Differences in prosocial and agonistic behaviours expressed by Colombian and Spanish children and youth during a game session

Abstract We investigated behavioural patterns of school subjects from Colombia and Tenerife (Spain) of 10–12, 13–14 and 15–17 years old (150 per age group), during a crossed puzzle game. We video-recorded all sessions, elaborated an ethogram and classified behavioural patterns within functional categories (Empathy, Help Organizing, Agonistic, Cooperation, Selfishness and Tension-Distension); their frequencies were analyzed by Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). Results showed significant differences between countries in Help Organizing, Cooperation, Agonistic and Tension-Distension; the same categories except Cooperation differed between age ranges, but no category significantly differed between sexes. GLMM of factor scores from a principal component analysis applied to behavioural categories showed subjects from Colombian schools had significantly lower PC1 factor scores (Empathy, Selfishness and Tension-Distension) than those from Tenerife; the contrary occurred for PC2 (Help Organizing and Cooperation) and no significant difference was found for PC3 (Agonistic and Selfishness). We discuss several potential causes of the differences found.

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Hepatic Encephalopathy and Liver Failure in Pediatric Patient with hepatitis A

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v9i3.16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (o3) ◽

Author(s):

Shaima’a Dakhel AbdulHassa

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Liver Failure ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Gene Sequence ◽

Stool Examination ◽

Age Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Medical City ◽

Sequence Method ◽

Stool Samples

Gairdia lamblia is one of parasites that cause intestinal problems within the human body, particularly private travelers and children. In this study a total of (100) diarrheal patients, 20 patients with Giardiasis were identified by fecal antigen. 9 out of 20(20%) of them were infected by fecal antigen, while 9(9%) of them were infected by using the screening general stool examination (GSE). The stool samples were collected from patient how vested the Medical City/ Baghdad and Tikrit teaching Hospital during the period from 1 st may 2018 to 1 February 2019. The results revealing a significant difference (p andlt; 0.05) between the two methods of detection for G. lamblia (Fecal antigen method and GSE). IT has been shown that out of 20 infected individuals 12(12%) were males and 8(8%) were females, indicating regarding no significant deference in the distribution of Giardiasis among genders. In regard the age, our results showed that highest infection rate 8(3.2%) was recorded in the age group (10-19) years, followed by the age group (20-2) years which was 692.4%). In this study five mutations were recorded at position (926, 1094, 1202and 1304), by using tpiA gene sequence method, and tpiB gene was on point mutation change (G254A), in the position (85) of triose phosphate isomease.

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Assessment of COVID-19 Related Misinformation among the Community in Basrah, Iraq

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine ◽

10.37319/iqnjm.2.csi.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (CSI) ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

Ali Al-Rubaye ◽

Dhurgham Abdulwahid ◽

Aymen Albadran ◽

Abbas Ejbary ◽

Laith Alrubaiy

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bachelor's Degree ◽

Public Knowledge ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Educational Levels ◽

The Public ◽

First Case ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Central District

Background: There has been a rapid rise in cases of COVID-19 infection and its mortality rate since the first case reported in February 2020. This led to the rampant dissemination of misinformation and rumors about the disease among the public. Objectives: To investigate the scale of public misinformation about COVID-19 in Basrah, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a 22-item questionnaire to assess public knowledge and understanding of information related to the COVID-19 infection. Results: A total of 483 individuals completed the questionnaire. The most frequent age group was 26–35 years (28.2%); there were 280 (58%) males and 203 (42%) females. Of the participants, 282 (58.4%) were with an education level below the Bachelor’s degree, 342 (70.8%) were married, and 311 (64%) were living in districts in Basra other than the central district. Overall, 50.8% (11.8/ 22 * 100%) of individuals had the correct information regarding COVID-19. There was a significant association between the level of COVID-19 related misinformation and participants’ educational levels and occupation (p <0.05). However, there was no significant difference found across sex, age group, marital state, and area of residence. Conclusions: Misinformation related to COVID-19 is widely spread and has to be addressed in order to control the pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, misinformation, knowledge, Iraq

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Characteristics of monitored diabetic patients by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.05.006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (05) ◽

pp. 4563

Author(s):

