scholarly journals Long-Distance Skiing and Incidence of Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
pp. 743-750
Author(s):  
Kasper Andersen ◽  
Ulf Hållmarker ◽  
Stefan James ◽  
Johan Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Drug Registry ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Cross Country Skiing

Background: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for death worldwide, and high levels of physical activity are associated with a lower incidence of hypertension. The associations of excessive levels of exercise and incidence of hypertension are less well known. We aim to compare the incidence of hypertension among 206 889 participants in a long-distance cross-country skiing event and 505 542 people randomly sampled from the general population (matched to the skiers on age, sex, and place of residence). Methods: Skiers’ best performance (in percent of winning time) and number of completed races during the study period were associated with incidence of hypertension after participation in Vasaloppet. Hypertension was defined as prescription of blood pressure–lowering drugs as obtained from the national drug registry. Models were adjusted for sex, age, education, and income (total effect). Results: During a median time of risk of 8.3 years, skiers had a lower incidence of hypertension compared with nonskiers (hazard ratio [HR], 0.59 [95% CI, 0.58–0.60]). Among the skiers, better performance (in percent of winning time) in Vasaloppet was strongly associated with a lower incidence of hypertension (fastest fifth: HR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.39-0.42]; slowest fifth: HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.75–0.81]). The association was nearly linear and did not differ between sexes. Among the skiers, a weaker association was seen between the number of completed races during the study period and the incidence of hypertension (1 race: HR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.62–0.65]; >5 races: HR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.50–0.53]). A subanalysis of 10 804 participants including adjustment for lifestyle factors showed similar results. Conclusions: Participation in a long-distance skiing event was associated with a 41% lower incidence of hypertension over the next 8 years compared with nonparticipation. A near linear association between performance and incidence of hypertension was observed. This adds to the list of beneficial effects of intensive training, because hypertension is the leading risk factor of premature death globally.

scholarly journals Sex-specific associations of ceramides with cardiopulmonary fitness in the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Zatloukal ◽  
MRP Markus ◽  
R Ewert ◽  
S Glaeser ◽  
N Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): German Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) Introduction According to the WHO 17.9 million people die because of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) each year, being the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide. Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important risk factor for CVD. Recent research showed that long-chain unsaturated ceramides are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events, thus identifying ceramides as a potential novel and independent risk factor. However, not all ceramides are equal. We previously showed beneficial effects of very-long-chain ceramides (i.e. C24:0 and C24:0/C16:0 ratio) with higher concentrations being inversely associated with all-cause mortality and CVD events. Purpose We would like to investigate, if ceramides mediated their effects on developing CVD by affecting CRF. Therefore, we explored the association of three specific ceramides (C16:0, C22:0 and C24:0) and their ratios with different parameters of CRF. Methods We used data of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1) from North Germany (N: 1,247/men: 583, median age: 50.8 years/women: 664, median age: 50.2 years). Ceramides and CRF were assessed by LC/MS assay and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing, respectively. VO2peak, VO2@AT, Wmax and respective indexing per kg body weight were used as outcomes. We used sex-stratified, multiple adjusted linear regression models. Participants with asthma, chronic lung disease, LVEF < 40% and cancer were excluded. Results In men, a 1-unit higher C24:0/C16:0 ratio was associated with higher VO2peak/kg (0.199 ml/min/kg [95% CI: 0.032, 0.365], P = 0.019), Wmax (1.368 W [0.033, 2.404], P = 0.010) and Wmax/kg (0.018 W/kg [0.007, 0.029], P = 0.002). In addition, a 1 µg/ml higher C24:0 concentration was related to greater Wmax/kg (0.054 W/kg [0.009, 0.099], P = 0.018). In women, a 1-unit greater C24:0/C16:0 ratio was associated with greater VO2peak (8.603 ml/min [0.019, 17.013], P = 0.045), VO2peak/kg (0.186 ml/min/kg [0.054, 0.319], P = 0.006), VO2@AT/kg (0.136 ml/min/kg [0.040, 0.231], P = 0.005) as well as higher Wmax/kg (0.015 W/kg [0.004, 0.026], P = 0.007). Furthermore, a 1 µg/ml higher C16:0 concentration was related to lower Wmax (-55.447 W [-101.775, -9.119], P = 0.019) and Wmax/kg (-0.736 W/kg [-1.341, -0.130], P = 0.017). Conclusions We report sex-specific associations between ceramides and CRF. In women, C24:0/C16:0 ratio was associated with more CRF parameters than in men. Furthermore, the single species C16:0 was significantly associated with lower maximal power in women only, whereas in men the single species C24:0 was significantly associated with higher maximal power. The positive association of the C24:0/C16:0 ratio with maximal CRF capacity is in agreement with previous findings of beneficial effects on the risk for CVD events and mortality. Future studies should explore the reason for different sex-specific ceramide profiles and whether ceramides are causally mediating their effects on CVD through CRF.

