Beyond people group thinking: A critical reevaluation of unreached people groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Lee ◽  
James Sung-Hwan Park
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Global Mission ◽  
The People ◽  
Group Thinking ◽  
People Group

Since its inception at the 1974 Lausanne Congress, the concept of “unreached people groups” (UPG) has revolutionized global mission. Today, “people group thinking” represents perhaps the predominant paradigm in global mission. Yet for all its influence, few have carefully examined UPG’s questionable underlying assumptions. This article critically reevaluates two central tenets of UPG. First, using biblical and sociocultural analysis, we assess the conceptual foundation of UPG—the idea of the people group. Second, we engage theologically with mission strategies that arise from UPG. We conclude that UPG relies upon flawed biblical, theological, and sociocultural assumptions, and propose that missiology move beyond UPG in theory and practice.

The universal particularism of panta ta ethne: A biblical case for the continued viability of the people group concept in mission

2021 ◽  
pp. 009182962110021
Author(s):  
David Earl Datema
Keyword(s):  
Partial Response ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
The People ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Group Concept ◽  
Group Thinking ◽  
People Group ◽  
The Way

This article is a partial response to Lee and Park’s 2018 contribution to Missiology, “Beyond people group thinking: A critical reevaluation of unreached people groups,” and focuses on the meaning of panta ta ethne in Matthew 28:19. The author does not agree that Matthew had in mind primarily “Gentiles in distinction from Jews,” although that is indeed a common meaning of the phrase in the New Testament. Interpreting ethne as “Gentiles” obscures the dimension of particularism inherent in the way humanity is described in Scripture (as parts not just a whole). By contrast, the author submits that ethne as “nations” or “people groups” better displays this particularism of all people as they exist in diverse human groupings. The author takes a step back from Matthew 28 and first gives an overview of the way human grouping (particularism) is understood in the Old and New Testaments. He then highlights the way New Testament authors appropriated Old Testament promises related to the “nations,” showing their comprehension and continuation of that Old Testament understanding. The article then deals with the exegetical issues related to Matthew 28:19 and concludes by urging refinement of the people group concept, rather than replacement.

Aristocracy about 1760: Theory and Practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
The People ◽  
Important Sense

This chapter considers the prevailing notion in the eighteenth century that nobility was a necessary bulwark of political freedom. Whether in the interest of a more open nobility or of a more closed and impenetrable nobility, the view was the same. Nobility as such, nobility as an institution, was necessary to the maintenance of a free constitution. There was also a general consensus that parliaments or ruling councils were autonomous, self-empowered, or empowered by history, heredity, social utility, or God; that they were in an important sense irresponsible, free to oppose the King (where there was one), and certainly owing no accounting to the “people.” The remainder of the chapter deals with the uses and abuses of social rank and the problems of administration, recruitment, taxation, and class consciousness.

SOME BASIC AND BEGINNING ISSUES FOR KHMER ETHNIC COMMUNITY, NOW

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Thanh Minh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
The Ideal

With the majority of the population working in agriculture, the economy of Khmer people is mainly agricultural. At present, the Khmer ethnic group has a workingstructure in the ideal age, but the number of young and healthy workers who have not been trained is still high and laborers lack knowledge and skills to do business. Labor productivity is still very low ... Problems in education quality, human resources; the transformation of traditional religion; effects of climate change; Cross-border relations of the people have always been and are of great interest and challenges to the development of the Khmer ethnic community. Identifying fundamental and urgent issues, forecasting the socio-economic trends in areas with large numbers of Khmer people living in the future will be the basis for the theory and practice for us to have. Solutions in the development and implementation of policies for Khmer compatriots suitable and effective.

