scholarly journals Pore characterization of marine-continental transitional shale in Permian Shanxi Formation of The Southern North China Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 2199-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Yang ◽  
Shaobin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
North China ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mesopore Volume ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pore Types ◽  
North China Basin ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Organic-rich marine-continental transitional shale is widely developed in the Permian Shanxi Formation in the Southern North China Basin. In this study, shale samples from the southern and northern wells of the basin were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry, low-pressure gas adsorption (N2 and CO2) and argon ion polishing-field emissions scanning electron microscopy. The pore types and structures of shale micropores, mesopores and macropores are qualitatively described; their pore size distribution and volume are quantitatively characterized; and the influencing factors of the pore volume are analyzed. The results show that the marine-continental transitional shale pores exhibit an unbalanced multimodal distribution with four peaks at 0.4–0.8 nm, 2–4 nm, 10–50 nm, and >10 µm. The mesopore volume is dominant, accounting for 40–70% of pores. The mesopores of the samples are slit-shaped pores and ink bottle-shaped pores. Since there is a desorption hysteresis loop on the N2 adsorption-desorption curve, most of them belong to the H4 type, and ye23-8 belongs to the mixed H2 and H4 type according to the IUPAC classification scheme. The slit-shaped pores are mainly interlayer pores and interparticle pores in clays, and the ink bottle-shaped pores are tiny dissolved pores and organic matter pores. Ro has negative correlation with the volumes of the mesopores and macropores, but it does not affect the volume of micropores. TOC has a positive correlation with the macropore and micropore volumes, and it has a negative correlation with mesopore volume. The relative contents of kaolinite and I/S have a positive correlation with the mesopore and macropore volumes. The relative content of illite has a negative correlation with the mesopore and macropore volumes. The relative content of chlorite has a negative correlation with the mesopore volume.

scholarly journals Formation environments and mechanisms of multistage paleokarst of Ordovician carbonates in Southern North China Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Zhang ◽  
Guangquan Xu ◽  
Mancai Liu ◽  
Minhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
North China ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Pore Types ◽  
North China Basin

AbstractWith the reduction of oil and gas reserves and the increase of mining difficulty in Northern China, the carbonate rocks in Southern North China Basin are becoming a significant exploration target for carbonate reservoirs. However, the development characteristics, formation stages, formation environments and mechanisms of the carbonate reservoirs in Southern North China Basin are still unclear, which caused the failures of many oil and gas exploration wells. This study focused on addressing this unsolved issue from the Ordovician carbonate paleokarst in the Huai-Fu Basin, which is located in the southeast of Southern North China Basin and one of the key areas for oil and gas exploration. Based on petrology, mineralogy and geochemical data, pore types, distribution characteristics, and formation stages of the Ordovician paleokarst were analyzed. Then, in attempt to define the origins of porosity development, the formation environments and mechanisms were illustrated. The results of this study showed that pore types of the Ordovician carbonates in the Huai-Fu Basin are mainly composed of intragranular pores, intercrystalline (intergranular) pores, dissolution pores (vugs), fractures, channels, and caves, which are usually in fault and fold zones and paleoweathering crust. Furthermore, five stages and five formation environments of the Ordovician paleokarst were identified. Syngenetic karst, eogenetic karst, and paleoweathering crust karst were all developed in a relatively open near-surface environment, and their formations are mainly related to meteoric water dissolution. Mesogenetic karst was developed in a closed buried environment, and its formation is mainly related to the diagenesis of organic matters and thermochemical sulfate reduction in the Permian-Carboniferous strata. Hydrothermal (water) karst was developed in a deep-buried and high-temperature environment, where hydrothermal fluids (waters) migrated upward through structures such as faults and fractures to dissolve carbonate rocks and simultaneously deposited hydrothermal minerals and calcites. Lastly, a paleokarst evolution model, combined with the related porosity evolution processes, nicely revealed the Ordovician carbonate reservoir development. This study provides insights and guidance for further oil and gas exploration in the Southern North China Basin, and also advances our understanding of the genesis of carbonate paleokarst around the world.