scholarly journals Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Muscle Specific Analysis of Intensity and Fatigue during Cross-Country Skiing Competition—A Case Report

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2535
Author(s):  
Thomas Stöggl ◽  
Dennis-Peter Born
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Muscle Groups

The aims of the study were to assess the robustness and non-reactiveness of wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology to monitor exercise intensity during a real race scenario, and to compare oxygenation between muscle groups important for cross-country skiing (XCS). In a single-case study, one former elite XCS (age: 39 years, peak oxygen uptake: 65.6 mL/kg/min) was equipped with four NIRS devices, a high-precision global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and a heart rate (HR) monitor during the Vasaloppet long-distance XCS race. All data were normalized to peak values measured during incremental laboratory roller skiing tests two weeks before the race. HR reflected changes in terrain and intensity, but showed a constant decrease of 0.098 beats per minute from start to finish. Triceps brachii (TRI) muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) showed an interchangeable pattern with HR and seems to be less affected by drift across the competition (0.027% drop per minute). Additionally, TRI and vastus lateralis (VL) SmO2 revealed specific loading and unloading pattern of XCS in uphill and downhill sections, while rectus abdominus (RA) SmO2 (0.111% drop per minute) reflected fatigue patterns occurring during the race. In conclusion, the present preliminary study shows that NIRS provides a robust and non-reactive method to monitor exercise intensity and fatigue mechanisms when applied in an outdoor real race scenario. As local exercise intensity differed between muscle groups and central exercise intensity (i.e., HR) during whole-body endurance exercise such as XCS, NIRS data measured at various major muscle groups may be used for a more detailed analysis of kinetics of muscle activation and compare involvement of upper body and leg muscles. As TRI SmO2 seemed to be unaffected by central fatigue mechanisms, it may provide an alternative method to HR and GNSS data to monitor exercise intensity.

Early Achievement of Blood Pressure Lowering and Hematoma Growth in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Stroke Acute Management with Urgent Risk-Factor Assessment and Improvement-Intracerebral Hemorrhage Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Yamaguchi ◽  
Masatoshi Koga ◽  
Shoichiro Sato ◽  
Hiroshi Yamagami ◽  
Kenichi Todo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Acute Management ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Risk Factor Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Hematoma Growth ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Observational Study

Background: Previous studies have revealed that hematoma growth mainly occurs during the first 6 h after the onset of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Early lowering of blood pressure (BP) may be beneficial for preventing hematoma growth. However, relationships between timing of BP lowering and hematoma growth in ICH remain unclear. We investigated associations between timing of BP lowering and hematoma growth for ICH. Methods: The Stroke Acute Management with Urgent Risk-factor Assessment and Improvement (SAMURAI)-ICH Study was a multicenter, prospective, observational study investigating the safety and feasibility of early (within 3 h from onset) reduction of systolic BP (SBP) to < 160 mm Hg with intravenous nicardipine for acute hypertension in cases of spontaneous ICH. The present study was a post hoc analysis of the SAMURAI-ICH study. We examined relationships between time from onset, imaging, and initiation of treatment to target SBP achievement and hematoma growth (absolute growth ≥6 mL) in ICH patients. Target SBP achievement was defined as the time at which SBP first became < 160 mm Hg. Results: Among 211 patients, hematoma growth was seen in 31 patients (14.7%). The time from imaging to target SBP and time from treatment to target SBP were significantly shorter in patients without hematoma growth than in those with (p = 0.043 and p = 0.032 respectively), whereas no significant difference was seen in time from onset to SBP < 160 mm Hg between groups (p = 0.177). Patients in the lower quartiles of time from imaging to target SBP and time from treatment to target SBP showed lower incidences of hematoma growth (p trend = 0.023 and 0.037 respectively). The lowest quartile of time from imaging to target SBP (< 38 min) was negatively associated with hematoma growth on multivariable logistic regression (OR 0.182; 95% CI 0.038–0.867; p = 0.032). Conclusions: Early achievement of target SBP < 160 mm Hg is associated with a lower risk of hematoma growth in ICH.