Tariq A. Zafar

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Glycated Haemoglobin ◽

Poor Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Age Group ◽

Hba1c Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Impact

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test indicates the blood glucose levels for the previous two to three months. Using HbA1c test may overcome many of the practical issues and prevent infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs). The study aimed to evaluate the impact of glycemic control using HbA1c test to understand patient characteristics and UTIs prevalence. Glycemic control was evaluated by measuring HbA1c for a total of 208 diabetes patients who were regularly attending diabetes center in Al-Noor specialist hospital in Makkah. The results showed that good and moderate glycemic controlled patients were 14.9% and 16.9% respectively while the poor glycemic patients were 68.3%. Among the good improved glycemic control, 83.9% were females, 48.4% were from age group (15-44y). Among the moderately improved glycemic control, 68.4% were females, 54.3% were from age group (45-64 y) with no significant difference. The total number of the patients with positive UTIs was 55 (26.4%) while the total number of patients with negative was UTIs 153 (73.6%). Among the positive UTIs, 76.3% were with poor glycemic control while only 12.3% and 11% were moderate and good improved glycemic control respectively. Among the negative UTIs, 65.3% were with poor glycemic control while only 19% and 15.7% were with moderate and good improved glycemic control respectively. Prevalence of UTIs among diabetic patients was not significant (p > 0.05). It was concluded that HbA1c was useful monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus and may lead to improved outcomes. Using a HbA1c test may overcome many of the practical issues that affect the blood glucose tests.

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COVID-19 Pandemic and Adaptive Shopping Patterns: An Insight from Indonesian Consumers

Global Business Review ◽

10.1177/09721509211013512 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097215092110135

Author(s):

Arif Hartono ◽

Asma'i Ishak ◽

Agus Abdurrahman ◽

Budi Astuti ◽

Endy Gunanto Marsasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Depth Information ◽

Factor Scores ◽

Consumer Spending ◽

Consumer Responses ◽

Buying Behaviour ◽

Manova Analysis

Although existing studies on consumers typology are extensively conducted, insights on consumers typology in adapting their shopping attitude and behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic remain unexplored. Current studies on consumer responses to the COVID-19 pandemic tend to focus on the following themes: panic buying behaviour, consumer spending and consumer consumption. This study explores a typology of adaptive shopping patterns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved a survey of 465 Indonesian consumers. Principal component analysis is used to identify the variables related to adaptive shopping patterns. Cluster analysis of the factor scores obtained on the adaptive shopping attitude and behaviour revealed the typology of Indonesian shoppers’ adaptive patterns. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) analysis is used to profile the identified clusters based on attitude, behaviour and demographic characteristics. Results revealed five adaptive shopping patterns with substantial differences among them. This study provides in-depth information about the profile of Indonesian shoppers’ adaptive patterns that would help retailers in understanding consumers and choosing their target group. The major contribution of this study is providing segmentation on shopping adaptive patterns in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic which presents interesting differences compared with previous studies. This study reveals new insights on shoppers’ adaptive attitude and behaviour as consumers coped with the pandemic.

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Inhibition of Kynurenine Metabolism and Its Effect in Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.410 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 124-125

Author(s):

Raul Castro-Portuguez ◽

Samuel Freitas ◽

George Sutphin

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

De Novo ◽

Principal Component ◽

Kynurenine Pathway ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Nad Synthesis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kynurenine Metabolism

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent cancer in the liver. The majority of ingested tryptophan is processed in the liver through the kynurenine pathway, the endpoint of which is de novo NAD+ biosynthesis. Dysregulation of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and NAD+ synthesis may promote mitochondrial malfunction, tumor reprogramming, and carcinogenesis. Using a publicly available gene expression dataset from liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) samples available through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 371), we employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, gene-pattern expression profiling, and survival analysis to cluster patients and determine overall survival. Our analysis of genes encoding kynurenine pathway enzymes determined that patients with high QPRT expression had a poor prognosis with decreased median survival, with no effect on the maximum survival. There is a significant difference in the survival between patients with high QPRT expression relative to patients with high HAAO/AFMID expression (HR = 1.2, [95% CI 0.5-1.8] P = 0.0181, Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon Test). Patients with high QPRT expression have higher survival rates compared with low QPRT expression (HR = 1.4, [95% CI 0.9-2.2] P = 0.0344, Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon Test). To test the consequences of kynurenine-pathway inhibition in mitochondrial function and morphology we use 4-Cl-3HAA, an irreversible HAAO inhibitor, and observed a small increase in mitochondrial fragmentation in HepG2 cells after 24 hours of treatment. We conclude that kynurenine metabolism may be useful as a biomarker to predict patient prognosis among HCC patients. In ongoing work, we are testing QPRT inhibitors in cell culture as a potential adjuvant for chemotherapies.

