Bactericidal and Antibiofilm Activity of Anacardic Acid Loaded-Zein Nanoparticles Against Enterococcus faecalis Ex Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2918-2925
Author(s):  
Ialle Gurgel Borges ◽  
Jennifer Thayanne Cavalcante de Araújo ◽  
Francisco Fábio Oliveira de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Anacardic Acid ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Viable Bacteria

Anacardic acid has demonstrated extraordinary antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal activity of zein nanoparticles containing anacardic acid and its effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. The minimum inhibitory and bactericide concentrations of zein blank and loaded nanoparticles were determined using the microdilution method. Fifty-four human root specimens were used in 4 groups as follows: anacardic acid nanoparticles; blank zein nanoparticles; chlorhexidine gluconate 2% solution; sterile saline solution 0.9% (negative control) to evaluate the antibiofilm activity over 30 days. An inoculum-free group was used to validate the experimental protocol. Microbial collections were done before and 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after the treatments. Anacardic acid nanoparticles presented remarkable inhibitory (0.042 yiig/ml) and bactericide (0.083 yiig/ml) activity against E. faecalis. The groups anacardic acid and blank zein nanoparticles presented a considerable reduction on the viable bacteria levels over 30 days (99.93 and 99.55%, respectively), comparable to chlorhexidine. No treatment was able to fully eliminate E. faecalis biofilms overtime. Blank nanoparticles also demonstrated satisfactory results, even so no inhibition was observed in the microdilution method. Scanning Electron Microscopic images revealed the presence of residual biofilms on the dentin surfaces of all groups and stages evaluated. Anacardic acid nanoparticles were found to be a potent bactericide agent against E. faecalis. While chlorhexidine and anacardic acid nanoparticles acted chemically; blank zein nanoparticles possibly functioned as a physical barrier preventing E. faecalis proliferation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Lentinus edodes Mushroom Extract on Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Lestari Anggiarini ◽  
◽  
Meiny F Amin ◽  
Juanita A Gunawan ◽  
Armelia Sari Widyarman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Mushroom Extract ◽  
Level Of Significance

Sodium hypochlorite is a commonly used irrigation solution in endodontic procedures, but it irritates tissues and has toxic effects. Lentinus edodes is a mushroom that has antibacterial properties. Enterococcus faecalis is an anaerobic bacterium that can cause root canal treatment failure. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of L. edodes extract on the eradication of E. faecalis biofilms. Methods: Phytochemical tests of L. edodes were performed to analyze alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides from this extract qualitatively. E. faecalis ATCC 29212 was cultured in brain heart infusion broth for 24 h at 37°C in an anaerobic atmosphere. Biofilm assay was performed to analyze the eradication of E. faecalis biofilm after treatment with L. edodes extract. The application times were 5, 15, and 30, and 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% concentrations were used. Distilled water was used as a negative control, and NaOCl was used as a positive control. Data were statistically analyzed via one-way analysis of variance, where p < 0.05 was set as the level of significance. Results: L. edodes mushroom extract was effective in eradicating E. faecalis biofilms in all concentrations and incubation times compared with the control (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found between the application times of 5 and 15 min compared with 30 min (p < 0.05). The most effective concentration in eradicating E faecalis biofilms was 40% with an application time of 30 min. Conclusion: L. edodes mushroom extract proves its antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis biofilm. Further study is necessary to determine which substances are have the most influence on the effectiveness of L. edodes extract in eradicating E. faecalis biofilm in vivo.

scholarly journals GC/MS Profiling and Ex Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Salvadora persica (Siwak) against Enterococcus faecalis as Intracanal Medicament

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nahla Ayoub ◽  
Nadia Badr ◽  
Saeed S Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Arwa Alzahrani ◽  
Rahaf Alsulaimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Group I