scholarly journals Circulating microRNAs in Fabry Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Xiao ◽  
Dongchao Lu ◽  
Jeannine Hoepfner ◽  
Laura Santer ◽  
Shashi Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mirna Sequencing ◽  
Continuous Progress ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase

Abstract Fabry disease is an X-linked deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal). This results in an accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GL-3/Gb3) in a variety of cells with subsequent functional impairment. The continuous progress of FD often leads to decreased quality of life and premature death caused by multi-organic complications. The overall aim of our study was to determine the amount of circulating miRNAs in Fabry patients and to test whether ERT would alter the level of individual circulating miRNAs. We used miRNA sequencing by the HTG EdgeSeq System to identify the circulating miRNA pool from Fabry patients with and without enzyme replacement therapy (n = 6). In total, 296 miRNAs in serum of patients were identified. Among them 9 miRNAs were further evaluated in extra serum samples (n = 31) using real-time qPCR and 6 of them showed significant differential expression. The resulting miRNA pattern may help to better understand mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of ERT and these new miRNA markers could help to estimate the efficacy of ERT or to identify Fabry patients with specific need for ERT.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Aqueous Extract on Vasodilator Function of Arteries from Hypertensive Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Diva M. Villalpando ◽  
Carlos M. Verdasco-Martín ◽  
Ignacio Plaza ◽  
Juan Gómez-Rivas ◽  
Fermín R de Bethencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Katp Channel ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder considered one of the major causes of premature death worldwide. This pathology is associated with vascular functional/structural alterations in which nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen reactive species participate. On the other hand, the use of microalgae extracts in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is increasing. Based on the antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of Spirulina, this study aims to investigate the effect of an aqueous extract of Spirulina on the vasodilator function of the aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), analyzing the functional role of NO. For this, aortic segments from male SHR were divided into two groups, one control and the other exposed to an Spirulina aqueous extract (0.1% w/v, for 3 hours), to analyze (i) the production of NO, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide; (ii) the vasodilator response induced by acetylcholine (ACh), by the NO donor and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and by the KATP channel opener and pinacidil; and (iii) the expression of the p-Akt, p-eNOS, and HO-1 proteins. The results showed that the aqueous Spirulina extract (i) increased the production of NO, did not significantly modify that of superoxide, while decreased that of hydrogen peroxide; (ii) increased the vasodilatory responses induced by ACh, NPS, and pinacidil; and (iii) increased the expression of p-Akt and HO-1. These results suggest that incubation with the aqueous Spirulina extract improves the vascular function of arteries from SHR by increasing the release/bioavailability/function of NO. Increased KATP channel activation and expression of pAkt and HO-1 appear to be participating in these actions.

scholarly journals Exercise Reduces the Resumption of Tumor Growth and Proteolytic Pathways in the Skeletal Muscle of Mice Following Chemotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3466
Author(s):  
Edson Alves de Lima ◽  
Alexandre Abilio de Souza Teixeira ◽  
Luana Amorim Biondo ◽  
Tiego Aparecido Diniz ◽  
Loreana Sanches Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Tumor Growth Rate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lung Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Doxorubicin Toxicity ◽  
Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Proteolytic Pathways

