Structures and dyeing performances of polyethyleneimine-carbamate linked bamboo viscose fibers dyed with lac

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Suthisa Sombatdee ◽  
Sunan Saikrasun
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Viscose Fibers ◽  
Protonated Amines ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Lac Dye

Polyethyleneimine (PEI)-immobilization of bamboo viscose fibers using carbamate linkages (ABF-PEI) was investigated in order to improve the dyeing properties of the fiber. Results from morphological observation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis clearly showed the successful carbamate binding of PEI at hydroxyl groups of cellulose fiber. The adsorption studies revealed that fast and efficient adsorption was achieved for ABF-PEI. Under optimum dyeing conditions, the amount of dye adsorbed on ABF-PEI at equilibrium (>100 mg/g) was much higher than that of the unmodified fiber (<10 mg/g). The adsorption behavior of lac dyeing on the PEI-modified bamboo viscose fibers could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. The proposed mechanism mainly involved the electrostatic ion–dipole interaction between protonated amines of PEI and negative charged sites of lac dye. The color fastness results indicated good resistance of color changes for ABF-PEI, suggesting efficiency of the surface modifying method of PEI-immobilization on bamboo viscose fibers.

scholarly journals A Facile Green Fabrication and Characterization of Cellulose-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Sheets for an Antimicrobial Food Packaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongyoung Kwon ◽  
Wooseok Lee ◽  
Jung Wook Choi ◽  
Nattinee Bumbudsanpharoke ◽  
Seonghyuk Ko
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

The present study focused on a facile and green approach for the one-step synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded in hard wood bleached kraft fiber. The hydroxyl groups on the cellulose chain induced ionic silver reduction with additional hydrothermal energy, allowing for the in situ formation and deposition of AgNPs on the cellulose fiber. The white color of the bleached fiber transformed to yellow due to the formation of AgNPs. UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the AgNPs were uniformly distributed across the surface of the obtained cellulose fibers. The results indicated that the formation and distribution of AgNPs on surface of cellulose fibers was significantly influenced by the amount and concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3). The antimicrobial activity of the cellulose-AgNP composite sheet against Escherichia coli was found to be inhibiting. These findings imply that cellulose-AgNP composite sheets can be feasibly used as antimicrobial paper for food packaging.

Adsorption of PtCl62− from Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Chemically Modified Lignin Based on Rice Straw

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoping Zhang ◽  
Bowen Shen ◽  
Meichen Guo ◽  
Yun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Modified Lignin

A novel adsorbent with the properties of selective adsorption based on rice straw was used to adsorb PtCl62− from hydrochloric acid solution by batch sorption. Many influencing factors for PtCl62− adsorption, such as initial concentration of PtCl62−, adsorption time, and concentration of hydrochloric acid, were optimized. The results suggested that the saturation adsorption capacity of PtCl62− was 218.8mgg−1 and the equilibrium adsorption time was 120min. The adsorbent had excellent selectivity on PtCl62− when the concentration of hydrochloric acid was lower than 0.5molL−1. The adsorption fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption mechanism was investigated by FT-IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses and it indicated that PtIV was reduced to PtII by hydroxy groups and then coordinated with N through ion exchange between Cl− and PtCl42−.

scholarly journals Removal of Zn(II) By Magnetic Composite Adsorbent: Synthesis, Performance, And Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Yi ◽  
Binqin Bao ◽  
Weifeng Song ◽  
MuDdan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Magnetic Composite ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Exchange Effect ◽  
Composite Adsorbent ◽  
Composite Gel ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Abstract In this study, L-methionine and nano-Fe3O4 were encapsulated and cured on sodium alginate by the ionic cross-linking method to form magnetic composite gel spheres (SML). The influence of adsorbent dosages, pH, reaction time, and initial ion concentration on the ability of the gel spheres to adsorb Zn(II) was investigated. The experimental results indicated that under the optimum conditions, the maximum amount of Zn(II) adsorbed by the adsorbent gel spheres reached 86.84 mgˑg-1. The experimental results of adsorption indicate that the reaction process of this adsorbent fits well with the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and is a heat absorption reaction. The results of the adsorption investigation of the coexistence system showed that the adsorbent would preferentially adsorb Pb(II), and the adsorption efficiency of Zn(II) decreased when the concentration of interfering ions increased. The structure of this adsorbent and the adsorption mechanism were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermal gravimetric analyzer, vibrating sample magnetometer, scanning electron microscope, Brunner-Emmet-Teller measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that this magnetic composite adsorbent is a mesoporous material with superior adsorption performance, and the amino and carboxyl groups on it react with Zn(II) via ligand chelation; the ion exchange effect of Ca(II) also plays a role. The desorption-adsorption experiments of the adsorbent indicated that the adsorption amount of Zn(II) was maintained at a higher level after several cycles, and the loss of Fe was approximately 0.2%. In summary, SML is an ideal adsorbent for environmental protection.

