones ◽  
Jenna Sullivan Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Acid Supplement ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplement

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN SUHU PENGOLAHAN DENGAN METODE STEAM JACKETED SEDERHANA TERHADAP MUTU MINYAK DARI LIMBAH KEPALA IKAN MACKEREL Different Processing Temperatures of Simple Steam Jacketed Method toward Quality of Crude Fish Oil from Head Wasteof Mackerel

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Rukmana Rahayu Lestari ◽  
Ratna Ibrahim ◽  
Putut Har Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Omega 6

ABSTRAK   Proses pengolahan minyak ikan kasar dengan metode steam jacketed di salah satu perusahaan pengolahan hasil perikanan menggunakan bahan baku campuran limbah padat pengalengan ikan Mackerel dengan suhu yang tinggi 90-100 °C menghasilkan produk yang belum memenuhi persyaratan mutu minyak ikan secara nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan suhu pengolahan minyak ikan kasar ≤ 85 °C dari kepala ikan Mackerel tanpa insang dengan metode steam jacketed sederhana terhadap mutu produknya serta untuk mengetahui suhu dan lama waktu pengolahan yang menghasilkan minyak ikan kasar yang memenuhi persyaratan mutu secara nasional maupun internasional. Materi penelitian berupa kepala ikan Mackerel tanpa insang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental laboratoris. Percobaan dirancang dengan Rancangan Percobaan Kelompok dengan perlakuan suhu berbeda (85 °C, 75 °C, dan 65 °C). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Variabel mutu yang diamati adalah asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, bilangan iod, kadar air, rendemen dan nilai sensori, serta uji profil asam lemak untuk produk yang terbaik. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan perbedaan diantara perlakuan diuji dengan Uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan suhu pengolahan minyak ikan kasar dari kepala ikan Mackerel tanpa insang dengan metode steam jacketed sederhana memberikan pengaruh berbeda nyata terhadap nilai asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, bilangan iod, dan rendemen, tetapi tidak menyebabkan perbedaan nyata terhadap nilai sensori. Mutu produk terbaik yaitu produk yang diolah pada suhu 65 °C selama 20 menit, produk tersebut mengandung asam lemak omega-3 dan omega-6.   Kata kunci: Kepala ikan Mackerel, Minyak ikan kasar, Steam jacketed sederhana     ABSTRACT  The process of crude fish oil processing using the steam jacketed method in a fish product processing company which uses the raw material of solid mixed waste of canned Mackerel at 90-100 °C result in the products which have not fulfilled the requirement of national fish oil quality. The purpose of this research is to figure out the effect of processing temperature difference in the processing of crude fish oil below or at 85 °C from gill-less Mackerel fish head using the simple steam jacketed method on the quality of the processing products. This research is also intended to figure out the temperature and duration for the processing which produces the crude fish oil to fulfill both national and international quality standard.The research materials were gill-less Mackerel fish heads. The research was conducted using laboratory experimental method. The experiments were designed into Randomized Block Design with difference temperatures (85 °C, 75 °C, and 65 °C). Each of the temperature treatments was made in triplicate. The quality variables to be observed were free fatty acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, moisture content, yield and sensory value. The quality variables which made the best treatment was then tested using the fatty acid profile test for the best crude fish oil product. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, and the difference among the treatments were tested using HSD test.The research result showed that the temperature difference in crude fish oil processing from gill-less Mackerel fish heads using the simple steam jacketed method gave significantly different effect on free fatty acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, and yield. However, did not give significantly different effect on sensory value. The best product quality was obtained from the product which was processed at 65 °C for 20 minutes, the product contains fatty acid omega-3 and omega-6. Keywords: Crude fish oil, Mackerel fish head, Simple steam jacketed method

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