The pathogenesis of muscle atrophy plays a central role in cancer cachexia, and chemotherapy contributes to this condition. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of endurance exercise on time-dependent muscle atrophy caused by doxorubicin. For this, C57 BL/6 mice were subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC group). One week after the tumor establishment, a group of these animals initiated the doxorubicin chemotherapy alone (LLC + DOX group) or combined with endurance exercise (LLC + DOX + EXER group). One group of animals was euthanized after the chemotherapy cycle, whereas the remaining animals were euthanized one week after the last administration of doxorubicin. The practice of exercise combined with chemotherapy showed beneficial effects such as a decrease in tumor growth rate after chemotherapy interruption and amelioration of premature death due to doxorubicin toxicity. Moreover, the protein degradation levels in mice undergoing exercise returned to basal levels after chemotherapy; in contrast, the mice treated with doxorubicin alone experienced an increase in the mRNA expression levels of the proteolytic pathways in gastrocnemius muscle (Trim63, Fbxo32, Myostatin, FoxO). Collectively, our results suggest that endurance exercise could be utilized during and after chemotherapy for mitigating muscle atrophy promoted by doxorubicin and avoid the resumption of tumor growth.

Full-Dimensionality of Relating in Romantic Relationships

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca M. Miron ◽  
Frances H. Rauscher ◽  
Alexandra Reyes ◽  
David Gavel ◽  
Kourtney K. Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Distance Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Orientation ◽  
Practical Implications

We propose that an orientation toward relating to one's romantic partner via multiple sensory channels has beneficial effects for the relationship, especially for long-distance relationships. We used Wicklund's (2004) conceptualisation of full-dimensionality of relating and Brehm's (1999) emotional intensity theory to test the effects of a sensory multidimensional orientation and difficulty of maintaining the romantic relationship on feelings of love and commitment. In Study 1, we tested 55 participants involved in a long-distance romantic relationship and found that a multidimensional orientation fended off the detrimental effects of difficulty of maintaining the relationship: when partners experienced high difficulty, those with a high orientation experienced more positive affect, love, and commitment than those with a low orientation. In Study 2, data from 31 long-distance and 23 geographically-close participants indicated that a high multidimensionality orientation had a greater positive impact in long-distance relationships than in geographically-close relationships. In Study 3, 40 long-distance participants were asked to write about two times when it was either difficult but possible or nearly impossible to maintain their current relationship. Positive affect for the partner, love, and desire to be with the partner in the future were highest for the participants in the possible condition who preferred relating to the partner on multiple sensory channels. Altogether, these studies underline the importance of multidimensional orientation in romantic relationships, especially when intimates perceive maintaining the relationship as being difficult but manageable. Theoretical and practical implications of this new concept of sensory multidimensionality orientation are discussed.

Donor Selection For Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Who Is The Better – Donor-Recipient Risk Factor Analysis