Introduction. Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) has been used for many centuries as oral hygiene tools, particularly in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of S. persica petroleum ether extract (SPE) as an intracanal bactericidal for endodontic treatment against Enterococcus faecalis. Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 gold standard intracanal medicament was used for comparison. Methods. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was carried out to identify the components of SPE. First, the consistency of SPE was accomplished according to ANSI/ADA specification no 57. Forty-five single-rooted mandibular premolars were infected with that of E. faecalis suspension. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted before the medicaments’ application (CFU-1) and after seven days of their applications (CFU-2). Group I: SPE, Group II: positive control Ca(OH)2, and Group III: saline solution negative control. The microdilution method was applied to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of SPE. Results. Thirty-two compounds were identified (89.09%), with main components of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) (33.32%) and steroids (34%). CFU before and after using SPE and Ca(OH)2 recorded a statistically significant reduction in bacterial count ( P = 0.006 ) and ( P = 0.01 ), respectively. There was an insignificant difference between CFU after using SPE and Ca(OH)2 ( P = 0.210 ). On the contrary, comparing both medicaments with the negative control saline group resulted in significant differences, ( P = 0.001 ) and ( P = 0.007 ), respectively. Moreover, the equality of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SPE is recorded. Conclusion. This finding could be referred to the high content of bactericidal BITC in synergism with other antimicrobial components, representing 70.71% of SPE. Thus, SPE is a good candidate as an intracanal medicament, which warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Ex-vivo Effect of Intracanal Medications Based on Ozone and Calcium Hydroxide in Root Canals Contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Vieira Farac ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pizzolitto ◽  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru ◽  
Renata Dornelles Morgental ◽  
Regina Karla de Pontes Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Colony Forming Units

This ex vivo study evaluated the antibacterial effect of intracanal medications in root canals contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. Fifty single-rooted human teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and incubated at 37°C for 21 days. The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the intracanal medication used: OZ-PG: ozonized propylene glycol; CH/CPMC: calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol; OZ-PG/CH ozonized PG/CH; PC: positive control group (no medication); and NC: negative control group (no contamination). The samples were collected after 7 days (post-medication) and 14 days (final). Bacterial growth was checked by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). OZ-PG and CH/CPMC reduced significantly the CFU counts compared with PC in the post-medication and final samples, with no statistically significant differences among them. On the other hand, OZ-PG/CH did not reduce significantly the number of bacteria compared with PC. In conclusion, among the evaluated medications OZ-PG and CH/CPMC were the most effective against E. faecalis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Photodynamic Therapy Using a Diode Laser 635 nm as an Adjunct to Conventional Chemo-Mechanical Endodontic Procedures against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: Ex-Vivo Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2925
Author(s):  
Gianluca Tenore ◽  
Gaspare Palaia ◽  
Guido Migliau ◽  
Ahmed Mohsen ◽  
Federica Rocchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Control Group

The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the use of Toluidine Blue (TB) on extracted teeth infected with biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis. Fifty-four extracted teeth with single-roots and single canals were mechanically shaped, autoclaved, and contaminated with E. faecalis. They were randomly divided into six groups: two groups were negative and positive control groups, two groups were subjected to mechanical instrumentation and PDT with different pre-irradiation times and irradiation times, and two groups were subjected to chemo-mechanical endodontic treatment and PDT with different pre-irradiation times and irradiation times. In PDT groups, after the application of TB, the canals were irradiated with a diode laser of wavelength 635 nm, with a fiber diameter of 200 μm and 100 mW of power in continuous mode. The bacterial load was evaluated using a BioTimer Assay protocol. The greatest reduction of bacterial load was observed in groups of combined PDT with chemo-mechanical treatment. The reductions of bacterial load in groups of combined PDT with chemo-mechanical treatment, and in the positive control group, were significant (p < 0.01) when compared to that of the negative control group. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive modality may improve the disinfection capacity of conventional endodontic treatment against E. faecalis.

scholarly journals Efficacy of 0.05% Chlorhexidine and 0.05% Cetylpyridinium Chloride Mouthwash to Eliminate Living Bacteria on In Situ Collected Biofilms: An In Vitro Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Kathrin Becker ◽  
Giulia Brunello ◽  
Luisa Scotti ◽  
Dieter Drescher ◽  
Gordon John
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Viability Assay

Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes are frequently used as an adjunctive measure for the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, as well as in patients on maintenance therapy. However, their prolonged use is associated with several side effects. This study aimed at evaluating if a mouthwash with a reduced concentration of CHX combined with cetylpyridnium chloride (CPC) was as effective as a conventional CHX mouthwash in the reduction in living cells in oral biofilms attached to hydroxyapatite (HA) and micro-rough titanium (Ti) surfaces. Four healthy volunteers wore a customized acrylic appliance containing HA and Ti discs for in situ plaque accumulation. Biofilms were grown on the discs for 24 or 48 h and then randomly exposed for 60 s to: 0.05% CHX + 0.05% CPC, 0.1% CHX (positive control) or sterile saline (negative control). Viability assay and live-dead staining were performed to quantify bacterial viability and to distinguish live and dead cells, respectively. At both time points, contrary to saline, CHX, both alone and in combination with CPC, exhibited high antibacterial properties and induced a significant reduction in biofilm viability. This study demonstrates the potential of mouthwashes containing a low concentration of CHX combined with CPC as effective antibacterial agents for long-term applications with reduced undesired side effects.

