scholarly journals What's Happened to Poverty and Inequality in Indonesia over Half a Century?

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-97
Author(s):  
Hal Hill
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Indonesia has achieved moderately fast economic growth for most of the past 50 years. Has this growth translated into rising living standards? This is the question that is addressed in this paper. The conclusion is a qualified yes. The caveat is attached for two reasons: (i) philosophically, the definition of living standards remains a subject of considerable conjecture, and (ii) not all social indicators point in the same direction. I focus primarily on trends in measurable indicators of human welfare, particularly poverty and inequality. Combined with major improvements in the coverage and quality of the country's statistics, and a now extensive literature, it is possible to document, and in some cases explain, trends in living standards in some detail. I also investigate whether (and how) the sudden swing during 1999–2001 from an authoritarian and centralized regime to a democratic and decentralized era impacted significantly on these trends.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Impact of Major Highways on the Wildlife Population in Kingston and Frontenac County

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Robinson ◽  
Gavin Mclaughlin ◽  
Michael O'Meara ◽  
Hilary Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Wildlife Populations

Over the past five years, there has been an abundance of interest concerning the ecological effects of major Ontario highways on the habitats and ecosystems of many wildlife populations. The primary concern with multilane, high-traffic freeways is that they typically divide existing habitats into relatively isolated zones. Consequently, this separates individuals within a population from other members of the same population, and also excludes access to many natural resources. The majority of the resultant issues for wildlife fall under three main categories; the collision based mortalities of organisms and the consequences on local residents, the halting of gene flow amongst the wildlife populations, and the physical intrusion and/or noise pollution adversely affecting the quality of habitat for local species. Based on these concerning issues, it is crucial for a sustainable solution to be developed and implemented in appropriate areas within Kingston and the surrounding Frontenac County. Our approach involves an extensive literature review, which will assist us in observing similar problems around the globe, as well as various solutions that have been executed to fix these said problems. Furthermore, we will conduct a thorough investigation of local organizations’ existing studies to obtain relevant data and statistics which will assist us in determining the effects high-traffic freeways have on the surrounding ecological environment. It is through this research that we hope to present valid findings on the multilane highways impact to local ecosystems and landscapes, as well as produce possible planning options for intervention and suggest key areas for further examination.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD QUALITY LEADERSHIP STYLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1152-1159
Author(s):  
Wael Ibrahim Alsarrani ◽  
Ahmad Jusoh
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leadership Process ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose: Leadership is an interactive concept that influences our daily lives. A quality concept is an approach and philosophy that leaders use to incorporate the leadership process into the organization successfully. Both concepts have an incremental history, correlation, and discussion. However, the two concepts have not yet been theoretically and empirically integrated. This paper attempts to integrate and discuss leadership and quality to create a single quality leadership style based on the definition of quality gurus and the leadership styles which relate more towards the quality of leadership. Methodology: The study used a systematic literature review to review the past literature related to the field of leadership and quality management. This study provides the constructs from definitions proposed by experts in this field. Each leadership styles have many constructs that may or may not be related to quality. Results: The study proposed a conceptual framework which combined the definitions of quality gurus and the different leadership styles. The finding of this study has contributed to the expansion of theoretical knowledge in the field of quality leadership style. Implications: This paper indicated that the review of the literature regarding what quality gurus define as important relating to leadership. This paper provides the constructs from quality gurus definitions. Novelty: Each leadership styles have many constructs that may or may not be related to quality. Therefore, future studies need to consider what the constructs from those leadership styles are considered effective to quality.

Is auditing the new evaluation? Can it be? Should it be?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Pierre ◽  
B. Guy Peters ◽  
Jenny de Fine Licht
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the changing relationship between auditing and evaluation. Over the past several years, supreme auditing institutions (SAIs) in a number of advanced democracies have evolved from conventional auditing institutions to becoming increasingly concerned with assisting policy change and administrative reform in the public sector; tasks that are traditionally associated with evaluation. The paper discusses the potential consequences of this development for the SAIs themselves as well as for the audited and reforming institutions and for policy-making. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses qualitative method and draws on the extensive literature on auditing and evaluation. The analysis has also benefitted from the authors’ recent comparative research on SAIs. Findings The findings, summarized in six points, are that the growth of auditing in areas previously assigned to evaluators, has led to a shortened time perspective; stronger emphasis on the administration of policies; increased focus on efficiency of the audited entity; greater independence from the evaluated organizations; a shift in receiver of information toward the legislature and/or the public; and improved communication. Practical implications Evaluation as a professional and scholarly field has developed theories and advanced methods to assess the effectiveness of public programs. The growth of auditing may thus change the focus and quality of policy evaluation. Originality/value The paper speaks to both scholars and practitioners. To the best of the knowledge a similar analysis has not been done before.