Solar-Powered Electrocoagulation System for Tofu Wastewater Treatment and its Characteristic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-348
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Ajeng Arum Sari ◽  
Sunu Pertiwi ◽  
Danar Aji Prasetyo ◽  
Sudarno Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sludge Characterization ◽  
Aluminium Electrode ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Solar Powered

This study aims to investigate the ability of solar-powered electrocoagulation for tofu wastewater, especially for reducing COD and TSS. This feasibility was compared with conventional electrocoagulation using electricity from the state electricity company. The study was conducted on a laboratory scale using a batch reactor electrocoagulation and aluminium electrode. The types of electrolytes used are sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The contact time is 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. The results showed that removal of COD and TSS in tofu wastewater increases with a longer electrolysis time. During two hours of electrolysis time, the removal of COD and TSS were 25 and 53.85%, respectively. This process yielded the highest COD and TSS removal of 75 and 76.9%, respectively, at 6 hours. Pseudo-second order kinetics about COD removal, both in conventional and solar panel systems, is concluded. By adding NaCl electrolytes, the conductivity of wastewater was increased, and then the removal of COD and TSS was also increased. At the end of the electrolysis time (5 hours), the pH of wastewater was neutral. The results of sludge characterization using FTIR showed the presence of hydroxyl groups, amide compound, and aromatic compound.  The process of using solar panels gives results slightly different from conventional electricity, but has advantages in terms of lower operating costs and environmental friendly.

scholarly journals Enhanced removal of hexavalent chromium by different acid-modified biochar derived from corn straw: behavior and mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 2270-2280
Author(s):  
Yonggang Xu ◽  
Tianxia Bai ◽  
Yubo Yan ◽  
Yunfeng Zhao ◽  
Ling Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Biochar ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract It is of great significance to remove Cr(VI) from water as a result of its high toxicity. Biochar from corn straw was modified by different acids (HNO3, H2SO4 and H3PO4) to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. To estimate the removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) by the acid-modified biochars, batch experiments were performed in the light of contact time, Cr(VI) concentration, and pH, and the characteristics of acid-modified biochars before and after Cr(VI) adsorption were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) by acid-modified biochars were consistent with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption isotherm obeyed the Freundlich model. Furthermore, the acid- modified biochars could supply more oxygen-containing functional groups (-COOH and -OH) as electron donor (e−) and hydrogen ion (H+) to enhance the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), resulting in enhanced removal of Cr(VI). HNO3-modified biochar exhibited the highest removal efficiency of Cr(VI). In general, the acid modifition of biochar was an effective method to increase the removal of Cr(VI).

scholarly journals Synthesis of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron (nZVI) Supported on Biochar for Chromium Remediation from Aqueous Solution and Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Hongyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

Maize straw biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composite (MSB-nZVI) was prepared for efficient chromium (Cr) removal through alleviating the aggregation of zero-valent iron particles. The removal mechanism of MSB-nZVI was investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by MSB-nZVI was greatly affected by pH and initial concentration. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) decreased with increasing pH, and the removal kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. XRD patterns of MSB-nZVI before and after reaction showed that reduction and precipitation/co-precipitation (FeCr2O4, Fe3O4, Fe2O3) occurred with the conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and Fe(0) to Fe(II)/Fe(III). The produced precipitation/co-precipitation could be deposited on the MSB surface rather than being only coated on the surface of nZVI particles, which can alleviate passivation of nZVI. For remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated saline–alkali soil (pH 8.6–9.0, Cr 341 mg/kg), the released amount of Cr(VI) was 70.7 mg/kg, while it sharply decreased to 0.6–1.7 mg/kg at pH 4.0–8.0, indicating that the saline–alkali environment inhibited the remediation efficiency. These results show that MSB-nZVI can be used as an effective material for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution and contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Adsorption of As(V) by the Novel and Efficient Adsorbent Cerium-Manganese Modified Biochar