scholarly journals The effect of different root canal medicaments on the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis ex vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Dammaschke ◽  
Nina Jung ◽  
Inga Harks ◽  
Edgar Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Positive Controls

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine gel (CHX-G) 2%, chlorhexidine powder (CHX-P) 1%, povidone-iodine (PVP-I), polyhexanide and camphorated-and-mentholated chlorophenol (ChKM) ex vivo. Materials and Methods: For every medicament group 10 root segments (15 mm long) of extracted human teeth were prepared to ISO-size 45 and sterilized (n = 50). The root segments were then inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and aerobically incubated at 37°C. After 1 week, ten root canals were filled with one of the medicaments, respectively and aerobically incubated at 37°C for another week. Ten teeth served as positive controls and were filled with sterile saline solution. After 7 days, the medicaments were inactivated and all root canals were instrumented to ISO-size 50. The obtained dentin samples were dispersed in Ringer solution followed by the preparation of serial dilutions. 10 ΅l per sample were applied to an agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. The colony forming units were counted and the reduction factors (RFs) were calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: Compared with the positive controls all medicaments exhibited an antibacterial effect against E. faecalis. The RFs for CHX-G, CHX-P and ChKM were significantly higher compared to PVP-I and polyhexanide (P < 0.05). In contrast to PVP-I and polyhexanide, CHX-G, CHX-P and ChKM were able to eliminate E. faecalis from all dentin samples. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this ex vivo investigation, 2% CHX-G and CHX-P were as effective as ChKM against E. faecalis. Thus, when choosing a root canal medicament the better biocompatibility of CHX compared with ChKM should be taken in consideration.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of different endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis: an ex vivo study.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Fabio Luis Miranda Pedro ◽  
Lenieser Fajardo Nunes ◽  
Thiago Machado Pereira ◽  
Kellin Pivatto ◽  
Cyntia Rodrigues de Araujo Estrela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Peristaltic Pump ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of different endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212).Methods: Seventy bovine mandibular incisors were prepared, inoculated with a bacterial strain for 60 days and divided into the following groups: positive control; negative control; 2.5% NaOCl; 17% EDTA; 0.2% chitosan; 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% chitosan; and 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA. The irrigation protocol was performed using an experimental peristaltic pump device, with the irrigating solutions circulating within the apparatus at a constant flow for 10 min. Paper-point samples were then collected from the root canals and immersed in 7 mL of brain heart infusion broth, followed by incubation at 37°C for 48 h. Bacterial growth was assessed by turbidity of the culture medium.Results: E. faecalis was present in all samples after the use of different irrigants.Conclusion: The different irrigants tested were not effective in completely eliminating dentin bacterial contamination with E. faecalis.

Exhibition of novel photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence properties with high inhibition towards bacterial growth by hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Panda ◽  
Dojalisa Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
High Inhibition

Background: Metal oxide nanomaterial such as; ZnO shows novel structural, optical, electrical and antibacterial properties due to wide band gap (3.37 eV) and high excitonic binding energy (60 meV). Probing these inherent properties of nanosized ZnO with different morphology has generated new interest among researchers Objective: To investigate the size dependent functional attributes, ZnO nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal method and the photocatalytic (PC) efficiency was studied. The photoluminescence (PL) property of ZnO nanorods was also studied by recording the emission spectrum under photo-excitation. These nanorods (NRs) were coated on cotton fabric to study the effectiveness of these NRs in defending and inhibiting the growth of different bacteria Methods: The crystallographic structure and morphology of the ZnO samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) measurements. PL measurement at room temperature was undertaken by exciting the sample with light of wavelength 350 nm. The PC property of ZnO NRs was studied in degrading organic dyes like methylene blue. Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were cultured and the inhibition of growth of these bacteria was studied by the application of ZnO. To enhance the microbe defence mechanism of fabric, we coated these NRs on fabric test samples and investigated the bacterial growth on it. Results: XRD and FESEM studies reveal the dimension of the synthesized products in nano range. These nanorods are of high density and surface roughness as per the FESEM study. PL measurement shows the presence of strong UV emission at 382 nm with defect emissions in the blue-green region opening up the path for ZnO to be used in fabrication of optoelectronic devices. PC study reveals that 89% degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye is achievable in 180 min using these ZnO catalysts. The anti-bacterial study shows that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO nanorods coated on the fabric against S. aureus is found to be 3.5 mg/ml which is the minimum as compared to E. coli (7.5 mg/ml) and B. subtilis (5.5 mg/ml). The study further enunciates that fabric coated with ZnO samples exhibited considerably high inhibition activity toward S. aureus. Conclusion: The study shows that ZnO NRs can be effectively used for fabrication of UV-LASER/LED. Photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO will be useful for degradation of organic dyes controlling environment pollution. It further enunciates that fabric coated with ZnO samples exhibited considerably high inhibition activity toward S. aureus (skin bacteria) which will be helpful in defending microbes if used in surgical cotton bandages

