Religious Symbolism and the Human Mind

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Carles Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Deterministic Theory ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Religious Symbolism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this paper is to assess Durkheim’s approach to religion and the validity of the time-honoured principle of the social determination of mental representations. The thesis to be defended is that Durkheim was essentially right in understanding religious ritual as a symbolic language. But he was wrong both in his social deterministic theory of mental representations and in his definition of religion as an exclusively social phenomenon. As current evolutionary sciences have amply demonstrated, human mental architecture has been shaped by a long evolutionary process and cannot be easily reconfigured through cultural indoctrination. Two consequences can be derived from this. First, religious ideas can successfully colonise human minds thanks to their ability to parasitize on biologically evolved human cognitive structures. Second, due to their counterintuitive properties, this colonisation can only succeed if those ideas are culturally transmitted through a special language.

scholarly journals To understanding the effects of conditioning thinking: about new book of Terrence Webster-Doyle

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Anton I. Belkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Original Approach

Review of the book Mind Games: towards understanding the nature of prejudice and conflict, or how to learn to live in peace by Terrence Webster-Doyle. Mind Games: To understand the roots of prejudice and how to learn live peacefully: a scientific and educational publication. T. Webster-Doyle. Samara Cultural Society Artifact-Cultural Diversity. Samara: Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 2020. 55 p. Reviewer considers that T. Webster-Doyles book is a brilliant example of how conflicts can be resolved most effectively without theorized distraction. T. Webster-Doyles book is small in volume, but very significant in content. The author offers a real program for taming the conflicts and violence that fill the entire human history. Until now, there is a clear lack of research on the universal determinants of the emergence and dynamics of conflict. A paradoxical situation arises when methods of conflict resolution are studied and modified, despite the fact that its initial determinants are not accurately determined. The models of taming conflicts that are being replicated in the social sciences almost do not solve the very problem of overcoming violence in society. Note that T. Webster-Doyle defines her book as the most significant work of her life. The author proposes an original approach to the determination of the conflict and defines the ways of its resolution in direct relationship with the understanding of its determinants. Also, the advantage of the book is a good literary presentation of the material. T. Webster-Doyle views conflict as a phenomenon created by the human mind, which at the same time, in a paradox, is trying to solve a problem which it itself creates. This work is devoted to the study of the determinants of conflict, which are considered comprehensively in the relationship of biological and social determinants: as generated by genetically programmed brain programs and at the same time as a function of peoples perception of the world around them and each other. The author notes that the universal basis of biological programming is the general motivation the desire to survive. Consequently, this work presents a program for resolving the conflict based on a comprehensive consideration of the conflict as a sociobiological phenomenon, which is based on the conditioned thinking of a person (primordial biological protection of his brain). The advantage of the book is its versatility. The author does not just consider the problem of the conflict, its components, the parties to the conflict, conflict genes, the incident, etc. He is looking for an approach that allows you to take a fresh look at this problem and find ways to prevent and destroy the conflict.

scholarly journals Approach towards classification of the types of legal responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Konstantin Evgenevich Shilekhin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Close Link ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tax Fraud ◽  
Definition Of

The subject of this research is the social relations in the context of bringing to legal responsibility, as well as normative legal acts and scientific literature that reflect such relations. The problem of classification of the types of legal responsibility is relevant in the context of substantiation of the autonomy of its individual types. The attempts to substantiate the autonomy of one or another type of legal responsibility entail the revision of the grounds for classification. The goal of this article consists in revealing the natural grounds for definition of the concept of “legal responsibility” to build consistent and exhaustive classification. The main conclusion lies in determination of the criterion for classification of the types of legal responsibility. Emphasis is placed on the social relations underlying the legal relations, namely legal relations in the area of bringing to legal responsibility. On the example of responsibility for committing tax fraud, the article demonstrates the failure of attempts to find qualification criteria on the basis of the normative legal acts outside the entirety of social relations. The article determines the close link between social relations in the economic sphere, as well as their impact upon legal relations emerging in the context of bringing to legal responsibility as a whole and administrative responsibility in particular.

scholarly journals The Personal Identity of Gifted Adolescents in the Social Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Olga Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
State University ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Development Support ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gifted Adolescents

The author suggests that the practical problems of gifted children are frequently connected with their tendency to untimely address socialization issues. Socialization is increasingly connected with the processes of self-development, self-realization, self-assertion and self-determination of a child, as well as with the spheres of identity and social relationships. An empirical study of gifted adolescents’ personal identity is presented in the article. The study was conducted in the Multidisciplinary School of Kostroma State University as part of a pilot program for personal development support of gifted schoolchildren. The results include the definition of self-identification characteristics of gifted adolescents, including their identification with the group and the community. The psychological and pedagogical correction methods are proposed to support the process of self-identification in gifted adolescents.

scholarly journals La epistemología de la Escuela Austriaca de economía (la fundamental aportación de F. A. Hayek a la teoría del conocimiento)