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2720
Author(s):  
Ting Liang ◽  
Lianfang Li ◽  
Changxiong Zhu ◽  
Xue Liu ◽  
Hongna Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Biochar ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ph Range

Arsenic has become a global concern in water environment, and it is essential to develop efficient remediation methods. In this study, a novel adsorbent by loading cerium and manganese oxide onto wheat straw-modified biochar (MBC) was manufactured successfully aiming to remove arsenic from polluted water. Through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and other techniques, it was found the loading of cerium and manganese oxide on MBC played a significant role in As(V) adsorption. The results of the batch test showed that the adsorption of MBC followed the pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir equation. The adsorption capacity of MBC was 108.88 mg As(V)/g at pH = 5.0 (C0 = 100 mg/L, dosage = 0.5 g/L, T = 298 K) with considerable improvement compared to the original biochar. Moreover, MBC exhibited excellent performance over a wide pH range (2.0~11.0). Thermodynamics of the sorption reaction showed that the entropy (ΔS), changes of enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG), respectively, were 85.88 J/(moL·K), 22.54 kJ/mol and −1.33 to −5.20 kJ/mol at T = 278~323 K. During the adsorption, the formation of multiple complexes under the influence of its abundant surface M-OH (M represents the Ce/Mn) groups involving multiple mechanisms that included electrostatic interaction forces, surface adsorption, redox reaction, and surface complexation. This study indicated that MBC is a promising adsorbent to remove As(V) from polluted water and has great potential in remediating of arsenic contaminated environment.

Preparation of low-cost sludge-based mesoporous carbon and its adsorption of tetracycline antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zou Junyu ◽  
Song Zefeng ◽  
Yang Yuesuo
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Isothermal Adsorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Preparation of sludge-derived mesoporous carbon materials (SMCs) through pyrolysis of excess activated sludge from urban municipal sewage plants is an effective means of reducing pollution and utilizing a waste resource. This paper presented a method of SMC preparation in which calcium oxide (CaO), polyacrylamide (PAM), and chitosan (CAS) flocculating agents were used as pore-forming additives. Physical and chemical characterizations of the prepared SMCs were conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared SMCs were used to adsorb a tetracycline (TC) antibiotic pollutant. The influences of pH, adsorption time, temperature, and pollutant concentration on TC adsorption capacity were determined. The experiments demonstrated that weakly acidic conditions were conducive to TC adsorption, which mainly occurs via electrostatic and π-π interactions. The TC adsorption process by SMCs conformed better to the pseudo-second-order models, indicating that chemical adsorption was the dominant adsorption process. The isothermal adsorption of TC by the SMCs conformed to the Freundlich model. This implied that TC easily adhered onto the SMC surfaces via multilayer homogeneous adsorption. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of TC onto SMCs was spontaneous and endothermic.

scholarly journals Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cabello-Alvarado ◽  
M. Andrade-Guel ◽  
M. Pérez-Alvarez ◽  
G. Cadenas-Pliego ◽  
Dora A. Cortés-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Ultrasound Waves ◽  
Effective Dispersion ◽  
Modified Graphene

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. In stages III and IV of CKD, uremic toxins must be removed from the patient by absorption, through a treatment commonly called hemodialysis. Aiming to improve the absorption of uremic toxins, we have studied its absorption in chemically modified graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). This study involved the reaction between GNPs and diamines with reaction times of 30, 45 and 60 min using ultrasound waves of different amplitudes and frequencies. Functionalized GNPs were analyzed by Fourier Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersitive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The analysis of the functional groups confirmed the presence of amide and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the GNPs by reactions of diamines with carboxylic acids and epoxides. Adsorption of uremic toxins was determined using equilibrium isotherms, where the maximum percentage of removal of uremic toxins was 97%. Dispersion of modified graphene nanoplatelets was evaluated in water, ethanol and hexane, as a result of this treatment was achieved a good and effective dispersion of diamines-modified graphene nanoplatelets in ethanol and hexane. Finally, the results of hemolysis assays of the modified graphene with amine demonstrated that it was not cytotoxic when using 500 mg/mL. The samples of modified graphene demonstrated low degree of hemolysis (<2%), so this material can be used for in vivo applications such as hemodialysis.

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