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Retrospective Seroepidemiology study of dengue virus infection in Taiwan

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-05809-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ying-Hsuan Lee ◽

Yu-Chia Hsieh ◽

Chih-Jung Chen ◽

Tzou-Yien Lin ◽

Yhu-Chering Huang

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Health Concern ◽

Age Group ◽

Dengue Virus Infection ◽

Recent Infection ◽

Seropositive Rate ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Dengue virus infection has been an important and serious public health concern in Taiwan, where local outbreaks of dengue fever occurred almost every year. To our knowledge, no nationwide investigation has been carried out to determine the actual extent of infection in the general population. Methods A total of 1308 random serum samples were collected from the general population in Taiwan in 2010. The antibody-captured enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect DENV-specific IgM and IgG. Demographics data were used for risk analysis. Results The weighted overall seroprevalence was 1.96% for anti-DENV IgM, and 3.4% for anti-DENV IgG, respectively. A significant rise of DENV IgG seropositive rate had been noted since late adulthood stage, from 1.1% at the age group of 50–59 years to 7.6% at the age group of 60–69 years. For people aged over 70 years, the seropositive rate reached 19%. Age, nationality, and regions of residency were associated with the IgG seropositivity. There was no statistically significant difference in seroprevalence of anti-Dengue IgM, indicating recent infection, among univariate predictors we proposed, including gender, age, residency, nationality, and household size. Conclusions Our results indicated that the majority of population in Taiwan born after 1940 is naive to dengue virus and the prevalence of IgG antibody against dengue virus rises with age. Nationality, and regions of residency are associated with the exposure of population to infection by dengue viruses. Further studies are needed to realize the current situation of seroprevalence of dengue fever in Taiwan.

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Smartphone-induced Behaviour: Utilisation, Benefits, Nomophobic Behaviour and Perceived Risks

Journal of Creative Communications ◽

10.1177/0973258620979519 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097325862097951

Author(s):

Kshitiz Sharma ◽

T. Sarathamani ◽

Sunil Kumar Bhougal ◽

Hemant Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Private University ◽

Age Group ◽

Perceived Risks ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Financial Benefits ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females

Smartphone has become an essential part of human lives. People tend to treat it as another part of their body. Besides communication purposes, it is used for searching information, monetary transactions, shopping, social networking, entertainment, etc. This study aims at analysing the factors influencing smartphone usage and behavioural changes among college students under four constructs: utilisation, benefits, nomophobic behaviour and perceived risks (UBNR). An instrument was created with factors concerning the research and administered in a top-ranked private university of Bangalore, India. The research was carried out with a total of 122 responses. The results show that there is no significant difference in the attitude of males and females in most of the factors except social anxiety. Females experience more social anxiety and use smartphone more for maintaining their social relationships. There is no significant difference between the age group of students in all the four constructs. Utilisation is positively related with psychological, social, functional and financial benefits and shows that the greater the usage of smartphone, the greater are the benefits. On the other hand, the study reveals that increased usage of smartphone leads to addiction, causes nomophobia and poses threat of perceived risks. A mediation strategy like educating the students for proper use of technology is necessary to overcome the risk of addiction and developing nomophobia.

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Selected CNS Outcomes Among INSTI Antiretrovirals

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx162.094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S39-S39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Wohl ◽

Anthony Mills ◽

Robertino Mera ◽

David Piontkowsky

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Mixed Models ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Integrase Inhibitors ◽

Healthcare Database ◽

Medical Claims ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rate Ratios ◽