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-303
Author(s):  
César Meseguer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Outstanding Representative

The exact process of the human brain and mind information and development is still, in many ways, a true mystery. Nonetheless, it seems clear that the evolutionary process enabled the brain and mind to progress from the most basic and instinctive aspects to evermore advanced levels of abstraction, which permitted the generation of increasingly complex abilities and elaborate language. But, how do we believe that the human mind works? How are we able to acquire knowledge and to transmit it? What are the appropriate methods to try and get close to the «real» world that surrounds us? The Austrian School of Economics has made some very interesting contributions to this subject, not only with regards to epistemology but also in the social sciences, mainly thanks to the contribution of the school’s most outstanding representative, F.A. Hayek. The main goal of the present work is to try and make the importance of Hayek’s contribution known, as well as to examine its derived consequences for epistemology and social science methodologies in general, and the consequences for Economics and Law in particular. Key Words: Epistemology, evolution, methodology, ontology, knowledge, sci-ence, method, reason, Austrian School. JEL Classification: B40, B41, B49, B52, B53. Resumen: El proceso exacto de formación y desarrollo del cerebro humano y de la mente es todavía en muchos aspectos un auténtico misterio. No obstante, parece claro que el proceso evolutivo permitió ir pasando desde los aspectos más básicos e instintivos, hasta niveles cada vez más elevados de abstracción, que permitieron la generación de habilidades complejas y de un lenguaje cada vez más elaborado. Pero ¿cómo creemos que funciona la mente huma-na? ¿Cómo somos capaces de adquirir conocimientos y transmitirlos? ¿Cuáles son los métodos adecuados para tratar de acercarnos a la «verdad» del mun-do que nos rodea? Sobre estas materias, la Escuela Austriaca de Economía, ha realizado aportaciones muy interesantes, tanto en epistemología, como en metodología de las ciencias sociales, fundamentalmente gracias a la contribu-ción de su representante más destacado, F. A. Hayek. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es tratar de dar a conocer la gran importancia de esa contribu-ción, así como las consecuencias que de ella se derivan para la epistemología y la metodología de las ciencias sociales en general, y para la Economía y el Derecho en particular. Palabras clave: Epistemología, evolutivo, metodología, ontología, conocimien-to, ciencia, modelo, razón, Escuela Austriaca. Clasificación JEL: B40, B41, B49, B52, B53.

scholarly journals BUSINESS MODEL AS A SUBJECT FOR LINGUAL AND COGNITIVE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marharyta Heletka ◽  
◽  
Iryna Cherkashchenko ◽  
Valentyna Kravchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Business Modeling ◽  
The Real ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Definition Of

Lingual analysis allows structuring and rationalizing human perception of the real world through the primacy of semantics, the encyclopedic nature of linguistic meaning, the perspectival nature of pure lexical meaning. Cognitive science focuses on human mind, assuming it has mental representations similar to computer data structures, and computational procedures identical to computational algorithms. Supposedly, human mind relies on such mental representations as declarative knowledge including logical propositions, rules, concepts, images, and analogies. Additionally, the mind uses procedural knowledge including operations such as search, matching, retrieval and deduction. The combination of lingual and cognitive analyses turns out to be an effective tool for providing a comprehensive approach to studying and deep understanding of language concepts that reflect the phenomena of the real world. The paper deals with BUSINESS MODEL as a complicated economic concept, whose profound analysis and understanding is of great practical value for business analysis segment. Proceeding from the above, lingual and cognitive analysis of the concept BUSINESS MODEL also requires an inter-disciplinary approach, related both to linguo-cognitive and economic studies. Thus, the paper represents an attempt to clarify the mental essence of BUSINESS MODEL, which is implied by diverse language units verbalizing this concept, and to give it a rational structured form that can be easily understood and used by skillful experts in the field of economics. The research also focuses on major stages of linguo-cognitive analysis, used for establishing the relationship between mental and language representation of BUSINESS MODEL as an extralinguistic essence. The analysis offered enables determining a generalized definition of the BUSINESS MODEL in terms of cognitive linguistics and business-modeling/reengineering. At the long last, the cognitive paradigm of modern linguistic studies gives linguists the possibility to discover extralinguistic reality, mechanisms of human thinking through the lenses of language data, and processes of coding and knowledge objectification on the world in language structures. The relevance of the paper resulted from a very important scientifically practical task, namely the necessity to generalize the definition of the concept of BUSINESS MODEL in order to provide business-modeling and reengineering services to corporations. The aim of the paper is to create the conceptual interframe net of BUSINESS MODEL; to determine semantic roles (actants) as part of propositions that form frames; to find out the structure of the universal BUSINESS MODEL. The research focuses on the concept BUSINESS MODEL and a set of semantic roles and connections between them that form the concept under examination. Moreover, it has been established that BUSINESS MODEL belongs to semiotic fractal systems. The lingual and cognitive analyses gave an opportunity to figure out the preconditions for specification of top-down levels of the business-model as a multi-level construction with iterative nature.

SOCIOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON IDENTITY AND SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION: THE INDIVIDUAL IN AMBIGUOUS MODERNITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karnat
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Dimension ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

The paper examines the diverse ways of self-definition of individuals in a changing reality, which is attributed to a hybrid and ambiguous character. The emphasis is on identity discourse in the individual dimension. While questioning the possibility of clearly defining the Self in the world of diverse relations and ambiguous social reality, a dilemma arises: one identity or many identities? It should be pointed out here that there is a transition from identity as a complex and dynamic attribute (aspect) of the individual to the multiplicity of individual identities as a variety of its identifications with the objects of the social world. More radically, doubts can be raised here about the usefulness of the category of identity. Behind such thinking are not merely methodological difficulties in recognizing the different dimensions and contexts in which the individual defines his or her identity or identities. It is certainly possible to speak here of a different meaning attributed to the category of identity, especially in its theoretical-cognitive sense. The consequence of this is also the different meaning that is attributed to the utility of this category, i.e. its instrumental use for the self-determination of individuals. The stronger the adherence to the terminology of modernity, the stronger the indication of a possible and fully conscious (reflexive) project that identity may become for the constructively acting individual. Departure from modern nomenclature complicates the issues of defining identity itself, and thus also does not make the task easier in the sphere of social practice and does not provide easy utilitarian solutions. Moreover, the difficulties concern not only what individual identity is (or could be) in the functional sense, but also its very structure and the fundamental question of its durability (or at least relative stability) in the context of individualization.

scholarly journals The specificity of legal regime for implementation of business activity in the territories of advanced socioeconomic development

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Mikhailovna Sidneva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of

The subject of this research is the legal regime for implementation of business activity in the territory of advanced socioeconomic development in the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the social relations that arise between the actors in the course of conducting business activity in the territory of advanced socioeconomic development. The article outlines the essential characteristics of the definition of the territory of advanced socioeconomic development based on the available research on the topic and current legislation of the Russian Federation. The author also explores the constituent composition of the territory of advanced socioeconomic development and debating points related to implementation of their rights and responsibilities. The scientific novelty lies in determination of the new theoretical positions towards the fundamentals of legal regulation of business activity in the territory of advanced socioeconomic development, and formulation of recommendations for improving the statutory support of such relations. Having analyzes the legal regulation of business activity conducted in the territory of advanced socioeconomic development, the author determines the specificity of implementation of such activity, as well as characteristics of the territory of advanced socioeconomic development from cognate categories with similar legal regime. The article considers the constituent composition of the territories of advanced socioeconomic development and peculiarities of implementation of their rights and responsibilities.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

Pedagang Kaki Lima, Profil Entrepreneurship Sejati, Pelaku Ekonomi Kerakyatan, Ciptakan Jiwa Kewirausahaan Mandiri

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Agus Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article is motivated by the fact that the existence of the Street Vendor (PKL) profession is a manifestation of the difficulty of work and the lack of jobs. The scarcity of employment due to the consideration of the number of jobs with unbalanced workforce, economically this has an impact on the number of street vendors (PKL) exploding ... The purpose of being a street vendor is, as a livelihood, making a living, looking for a bite of rice for family, because of the lack of employment, this caused the number of traders to increase. The scarcity of jobs, causes informal sector migration job seekers to create an independent spirit, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship, with capital, managed by traders who are true populist economic actors. The problems in street vendors are: (1) how to organize, regulate, empower street vendors in the cities (2) how to foster, educate street vendors, and (3) how to help, find capital for street vendors (4) ) how to describe grief as a Five-Foot Trader. This paper aims to find a solution to the problem of street vendors, so that cases of conflict, cases of disputes, clashes of street vendors with Satpol PP can be avoided. For this reason, the following solutions must be sought: (1) understanding the causes of the explosions of street vendors (2) understanding the problems of street vendors. (3) what is the solution to solving street vendors in big cities. (4) describe Street Vendors as actors of the people's economy. This article is qualitative research, the social paradigm is the definition of social, the method of retrieving observational data, in-depth interviews, documentation. Data analysis uses Interactive Miles and Huberman theory, with stages, Collection Data, Display Data, Data Reduction and Vervying or conclusions.

Silence and Sound in Black Girl Utopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Alexis Pauline Gumbs
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Black Girl ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tone Deaf ◽  
At Home

Ladeedah is an audio novella that takes place in a Black utopic space after “the improvised revolution.” Ladeedah is a tone-deaf, rhythm-lacking Black girl in a world where everyone dances and sings at all times. What is Ladeedah's destiny as a quiet, clumsy genius in a society where movement and sound are the basis of the social structure and the definition of freedom? This excerpt from Ladeedah focuses on Ladeedah's attempts to understand the meaning of revolution from her own perspectives—at home, at school, and in her own mind and body.

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