Social Indicators

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Land
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Level Of Living

How are we doing with respect not only to our economic level of living but, more generally, the quality of our lives, our well-being? Improving, staying about the same, or deteriorating? Compared to our past? Compared to other countries/societies? And, if improving, are the improvements shared throughout the society or only among some of us? These are the kinds of questions that have motivated research and development on social indicators, quality of life metrics, and well-being research over the past fifty years. This research has resulted in a substantial number of conceptual and empirical contributions to the measurement of social conditions, in general, and of quality of life/well-being, in particular.

scholarly journals The Importance of Educating Girls and Women in Sciences

10.5130/aag.g ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Verdiana Grace Masanja
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
International Community ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
The Past ◽  
Moral Aspect ◽  
Worthwhile Investment

For the past decades, focus on attaining gender equality in science education has attracted a lot of attention. Governments and international community believe that girls’/women’s science education is a worthwhile investment; it has many direct effects on economic growth and human welfare. In this chapter, we discuss this view as a tool for development as well as the moral aspect of creating equality. We focus on what practically is being done to promote girls’/women’s science education and why their participation continues to be low despite many efforts and heavy investment.

Evolution of the Structure of the American Economy

2005 ◽  
pp. 84-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Porokhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Economy

The author pays special attention to the USA leading positions in the world economy. The basic significance of traditional industries, first of all manufacturing, in the structure of the American economy and its evolution are underlined. The article analyzes in detail the increasing role of services including finance. Information technologies create new economic structure and new quality of economic growth. A reader learns from the article about sustainable reproduction role of business cycle in the past and present.

scholarly journals The Vietnamese financial economy: reforms and development, 1986-2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hoang Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sustainable Fashion ◽  
Financial Economy

In an age of reform, Vietnam’s financial systems have come to a critical stage in which the quality of policy-making, independence of the central banking operations and over-risk controls will ultimately be required if the country is set to move forward in a sustainable fashion. Analysts may have different views about Vietnam’s financial economy, but all agree that it has evolved and grown fast over the past three decades. The next course of development will depend on how Vietnamese society views raison d’être of its financial systems and financial health. But the process will much depend on the economic growth of the economy as a whole. Failing to support a sustained growth puts VFS’s existence at risk as economic growth helps mitigate higher risk-taking behavior and contain instability in less competitive markets.

scholarly journals An Act of Futility, or Pascal’s Wager?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Vázquez Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pascal’S Wager ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
General Wellbeing ◽  
Complex Cases

Futility is defined as something unimportant, useless, ineffective, without value or purpose, frivolousness, unable to solve problems. The definition of futility is clear and simple; the difficultly is its clinical application in the management of complex cases. The implications are different when dealing with medical or surgical patients. It is radically different when the decision of not doing any other efforts for the treatment of intractable heart failure or disseminated carcinomatosis or when we are dealing with surgical patients whose diseases carry very low opportunity of survival or of improvement in his general wellbeing. It is in the medical cases that the strategy of hanging the Crepe is used when trying to communicate to the relatives the gravity of their beloved ones illness. At times the physicians exaggerate the seriousness of the disease to lessen the suffering if eventually the patient dies. Crepe is a black piece of cloth forming a bow that used to be placed in the front door of the house to indicate the death and mourning of the relatives. This custom has been abandoned in almost all countries. Physicians undertake the utmost efforts in trying to preserve the life of their patients as well as to provide quality of life no matter the economic circumstances. In recent years I had two patients who were so sick that their condition gave the impression that their lives were close to an end. Nevertheless, after an operation deemed by some other physicians as futile, both patients recovered and are leading a normal lives for the past six and five years respectively.

scholarly journals Encouraging Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ahlstrom ◽  
Amber Y. Chang ◽  
Jessie S. T. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The Past

The economy has seen unprecedented growth in the past two centuries, raising average incomes by 30-fold. With this added wealth, living standards also improved greatly. Although many factors impact economic growth, it is accepted that entrepreneurship plays a key role. Therefore, understanding the antecedents of entrepreneurship and the link to economic development, often through institutions, should be of higher importance to researchers and policymakers. This Special Issue of the Journal of Risk and Financial Management sought to provide a brief overview of the economic growth literature and its link with entrepreneurship while adding insight through the Special Issue papers regarding the drivers of entrepreneurship in different contexts. Thus, the papers gathered here addressed several aspects of entrepreneurship and how it may be encouraged through networking, cornerstone investors in initial public offerings, new financing methods such as with cryptocurrencies, and through entrepreneur health. The research sites were primarily in Asia. This lead paper summarizes the issue’s papers while also providing a short overview of the economic growth literature and its link to entrepreneurship and institutions. This Special Issue, thus contributes to the empirical and theoretic research on the drivers of entrepreneurship and the association with economic growth.

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