Blinded Trial ◽

Research Grant

Abstract Background Higher rates of neuropsychiatric events among patients on dolutegravir (DTG) compared with other integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) have been reported from clinic cohorts and one blinded trial. We compared select neurological and psychiatric events in a large sample of patients treated with different INSTIs. Methods The Quintiles IMS database, which includes pharmacy and medical claims records, was examined for HIV infected patients treated from 2006 to 2016 with DTG (TIVICAY/TRIUMEQ), elvitegravir (EVG, STRIBILD), or raltegravir (RAL, ISENTRESS). The dependent variable outcomes were insomnia/sleep disturbance and depression. A propensity score was created to adjust for variables associated with treatment with a particular INSTI including age, gender, year of initial INSTI exposure, and enrollment time. Multivariate Poisson mixed models were used to generate incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results Records for 54,151 distinct HIV-infected patients treated with DTG, EVG, or RAL were identified. In the multivariate model the rate of insomnia/sleep disturbance events was significantly higher for patients treated with DTG vs. EVG (IRR 1.21 [95% CI 1.09–1.33, P < 0.001]), but was not significantly different when comparing DTG to RAL (IRR 1.04 [95% CI 0.94–1.14, P = 0.459]). Likewise, the rate of incident depression was significantly higher for patients treated with DTG vs. EVG (IRR 1.18 [95% CI 1.09–1.27, P < 0.001], but not when comparing DTG to RAL (IRR 0.93 [95% CI 0.87 – 1.01, P = 0.068]). Conclusion In this analysis using a large healthcare database, significantly higher adjusted rates of both incident insomnia/sleep disturbances (21% more) and depression (18% more) were found among patients treated with DTG compared with EVG. In contrast, a significant difference in the rates of either outcome was not observed when comparing DTG and RAL. Further studies are warranted to determine the risk of neuropsychiatric events in patients treated with different INSTIs. Disclosures D. Wohl, Gilead Sciences: Consultant and Investigator, Consulting fee and Research grant; Viiv: Consultant and Investigator, Consulting fee and Research grant; Janssen: Consultant, Consulting fee; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultant, Consulting fee; A. Mills, Gilead Sciences: Consultant, Investigator and Speaker’s Bureau, Consulting fee, Research grant and Speaker honorarium; Viiv: Consultant and Investigator, Consulting fee and Research grant; Merck: Consultant, Investigator and Speaker’s Bureau, Consulting fee, Research grant and Speaker honorarium; Janssen: Investigator, Research grant; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Investigator, Research grant; Sangamo Bio Sciences: Investigator, Research grant; R. Mera, Gilead Sciences: Employee and Shareholder, Salary; D. Piontkowsky, Gilead Sciences: Employee and Shareholder, Salary

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An Evaluation of the Effects of Elevated Body Mass Index on Skeletal Age

10.21203/rs.3.rs-888046/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael H. French ◽

Michael S. Kung ◽

W. Nathan Holmes ◽

Hossein Aziz ◽

Evelyn S. Thomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chart Review ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Obese Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hand Radiographs

Abstract BackgroundMany treatment decisions in children’s Orthopaedics are based on age. This study determined whether a discrepancy between chronological age (CA) and skeletal age (SA) is dependent on BMI and if overweight or obese children would have an advanced SA.Materials and Methods120 children between ages 8-17 with an adequate hand radiograph and a correlating BMI were enrolled by retrospective chart review. Stratification based on age, sex, ethnicity, and BMI percentile was performed. For each age group, 6 males and 6 females were selected with 50% of each group having an elevated BMI. Two blinded physicians independently evaluated hand radiographs and recorded the SA. Statistical analyses evaluated inter-rater reliability and any discrepancy between groups.ResultsThe final statistical analysis included 96 children. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for SA determined by the two reviewers was excellent at 0.95. A difference of 13 months was found between CA and SA in the elevated BMI cohort versus the non-elevated BMI cohort, (p<0.001). No significant difference was seen between CA and SA for the non-elevated cohort (p=0.72), while matching for age and sex. ConclusionChronological age and skeletal age are not always equivalent especially in pediatric patients who are overweight or obese.

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Abstract 257: Urban Teaching and Non-Teaching Hospitals Outcomes: Myocardial Infarction

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/circoutcomes.10.suppl_3.257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Priscilla O Okunji ◽

Johnnie Daniel

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Income Group ◽

The United States ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Age Difference ◽

Age Group ◽

Urban Teaching ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Background: Patients with myocardial infarction reportedly have different outcomes on discharge according to hospital characteristics. In the present study, we evaluated the differences between urban teaching hospitals (UTH) and non-teaching hospitals (NTH), discharged in 2012. We also investigated on the outcomes. Methods: Sample of 117,808 subjects diagnosed with myocardial infarction were extracted from a nationwide inpatient stay dataset using the International Classification Data, ICD 9 code 41000 in the United States, according to hospital location, size, and teaching status. Results: The analysis of the data showed that more whites were admitted to both teaching and non teaching hospitals with more males (~24%) admitted than their female counterparts. However, blacks were admitted more (~15%) in urban teaching hospitals than medium urban non teaching hospitals. Age difference was noted as well, while age group (60-79 years) were admitted more in UTH, inversely urban non-teaching hospitals admitted more older (80 years or older) age group. A significant difference (~28%) was observed in both hospital categories with UTH admitting more patients of $1.00 - $38,999.00 income group than other income categories. In addition, it was observed that patients with MI stayed more (~5%) for 14 or more days, and charged more especially for income group of $80,000 or above in UTH than NTH. No significant difference was found in the mortality rate for both hospital categories. Conclusion: The overall outcomes showed that the mortality rate between urban teaching and non-teaching hospitals were non significant, though the inpatients MI stayed longer and were charged more in UTH than NTH. The authors call for the study to be replicated with a higher level of statistical measures to ascertain the impact of the variables on the outcomes for a more validated result.

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