Abstract TP316: Urban Crural Comparisons of Treatments and Outcomes for Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjuan Wang ◽  
Zixiao Li ◽  
Hongqiu Gu ◽  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Xia Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Little is known about healthcare quality and patient outcomes of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases between urban and rural areas in China during the past decade. Methods: We used a two-stage random sampling method to create a nationally representative sample of patients in China hospitalized for ischemic stroke (IS)/ Transient ischemic attack (TIA) in 2005, 2010, and 2015. Firstly, we used simple random sampling to obtain a list of participating hospitals in 2 urban and 3 rural strata. Secondly, we obtained medical records at each hospital on clinical profiles, tests, treatments and outcomes using a systematic sampling approach. We weighted our findings to explore rural-urban disparities from 2005 to 2015. Results: A total of 30 827 patients were sampled from 189 hospitals with 14 418 (46.8%) from urban and 16 409 (53.2%) from rural. We observed a decreased disparity between urban and rural in eligible patients receiving antiplatelet and anticoagulant for atrial fibrillation (AF) (both P trend <0.0001), a diminished disparity of statins use by 2015 (70.9% in urban versus 69.9% in rural; P=0.1852) and an emerging disparity of antihypertensive treatment (P trend <0.0001). The disparities of composite score of tests (from 0.24 in urban vs 0.18 in rural to 0.30 in urban vs 0.33 in rural, P trend <0.0001) and in-hospital treatments (from 0.45 in urban vs 0.49 in rural to 0.70 in urban vs 0.69 in rural, P trend <0.0001) were all decreased from 2005 to 2015. In-hospital mortality have both decreased significantly in urban or rural areas, the adjusted risk of in-hospital mortality in urban was higher than rural in both 2005 (OR [95% CI]: 2.26 [1.12-4.55], p=0.0223) and 2015 (OR [95% CI]: 2.64 [1.30-5.36], p=0.0070), however, the trend of disparity was not significant (P for interaction =0.9527). Conclusion: Although urban-rural disparities in evidence-based treatments for IS/TIA patients have largely been eliminated, substantial gaps in quality of care persist in both settings.

scholarly journals Comparison of Variance Estimators for Systematic Environmental Sample Surveys: Considerations for Post-Stratified Estimation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Bryce Frank ◽  
Vicente J. Monleon
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sampling Variance ◽  
Variance Estimators ◽  
The Past ◽  
Point Estimators ◽  
Species Specific

The estimation of the sampling variance of point estimators under two-dimensional systematic sampling designs remains a challenge, and several alternative variance estimators have been proposed in the past few decades. In this work, we compared six alternative variance estimators under Horvitz-Thompson (HT) and post-stratification (PS) point estimation regimes. We subsampled a multitude of species-specific forest attributes from a large, spatially balanced national forest inventory to compare the variance estimators. A variance estimator that assumes a simple random sampling design exhibited positive relative bias under both HT and PS point estimation regimes ranging between 1.23 to 1.88 and 1.11 to 1.78 for HT and PS, respectively. Alternative estimators reduced this positive bias with relative biases ranging between 1.01 to 1.66 and 0.90 to 1.64 for HT and PS, respectively. The alternative estimators generally obtained improved efficiencies under both HT and PS, with relative efficiency values ranging between 0.68 to 1.28 and 0.68 to 1.39, respectively. We identified two estimators as promising alternatives that provide clear improvements over the simple random sampling estimator for a wide variety of attributes and under HT and PS estimation regimes.

