Situation of Migration and Potential Available to Reverse the Brain Drain — Case from Pakistan

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahana Kaukab
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
National Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Like a typical developing country, Pakistan has been facing the challenge of losing its human resources to the more prosperous and developed countries. A sizable number of the of country's highly qualified and experienced professionals immigrate to the so-called Western and Middle Eastern regions for a wide variety of reasons. At best, this phenomenon generates some financial resources in the form of remittances sent by these overseas Pakistanis. But at worst, it constantly impoverishes the various types of enterprises, services and sectors that develop and invest in these professionals in the form of subsidized training/education at different levels. Brain drain is also governed by a multitude of influences generated locally as well as globally. Comparative monetary benefits, quality of life, perceptions of better prospects for future generations, social freedom and liberal atmosphere are some parameters that are crucial in affecting the decision making at the individual level. Different stakeholders respond to brain drain in very different ways. The most peculiar is the official viewpoint, which favors the whole situation. The governments consider brain drain as an economically productive phenomenon. Remittances and direct transactions generated by the highly qualified human resources are taken as an achievement, instead of an impending predicament in the way of national development.

scholarly journals The Albanian Brain Drain phenomena and the Brain Gain strategy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arta Musaraj
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Brain

Qualitative human resources remain one of the main problem of Eastern Europe and in particular Western Balkan countries. After 20 years of deep economic, political and social transformation, those countries are facing the problem of the highly qualified human resources they lost in these two decades, while in most of cases there is no a real measurement of the weight and impact these phenomena of Brain Drain has in the quality of the work force. Most of them are trying to set up and apply Brain Gain strategies at a national level. The paper aims to analyze and evaluate the influence that the missing of a previous qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the Phenomena of Brain Drain in Albania, has in the successful application of the Brain Gain strategy. The research objective will be fulfilled by analyzing the evolution of the Brain Drain phenomena, by an introduction of the Albanian characteristic and shape of  Brain Drain from 1990, by analyzing the Brain Gain strategy applied in the country comparing it to a successful application. The paper analyzes factors and variables which may affect the successful application of Brain Gain in Albania while  evidences the importance of stakeholder approach in objectives and aims of Brain Gain program and strategy and the use of the  Balance Scorecard as a strategic management system in “brain gain” strategy set up and application in the case of Albania and those of other countries of the region as well.

scholarly journals Improving Child Nutritional Status in Order to Fill the Demographic Dividend in East Java Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Lutfi Agus Salim
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
The Impact

All Indonesian children are national assets where the future of the nation depends on their quality. East Java Province experienced a demographic bonus period and the peak occurred in 2019 and a third of the population of East Java were children aged 0-17 years. Now the government of East Java Province has implemented five strategies in dealing with demographic bonuses, namely improving the quality of youth human resources, creating quality human resources, placing the elderly population as assets, improving health efforts, and economic empowerment. In the strategy of increasing health efforts, it is necessary to evaluate the nutritional status of children and toddlers. Improving the nutritional status of the community is one of the efforts that has a significant impact and is one of the determining factors for improving the quality of human resources. At the individual level, nutritional conditions are influenced by nutritional intake and related infectious diseases. The first two years of life is a critical period, if there are nutritional disorders in this period, the impact is permanent.

scholarly journals Migration and Mitigation of effect from migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
MGNAS Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
National Development ◽  
University Education ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Survey

The migration of educated professionals, popularly referred to as the Brain Drain, is not new to Sri Lanka. When well educated people abandon their homes of origin towards greener pastures elsewhere, the nation loses enormous amounts of money spent towards their education.  It gets no returns from the vast amounts spent on the highly skilled.  Along with such brain drain, the less developed lose not only human resources but are forced to either ignore or abandon efforts for development making the economic divide more and more severe.  In Sri Lanka, only 10% of new entrants to schools each year, get selected for university education. On completion, most of them migrate for their education elsewhere with improved living conditions and aim towards positions in keeping with their skills.  This trend towards migration needs to be arrested and expertise needs to be directed towards national development. This study investigates mitigating brain drain and attempts to reduce the impact of brain drain on a developing country like Sri Lanka. After extensive research with an experimental survey taking into consideration 10 hypotheses and testing with statistical techniques to analyze the data, the study investigates factors leading to brain drain related mostly to Science, Computing, and Engineering related disciplines. It also proposes a sustainable development approach to mitigate the impact of brain-drain on a developing country like Sri Lanka based on a statistical foundation and migrants’ views.

scholarly journals System models for resilience in gerontology: application to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Klasa ◽  
Stephanie Galaitsi ◽  
Andrew Wister ◽  
Igor Linkov
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
System Level ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Chronic Stressors ◽  
The World ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe care needs for aging adults are increasing burdens on health systems around the world. Efforts minimizing risk to improve quality of life and aging have proven moderately successful, but acute shocks and chronic stressors to an individual’s systemic physical and cognitive functions may accelerate their inevitable degradations. A framework for resilience to the challenges associated with aging is required to complement on-going risk reduction policies, programs and interventions. Studies measuring resilience among the elderly at the individual level have not produced a standard methodology. Moreover, resilience measurements need to incorporate external structural and system-level factors that determine the resources that adults can access while recovering from aging-related adversities. We use the National Academies of Science conceptualization of resilience for natural disasters to frame resilience for aging adults. This enables development of a generalized theory of resilience for different individual and structural contexts and populations, including a specific application to the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Working Environment of Firefighters on the Quality of Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Hee-Chul Choi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Individual