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 705-705
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xiao Jun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Donor Age ◽  
Sibling Donor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background many aspects should be considered when selecting an ideal donor. The progress made in haploidentical HSCT in recent years offers almost unlimited donor and availabilities of more than one donor at many occasions. To date, there have been no studies to answer the question of apart from HLA disparity, whether one donor should be preferred over another among various haploidentical donors available. The goal of the current study was to attempt to answer the question by analyzing the data on haploidentical HSCT without in-vitro T cell depletion modality. Methods Consecutive patients with leukemia or MDS who received HSCT from 3-5 of 6 HLA loci-matched family donors excluding collateral relatives between May 2002 and December 2010 were enrolled in this study (n=749). The stem cell source was G-CSF mobilized BM combined with PB. The conditioning regimen was modified BUCY plus ATG with 10mg/kg in total dosage. Patients receiving prophylactic DLI for prevention of leukemia relapse were excluded. Donor-recipient risk factors relevant to selection of optimal donor for haploidentical HCT were analyzed. Results (1)donor sex: male donor had lower incidence of both grade 2-4 (39% vs. 46%, p=.07) and grade 3-4 acute GVHD (aGVHD) (11% vs. 17%, p=.04), lower rate of NRM (16% vs. 24%, p=.006) and higher probabilities of OS (70% vs. 62%, p=.02) and LFS (67% vs. 60%, p=.03), compared with female donor. In multivariate analysis, donor sex was still a risk factor for GVHD, NRM and survival. However, if mother donor was excluded, all the difference became no longer significant. (2) Donor age: donor younger than 30 years old had lower incidence of both grade 2-4 (25% vs. 48%, p<.0001) and grade 3-4 aGVHD (5% vs. 16%, p=.0005), lower rate of NRM (12% vs. 22%, p=.007) and higher probabilities of OS (78% vs. 64%, p=.001) and LFS (76% vs. 64%, p=.002), compared with donor older than 30 years old. In multivariate analysis, donor age was a more prominent risk factor for GVHD, NRM and survival compared with donor sex. And if mother donor was excluded, all the difference remained significant both in univariate and multivariate analysis. (3)The rate of GVHD was not associated with the extent of HLA disparity or any individual allele disparity. (4) comparison between mother and father: father donor had lower incidence of both grade 2-4 (45% vs. 56%, p=.03) and grade 3-4 aGVHD (13% vs. 22%, p=.007), lower rate of NRM (14% vs. 26%, p=.003) and higher probabilities of OS (70% vs. 57%, p=.007) and LFS (67% vs. 57%, p=.03), compared with mother donor. In multivariate analysis, mother donor was still a risk factor for GVHD, NRM and survival. (5) comparison between offspring and sibling: offspring donor had significant lower incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD (16% vs. 37%, p=.002), lower NRM and higher survival, although not reaching statistical significance, compared with sibling donor. In multivariate analysis, sibling donor was still a risk factor for GVHD. (6) comparison among sibling and father donors: donor older than 30 years old was the most important risk factor affecting GVHD, NRM and survival while the rates between father and sibling donor were comparable. Conclusions Not abiding by the rule of HLA disparity, this study was the first one to confirm that significant different outcomes were achieved among various haploidentical donors and proved once again that haploidentical HSCT overcame HLA barriers. Instead of HLA disparity, donor age and the family relationship were important risk factors under our treatment modality. The underlying mechanisms of crossing human leukocyte antigen barriers need further investigation and to be validated by other treatment modalities. Figure impact of donor age and family relationship on GVHD This work was partly supported by The Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81230013), Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (No.Z121107002812033) and Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission(No. Z121107002612035). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Proximal tibia volumetric bone mineral density is correlated to the magnitude of local acceleration in male long-distance runners

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Dériaz ◽  
Bijan Najafi ◽  
Pierluigi Ballabeni ◽  
Antoinette Crettenand ◽  
Charles Gobelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
A Prospective Study

The beneficial effect of physical exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) is at least partly explained by the forces exerted directly on the bones. Male runners present generally higher BMD than sedentary individuals. We postulated that the proximal tibia BMD is related to the running distance, as well as to the magnitude of the shocks (while running) in male runners. A prospective study (three yearly measurements) included 81 healthy male subjects: 16 sedentary lean subjects, and 3 groups of runners (5–30 km/wk, n = 19; 30–50 km/wk, n = 29; 50–100 km/wk, n = 17). Several measurements were performed at the proximal tibia level: volumetric BMD (vBMD) and cortical index (CI), i.e., an index of cortical bone thickness and peak accelerations (an index of shocks during heel strike) while running (measured by a three-dimensional accelerometer). A general linear model assessed the prediction of vBMD or CI by 1) simple effects (running distance, peak accelerations, time); and 2) interactions (for instance, if vBMD prediction by peak acceleration depends on running distance). CI and vBMD 1) increase with running distance to reach a plateau over 30 km/wk; and 2) are positively associated with peak accelerations over 30 km/wk. Running may be associated with high peak accelerations to have beneficial effects on BMD. More important strains are needed to be associated with the same increase in BMD during running sessions of short duration than those of long duration. CI and vBMD are associated with the magnitude of the shocks during heel strike in runners.

scholarly journals Obesity and the Ageing Brain: Could Leptin Play a Role in Neurodegeneration?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Human Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Signalling System ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ageing Brain

Obesity and ageing are both characteristics of the human population that are on the increase across the globe. It has long been established that ageing is the major risk factor for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, and it is becoming increasingly evident that obesity is another such factor. Leptin resistance or insensitivity has been uncovered as a cause of obesity, and in addition the leptin signalling system is less potent in the elderly. Taken together, these findings reveal that this molecule may be a link between neurodegeneration and obesity or ageing. It is now known that leptin has beneficial effects on both the survival and neurophysiology of the neurons that are lost in Alzheimer's disease suggesting that it may be an important research target in the quest for strategies to prevent, halt, or cure this condition.

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