Abstract 50: Atrial Fibrillation is Associated with Higher Stroke Rates in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akintunde M Akinjero ◽  
Oluwole Adegbala ◽  
Nike E Akinjero ◽  
Eseosa Edo-Osagie ◽  
Tomi Akinyemiju
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Nationwide Inpatient Sample ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background: The prognosis of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTCM) is worse than in the general population. It is unclear how atrial fibrillation (AF) impacts this prognosis. We sought to evaluate the effect of concurrent AF on outcomes in patients with TTCM. Methods: We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to extract all hospitalizations between 2007 and 2011 with concurrent diagnosis of AF and TTCM. The ICD-9 CM codes for AF and TTCM were used. We compared patients admitted for TTCM who had coexisting AF to those without. We excluded patients below the age of 18 as well as those diagnosed with TTCM who later underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Multivariate regression was used to assess the independent effect of coexisting AF on clinical outcomes (length of stay (LOS), stroke, and in-hospital mortality). Results: A total of 13,136 TTCM patients were studied. Of these, 2,083 (15.86%) had coexisting AF. Compared with those without, TTCM patients with coexisting AF had a greater multivariate-adjusted risk for increased stroke rate (aOR=1.66, 95% CI=1.27-2.18, Table 1). We found no significant association with in-hospital mortality (aOR=1.21, 95% CI=0.96-1.52) or LOS (aOR=1.21, 95% CI= 0.83-1.58). Conclusions: In this large, nationally representative study, we found higher stroke rates in patients with coexisting AF and TTCM. Our findings suggest the need for closer monitoring during hospitalization.

scholarly journals Self-Reported of Awareness, Trial and Current Use of Electronic Cigarettes (ECS) Among of Adult Smokers in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 9s-9s
Author(s):  
A.N. Mat Ruzlin ◽  
M. Omar ◽  
H.-H. Yong ◽  
B. Tangiisuran ◽  
N.A. Abdul Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: In many parts of the world, E-cigarette (EC) devices are becoming popular and an increasing trend in its usage especially among young people and adult smokers. Aim: To examine the self-reported awareness, trial and current use of ECs among current smokers and to determine the predictors associated with the outcomes. Methods: A total of 40,000 current smokers aged 18 years and above were recruited through intercept face-to-face interview in wave 1 (May-September 2016), wave 2 (December 2016-April 2017) and wave 3 (May-August 2017). The samples were drawn from 5 streets randomly (two in hotspot and three in nonhotspot) within stratified urban and rural areas in 14 states of Malaysia. Respondents were recruited using systematic sampling. Every fifth person passing an interview station in each street was approached. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were applied by using PASW 18. Results: Overall, 93% were aware of ECs, 19.9% were ECs trials and 14.6% were current users. Multivariate logistic regression shows that those states with no ban of ECs sales were more likely and significantly associated with these outcomes compared with those in states that this device has already been banned. Those who believe that ECs are “less harmful” (AOR=6.28; 95% CI=5.79-6.81, P < 0.001; AOR=4.84; 95% CI=4.12-5.69, P < 0.001) and “equally harmful” (AOR=2.06; 95% CI=1.91-2.22, P < 0.001; AOR=2.25; 95% CI=1.93-2.62, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with EC trials and current use of ECs respectively. In addition, intention to quit smoking (AOR=2.91; 95% CI=2.72-3.13) was also directly associated with EC trials. Conclusion: Awareness, trials and current use of ECs are likely due to the banning regulation implemented in specific states and strong belief that ECs is less harmful to health. Hence, this should be considered in the formulation of ECs policy in Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Roles and Challenges of Micro Finance in Women Empowerment: A Case Study in Oromia Credit and Saving Institution in West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Diriba Ayele Gebisa ◽  
Aman Rikitu Dassa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
High Interest Rate ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
Loan Size