Hubungan Dinamika Kelompok dan Keberdayaan Peternak dengan Keberhasilan Program Kelompok Peternak Sapi Potong

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Muhammad Romadhon ◽  
Amiruddin Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Statistic Analysis ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
People Group ◽  
Cattle Farmer

A group approach having an excess because its scope broader, and in accordance with communal culture of the people. Group dynamics and independency farmers become a yardstick to judge whether the programs the government (the course of development) involving group cattle farmers cut is sustainable or not, so that it can be evaluated for sustainability the next. The purpose of research are (1) analyze group dynamics formed in the group spr mega jaya, (2) analyzed levels of independency of farmers in the farmers spr mega jaya, (3) analyze relations group dynamics and independency of farmers with the success kejar farmers spr mega jaya. Data analysis of analysis descriptive statistics (a frequency, the percentage, on the average), and statistic analysis inferential by test a correlation coefficient rank the spearman. The research results show that group dynamics spr mega jaya tends in category high, and independency of farmers spr mega jaya tends in category enough, while test relations shows that there is a positive connection welfare between group dynamics the cattle farmer and independency of farmers with the success kejar cattle farmers cut. This means that the more dynamic group spr mega jaya and independency of felt farmers high, so the success of the program group farmers who reached the higher.Keywords: group dynamics, independency of groups, sekolah peternakan rakyatABSTRAKPendekatan kelompok memiliki kelebihan karena cakupannya yang lebih luas, dan sesuai dengan budaya masyarakat komunal. Dinamika kelompok dan keberdayaan peternak menjadi tolok ukur untuk menilai apakah program pemerintah (program pembangunan) yang melibatkan kelompok peternak sapi potong bersifat sustainable atau tidak, sehingga dapat dievaluasi untuk keberlanjutan program selanjutnya. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah (1) menganalisis dinamika kelompok yang terbentuk dalam kelompok SPR Mega Jaya, (2) menganalisis tingkat keberdayaan peternak pada kelompok peternak SPR Mega Jaya, (3) menganalisis hubungan dinamika kelompok dan keberdayaan peternak dengan keberhasilan program kelompok peternak SPR Mega Jaya. Analisis data berupa analisis statistik deskriptif (frekuensi, persentase, rata-rata), dan analisis statistik inferensial dengan uji koefisien korelasi rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinamika kelompok SPR Mega Jaya cenderung pada kategori tinggi, dan keberdayaan peternak SPR Mega Jaya cenderung pada kategori cukup, sedangkan uji hubungan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara dinamika kelompok peternak dan keberdayaan peternak dengan keberhasilan program kelompok peternak sapi potong. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin dinamis kelompok SPR Mega Jaya dan keberdayaan yang dirasakan peternak tinggi, maka keberhasilan program kelompok peternak yang tercapai semakin tinggi.Kata kunci: dinamika kelompok, keberdayaan kelompok, sekolah peternakan rakyat

The Case for Repealing the Second Amendment? The Historical Barriers to Constitutional Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-607
Author(s):  
David T. Konig
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Right ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Popular Constitutionalism

The controversy surrounding the Second Amendment—“the right of the people to keep and bear arms”—is, to a large extent, historical in nature, redolent of other matters in this country’s legal and constitutional past. But the historical analogies that might support the Amendment’s repeal do not permit easy conclusions. The issue demands that legal historians venture beyond familiar territory to confront unavoidable problems at the intersection of theory and practice and of constitutional law and popular constitutionalism. An interdisciplinary analysis of Lichtman’s Repeal the Second Amendment illuminates the political, legal, and constitutional dimensions—as well as the perils—of undertaking the arduous amending process permitted by Article V of the U.S. Constitution.

scholarly journals La escuela como escenario para la resolución de conflictos y el fortalecimiento de una cultura de paz desde el desarrollo de las inteligencias múltiples cinestésica, intrapersonal, interpersonal y musical

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Gladys Cecilia Coronel García ◽  
Evelyn Julio De Avila ◽  
Mayra Marimón Flórez ◽  
Angélica Bellido Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Musical Intelligence ◽  
School Work ◽  
The People ◽  
Culture Of Peace ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
The City ◽  
Implementing Strategies