scholarly journals Optimizing cisplatin delivery to triple-negative breast cancer through novel EGFR aptamer-conjugated polymeric nanovectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Agnello ◽  
Silvia Tortorella ◽  
Annachiara d’Argenio ◽  
Clarissa Carbone ◽  
Simona Camorani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Metastatic Setting

Abstract Background Management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still challenging because of its aggressive clinical behavior and limited targeted treatment options. Cisplatin represents a promising chemotherapeutic compound in neoadjuvant approaches and in the metastatic setting, but its use is limited by scarce bioavailability, severe systemic side effects and drug resistance. Novel site-directed aptamer-based nanotherapeutics have the potential to overcome obstacles of chemotherapy. In this study we investigated the tumor targeting and the anti-tumorigenic effectiveness of novel cisplatin-loaded and aptamer-decorated nanosystems in TNBC. Methods Nanotechnological procedures were applied to entrap cisplatin at high efficacy into polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) that were conjugated on their surface with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) selective and cell-internalizing CL4 aptamer to improve targeted therapy. Internalization into TNBC MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells of aptamer-decorated PNPs, loaded with BODIPY505-515, was monitored by confocal microscopy using EGFR-depleted cells as negative control. Tumor targeting and biodistribution was evaluated by fluorescence reflectance imaging upon intravenously injection of Cyanine7-labeled nanovectors in nude mice bearing subcutaneous MDA-MB-231 tumors. Cytotoxicity of cisplatin-loaded PNPs toward TNBC cells was evaluated by MTT assay and the antitumor effect was assessed by tumor growth experiments in vivo and ex vivo analyses. Results We demonstrate specific, high and rapid uptake into EGFR-positive TNBC cells of CL4-conjugated fluorescent PNPs which, when loaded with cisplatin, resulted considerably more cytotoxic than the free drug and nanovectors either unconjugated or conjugated with a scrambled aptamer. Importantly, animal studies showed that the CL4-equipped PNPs achieve significantly higher tumor targeting efficiency and enhanced therapeutic effects, without any signs of systemic toxicity, compared with free cisplatin and untargeted PNPs. Conclusions Our study proposes novel and safe drug-loaded targeted nanosystems for EGFR-positive TNBC with excellent potential for the application in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages to Control Multi-Drug Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Infection of Dental Root Canals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Telbany ◽  
Gamal El-Didamony ◽  
Ahmed Askora ◽  
Eman Ariny ◽  
Dalia Abdallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Root Canals

Phage therapy is an alternative treatment to antibiotics that can overcome multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize lytic bacteriophages targeted against Enterococcus faecalis isolated from root canal infections obtained from clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Ismalia, Egypt. Bacteriophage, vB_ZEFP, was isolated from concentrated wastewater collected from hospital sewage. Morphological and genomic analysis revealed that the phage belongs to the Podoviridae family with a linear double-stranded DNA genome, consisting of 18,454, with a G + C content of 32.8%. Host range analysis revealed the phage could infect 10 of 13 E. faecalis isolates exhibiting a range of antibiotic resistances recovered from infected root canals with efficiency of plating values above 0.5. One-step growth curves of this phage showed that it has a burst size of 110 PFU per infected cell, with a latent period of 10 min. The lytic activity of this phage against E. faecalis biofilms showed that the phage was able to control the growth of E. faecalis in vitro. Phage vB_ZEFP could also prevent ex-vivo E. faecalis root canal infection. These results suggest that phage vB_ZEFP has potential for application in phage therapy and specifically in the prevention of infection after root canal treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document