Empowerment of women has emerged as an important issue in recent times since women remained disadvantaged part of society for a long period of times. Empowerment of women facilitates development by the uplifting their economic, social and political status. Microfinance is proved to be the instrument to handle poverty that exists mostly in urban and rural areas of the country. It is treated as a key strategy in addressing development issues across the country since the last decade. This study basically attempts to analyze the roles and challenges of microfinance in women empowerment. A primary survey has been carried out to capture the realistic experiences from the women beneficiaries of Oromia Micro Credit and Saving Institution of West Shoa Zone branch. In order to address the objectives of the study, a mixed approach has been adopted and primary data were collected and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. A total sample of 268 women customers’ was selected using simple random sampling technique out of 1316 target populations. Data collected from these respondents were analyzed and interpreted using percentage, weighted mean and mean ranking and the hypothesis was tested using the paired t-test. The findings showed that a significant number of clients had increased their income, saving, decision making and asset ownership rights and safeguarded themselves and their families from financial difficulties. Besides its role, the main challenging factors are unproductive usages of the loan, limited loan size, lack of training and follow up, low awareness and high-interest rate of the loan.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF FORMAL MATERNAL EDUCATION ON CHILD SURVIVAL IN GHANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Samuel Laari ◽  
Shingo Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigated the impact of formal maternal education on child survival in Ghana using a probit model. Methodology:This study used data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey for the period of 1993 to 2008. It is nationally representative sample including urban and rural areas in the 10 regions of Ghana. It looks at trends in demographic and health indicators and is conducted every five years (GSS, 2009). . Findings: Mothers’ education had a positive and significant effect on child survival. In 2003 the probability of a child surviving up to age five increased by 15.4 percentage points for one year increase in mothers’ education, using control variables and 8.9 percentage points for a year increase in mothers’ education, after including socio-economic and reproductive factors of women, which revealed the true partial effect of maternal education. Unique contributions to theory practice and policy: It was observed that socio-economic and reproductive factors of women had an impact as well, hence policy makers should act to improve on these factors in order to complement the effect of formal maternal education to promote child survival in Ghana.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN MODAL SOSIAL DENGAN KESEJAHTERAAN EKONOMI KELUARGA DI DAERAH PERDESAAN JAMBI

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suandi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Well Being

Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh modal sosial terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga di daerah perdesaan Kabupaten Kerinci. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Kerinci dengan memilih dua kecamatan, yaitu: Kecamatan Keliling Danau, dan Kecamatan Batang Merangin. Waktu penelitian secara keseluruhan dilakukan dari bulan Juni sampai dengan bulan Nopember 2012. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 132 keluarga atau 10 persen dari populasi (1.316 keluarga) yang diambil secara berturut-turut dengan cara cluster, purposive, dan simple random sampling. Variabel penelitian: (1) kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga (kesejahteraan objektif, dan kesejahteraan subjektif, dan (2) Modal sosial (asosiasi lokal dan karakter masyarakat). Analisis data menggunakan model Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) melalui program LISREL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial (asosiasi lokal dan karakter masyarakat) responden tergolong kuat. Mengacu kepada alokasi pengeluaran, tingkat ekonomi petani di daerah penelitian tergolong relatif kaya dengan distribusi keluarga yang tergolong pada kelompok sejahtera mencapai 78,8 persen, sedangkan kelompok miskin hanya 21,2 persen. Modal sosial (asosiasi lokal dan karakter masyarakat) baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung berpengaruh positif sangat nyata terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga.The objectives of this study is to analyze the effect of social capital on family economic well-being in rural areas of Kerinci regency. The research design is cross sectional and was carried out in Batang Merangin and Keliling Danau districts from June to Nopember 2012. Variables used are social capital (local associations and community character), and family economic well-being both objective and subjective economic well-being. 132 household samples are chosen using cluster, purposive and random sampling methods. Data were collected using survay, indepth interview, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Descriptive, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) models were used for data analyzed. The results show that social capital (local associations and community character) contained in the study area as strong. Referring to the allocation of family expenditure, the economic level of family in the study area are relatively wealthy families with distributions belonging to the prosperous group reached 78.8 percent, while only the poor families as much as 21.2 percent. Social capital (local associations and community character) both directly and indirectly has a significant effect on family economic well-being.