El hombre como ser social, está inmerso en muchos contextos como es el familiar, escolar,laboral, deportivo entre otros, por tanto puede estar expuesto a tener conflictos con las personas que lo rodean. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general Fomentar la resolución de conflictos y el fortalecimiento de una cultura de paz en los niños y las niñas del Colegio Mixto Nuevo Porvenir del barrio El Pozón de la ciudad de Cartagena mediante la implementación de estrategias desde las inteligencias múltiples (inteligencia musical, cinestésica, interpersonal e intrapersonal). Las distintas estrategias utilizadas permitieron unir más a los educandos y conocer otras formas de resolver sus diferencias ,además, ser agentes activos en este proceso implica una mayor comprensión de la situación, no juzgar y diseñar actividades que les permitieran internalizar la teoría y la práctica y por lo tanto la transferencia a su propio contexto familiar y social.ABSTRACT:Man as a social being, is immersed in many contexts such as family, school, work, sports among others, and may therefore be exposed to conflict with the people around him. This research aimed to promote general conflict resolution and strengthening a culture of peace in the children of the College Board's New Future of the neighborhood pools of the city of Cartagena by implementing strategies from multiple intelligences (musical intelligence, kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal). The different strategies used led to further unite the students and other ways to resolve their differences, also be active in this process involves a greater understanding of the situation, not try and design activities that allow them to internalize the theory and practice and therefore the transfer to your own family and social context.  

scholarly journals Cross-cultural Communication as the Way to Improve the Efficiency of Learning a Foreign Language

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Suleimanova ◽  
Aiman Kamzina ◽  
Tolkyn Seidimkhanova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
World Community ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Radical Revision ◽  
Day By Day

The article considers the new time; new conditions demanded the immediate and radical revision, both the general methodology and specific methods and techniques of teaching of foreign languages. These new conditions and its prompt entry into the world community, reckless gallops of politics, economy, culture, ideology, mixture and movement of the people and languages, change of the relations between Kazakhstan citizens and foreigners, absolutely new purposes of communication—all these set the new tasks in the theory and practice of teaching of foreign language. The sudden and radical change of social life of our country, its "opening" and entry into the world community returned languages to life, making them a real means of different kinds of communication - the number of which is increasing day by day along with the growth of scientific and technical facilities of communication.     Keywords: Crossroads of cultures; Lifestyle; Socio-cultural competence; Tolerance

VLADAVINA PRAVA NA „USLUZI“ NARODU, KROZ TEORIJU I PRAKSU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Opačić ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Vrhovšek ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Legal Norm ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Know How ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
Legal Security

We, as the authors of this text, have found it important to point out the close connection between law and justice, theory and practice, because citizens go to court for justice. The judge says what justice is. However, when the legal norm is available and well known to the persons, to whom it refers, and when it is predictable and the case law is uniform, the persons to whom the legal norm refers, can know their rights and obligations concretely, and thus know how to treat them. In order to that they must behave and anticipate the consequences of their behavior. When all the above has been fulfilled, it can be said that the requirements of the rule of law and legal security have been met, so it can be freely said that law and justice are at the "service of the people", through theory and practice. It should be reminded that the precision of the legal norm is one of the basic elements of the rule of law and is a key factor for the emergence and maintenance of the legitimacy of the legal order, which applies to all branches of law, and that court decisions are binding on all.

Society and Justice in Colonial Brazil in the 17th and 18th Centuries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabele de Matos Pereira de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
Application Of Law ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Universe

In early modern societies, the duty of enforcing justice was one of the principal tasks of the monarch. Judicial power could be exercised both directly by the monarch—the supreme magistrate—or by those he delegated it to—judges or his courts. In the vast territory of Portuguese America, different institutions were created to ensure access to justice, to help govern the people, to assist in long-distance administration, and to maintain control over the crown’s dominions. Ouvidorias-gerais, judges, and courts were established with their own institutional officials, intermixing lower- and higher-level jurisdictions and exercising justice over distinct territorial spaces. To understand the functioning of judicial institutions in colonial society, it is important to analyze the universe of magistrates, their careers, judicial practices, and complex relations in the social environment. Magistrates, as an important professional group recruited by the Portuguese monarchy, had multiple overseas possibilities. They could serve at the same time as representatives of royal power and allies of local groups. These men faced a colonial reality that allowed them a wide sphere of action, the exercise of a differentiated authority, and a privileged position as intermediaries between local elites and the king. Even though all magistrates were subject to the same rules of selection, recruitment, appointment, and promotion, the exercise of justice in the slaveholding society of Portuguese America demanded a great capacity for adaptation and negotiation, for the application of law in the mosaic of local judicial situations. Magistrates circulated in different spaces, creating and working in different judicial institutions in the difficult balance between theory and practice, between written law and customary law.

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