This study aimed to contribute to the preparation of an action plan for the improvement of the quality of life of firefighters at the individual level by examining how the working environment as perceived by firefighters affects their quality of life. To this end, this study conducted a survey that used purposive sampling targeting 201 fire-fighting officers in Incheon. The survey results showed that of the sub-variables of the working environment of firefighters, monetary rewards, challenges, and promotion had a significant influence on the quality of life. Based on the results, this study suggested various action plans that can support the working environment and improve the quality of life of firefighters.

2019 TOKYO DECLARATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
James Appleyard
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Service Environment ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Individual Physician ◽  
The Individual

As the Congress explored the nature of burnout among doctors and health professionals in differing settings and in different nations it is clear that burnout is a global phenomenon. An organizational paradigm changes to a person- and people-centered system that incorporates complexity, is adaptive and integrative is essential. Such a change will enable continuing medical education be effective and the current unaffordable and unnecessary waste of human resources that the Congress identified reduced. The Congress reviewed a range of features precipitating burnout including a dysfunctional work–life balance and a variety of relatively simple individually protective factors. It is because of this variety that person- and people-centered initiatives rather than narrowly based top-down management solutions will prove effective Individual-level actions can be taken to reduce stress and poor health symptoms through effective coping and promoting healthy behavior. But there needs to be a much better alignment between the health system and the individual physician so that there are shared professional values within a clear medical ethical framework [23] that encourages professional development and adaptation to the health service environment and health system.

Brain Drain Controversy and African Scholars

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Man Singh Das
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Asian Student ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World

The phenomenon popularly known as brain drain has attracted growing concern in the United States and abroad (Tulsa Daily World, 1967; Committee on Manpower... 1967; Asian Student, 1968a: 3; 1968b: 1; 1969: 3; Institute of Applied Manpower . . . 1968; U. S. Congress, 1968; Gardiner, 1968: 194-202; Bechhofer, 1969: 1-71; Committee on the International Migration . . . 1970). The notion has been expressed that the poor countries of the world are being deprived of their talent and robbed of their human resources by the exchange of scholars and students which goes on between nations (U.S. Congress, 1968: 16-25; Mondale, 1967a: 24-6; 1967b: 67-9). Implicit is the idea that many students from these less developed countries go to the more highly developed and industrialized countries for study and decide not to return to their homeland.

Introduction of Innovations as a Guarantee of Labour Potential Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Zinaida Smutchak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Labour Potential

The article is devoted to the introduction of innovations in the development of labour potential of enterprises as a factor in improving the economic potential of the country. The possibility of using effective innovations used in the practice of the world's leading countries (including Germany, Great Britain, France, the United States and Japan) in the field of professional development of personnel is mentioned. Mechanisms for improving the efficiency of the system of professional development of staff are proposed. Attention is focused on the involvement of social partners in the organization and control over the quality of vocational training. In order to study effective forms and methods of professional development of staff and the introduction of social innovations in this area, developed and tested in other countries, it is necessary to take into account elements of foreign experience. This is especially justified and extremely relevant today in connection with the active processes of statehood of Ukraine and administrative reform. Contradictions between the needs of modernization of national enterprises and the lack of professional, highly qualified workers, specialists representing the newest activities (there are hundreds of them in the world every year), deteriorating quality of training - all this inevitably has a negative impact on social and labour relations. The main economic interests of the social partners in the field of labour, above all, prevents the desired income. Ukraine will quickly lose the existing advantages in personnel training in the absence of a system of continuous training of employees. The consequence of this situation is the transformation of Ukraine into a «supplier» of cheap labour for European countries and other developed countries. In Ukraine the development of vocational training is an important condition for both the provision of production with highly qualified personnel and increasing its efficiency. However, it has certain shortcomings and requires a change of approach both on the part of the state and on the part of employers, which determines the prospects for further research.

New Technology Communication in American State Governments

2012 ◽  
pp. 1806-1823
Author(s):  
Hyun Jung Yun ◽  
Cynthia Opheim
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
State Level ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Combined Data

This study examines the effects of states’ e-government efforts, more specifically the progress of e-service and e-democracy, on citizens’ general political engagement and electoral participation. Utilizing the combined data with the state level of West’s e-Government measures (2008) and the individual level of the 2008 American Election Study, this study finds a strong link between state sponsored efforts at e-Government and traditional forms of the public’s political participation. State sponsored digital services and outreach increase general political participation more than campaign activities, and the implementation of e-democracy has a greater effect on mobilization than e-service. The results imply that e-government has potential to ameliorate political exclusion by letting the politically disadvantaged access a higher quality of information with an equalized accessibility through state governments’ electronic systems.

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