Sampling moving strata on two occasions

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Van Deusen
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time

When forest types define the strata, the boundaries will often move over time. A method is presented for producing estimates of stratum means at two time periods when the stratum boundaries are changing. The method is valid when the samples are taken under either simple random sampling or systematic sampling.

scholarly journals Understanding the Nutritional Status of Farming Community in Rural Areas of India: An Empirical Interpretation with Policy Implication from Socio-Economic and Gender Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Swagata Ghoshal ◽  
Monirul Haque ◽  
Kabita Mondal ◽  
Samrat Sikdar ◽  
S. K. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Farm Women ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
And Gender

Aims: In this empirical study an attempt is made to examine the relative importance of some socio-economic and demographic variables that affect the nutrition of farming community. This empirical study has been carried out for farmers and farm women separately and also for both combined to understand both ecological and gender dimensions. The major objective of the study is to conduct a series of participatory exercises to generate a micro level response data, which are primary in nature under the canopy of the title. Study Design: The locale was selected by purposive sampling technique and the respondents were selected by the simple random sampling method. Place of Study: Four gram panchayats namely Sihar, Deshra Koalpara, Lowgram and Kotulpur of the Kotulpur block of Bankura district in West Bengal were purposively selected for the study. Methodology: In this study 50 farmers and 50 farm women have been interacted and are selected by the simple random sampling method. A preliminary interview schedule has been administered to understand the knowledge, perception and attitude of the people towards nutritional concept, communication and extension system, malnutrition. The gathered data had been put into multivariate analysis. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V20.0 (SPSS) of IBM was used for analyzing the correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, step-down regression analysis, path analysis, canonical covariate analysis and artificial neural network analysis. Results: Several independent variables like age (x1), functional literacy (x2), family size (x4), no of farm activities (x5), working hour per day (x6), distance of work place from residence (x7), wages received (x8), duration of employment (x9), per capita income (x12), per capita expenditure (x13), deviation of blood pressure (x15), pulse rate (x16), dizziness (x17) and status of drinking water (x18) have been identified as strongest determinants to characterize output variable nutrition (y). Conclusion: The present study has uniquely landed on the value of some important empirical revelation. It can be concluded that farmers, having low income, are suffering from malnutrition most due to low calorie intake. Ensuring pure drinking water for all in rural areas is still a distant dream. A lot of farm women are suffering from dizziness and anemia due to lack of balanced diet. Malnutrition is still prevalent at significant levels especially in rural areas and the most vulnerable are children, women and elderly especially of lower income groups.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and The Patterns of Food and Nutrition Consumption of the Household in Rural Areas of Muaro Jambi Regency

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Suandi Suandi ◽  
Yusma Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between family socioeconomic status and nutritional adequacy rate in rural areas of Muaro Jambi, Jambi Province. The study design was cross-sectional. The study was conducted in rural areas of Muaro Jambi, Jambi province by selecting three districts, namely: district of Sekernan, Kumpeh Ulu, and Mestong. The research was conducted from July to December 2014. The sample was 180 families and were taken by purposive and simple random sampling. Data were tested by descriptive and Product Moment Correlation. The results showed that consumption of food and nutrition in the study area is almost close to the recommended nutrition adequacy standard. Results of the analysis showed that the variables of household head age, family size and income are positively and significantly correlated to energy and protein consumption adequacy of the family, while the factor of household head education was unrelated.

scholarly journals On the Estimation of Population Mean Under Systematic Sampling Using Auxiliary Attributes

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Numerical Illustration ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Population Mean ◽  
New Family

Naik and Gupta (1996), Singh et al. (2007) and Abd-Elfattah et al. (2010) introduced some estimators for estimating population mean using available auxiliary attributes under simple random sampling scheme. We adapt these estimators under systematic random sampling scheme using available auxiliary attributes. Further, a new family of estimators is proposed for the estimation of population mean under systematic random sampling scheme. The properties such as bias and mean square error of the proposed estimators are derived. From numerical illustration it is shown that proposed estimators are more efficient than the reviewed ones.

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