An Effect of pH on Radiation Assisted Modification of Oxygen-Rich Activated Carbon by Urea

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Threeraphat Chutimasakul ◽  
Tinutda Phonlam ◽  
Varistha Chobpattana ◽  
Pattra Lertsarawut ◽  
Wilasinee Kingkam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Green Technique ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Activated carbons (ACs) are a versatile group of adsorbents for water pollution control, especially organic dyes. Harsh chemicals and high temperatures are required for the activation process of ACs, which becomes a significant concern due to their toxicity and harmful effects on human health and the environment. Gamma irradiation, an alternative green technique, is a promising strategy for pretreatment and escalates the nitrogen or oxygen functional group of ACs. The current study provides the modification of ACs by the gamma irradiation in the various pH (5-11) of urea solution. The modified ACs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption analysts (BET), temperature program desorption (TPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The point of zero charges and dye adsorption capacities were determined. This finding demonstrates that the ACs can be modified by gamma irradiation at 25 kGy in the urea solution media. The degree of graphitization enhanced significantly at pH 11(AC-pH11). The oxygen-rich functional groups created by radiation assists could enhance the electrostatic attraction between acid gases or cationic dyes. AC-pH11 also was able to adsorb methylene blue (160.73 ± 1.70 mg/g) greater than methyl orange (127.57 ± 2.22 mg/g).

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanostructured Particles in Na–Y Zeolite Matrix

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Yee ◽  
Iskandar I. Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxide Systems ◽  
Nanostructured Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Formation of iron oxide nanoparticles within the internal cages of Na–Y zeolites was investigated. Sodium ions within the zeolites were replaced with iron(II) ions. Elemental composition studies showed a significant amount of iron in the exchanged sample. NaOH and dropwise additions of H2O2 at 60 °C triggered formation of zeolite–iron oxide systems. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed diminishing zeolite peaks along with evolution of peaks corresponding to γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3 with increasing NaOH concentration. Morphological changes from hexagonal-shaped zeolite to clusters of fine particles were observed under scanning electron microscope. Particles with about 15-nm diameter were detected by transmission electron microscopy. γ-Fe2O3 crystallites of 13.4 nm were determined from the broadening of XRD peaks. The magnetization curves of samples (precipitated using NaOH with concentrations of 2.0 M and above) showed absence of hysteresis and passed through the origin, indicating the particles are superparamagnetic. Gas adsorption–desorption measurement of the system precipitated with 2.0 M NaOH revealed a 26% increase in its specific surface area, indicating the presence of nanometer-sized particles within the zeolites.

scholarly journals Efficiency of TiO2 catalyst supported by modified waste fly ash during photodegradation of RR45 dye

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Gilja ◽  
Zvonimir Katančić ◽  
Ljerka Kratofil Krehula ◽  
Vilko Mandić ◽  
Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe waste fly ash (FA) material was subjected to chemical treatment with HCl at elevated temperature for a different time to modify its porosity. Modified FA particles with highest surface area and pore volume were further used as a support for TiO2 catalyst during FA/TiO2 nanocomposite preparation. The nanocomposite photocatalysts were obtained by in situ sol–gel synthesis of titanium dioxide in the presence of FA particles. To perform accurate characterization of modified FA and FA/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts, gas adsorption-desorption analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV/Vis and Infrared spectroscopy were used. Efficiency evaluation of the synthesized FA/TiO2 nanocomposites was performed by following the removal of Reactive Red 45 (RR45) azo dye during photocatalytic treatment under the UV-A irradiation. Photocatalysis has been carried out up to five cycles with the same catalysts to investigate their stability and the possible reuse. The FA/TiO2 photocatalyst showed very good photocatalytic activity and stability even after the fifth cycles. The obtained results show that successfully modified waste fly ash can be used as very good TiO2 support.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline CeO2

2006 ◽  
Vol 306-308 ◽  
pp. 1103-1108
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi ◽  
Iskandar Idris Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Nanocrystalline CeO2 has been synthesized at room temperature using water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion technique. The structure and properties of the nanocrystalline CeO2 were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and gas adsorption desorption measurement. XRD results showed the synthesized CeO2 has a face centered cubic structure with crystallite size of about 5.2 nm. TEM observation also indicated the presence of nanometer sized particles of CeO2. Coarser particles were also observed due to agglomeration. Gas adsorption desorption isotherms showed the behavior of fine particles with mesoporous structure.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanocrystalline CeO2: The Effect of Annealing Temperatures on the Particle Size

2006 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi ◽  
Iskandar Idris Yaacob ◽  
Lee Seok Ling
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by a novel mechanochemical process. The precursors of Ce2(CO3)3.xH2O and NaOH were mixed at a weight ratio of 4 to 1. The mixtures were milled using a planetary ball mill with ball to powder ratio of 10:1. The products were then characterized using a battery of characterization methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gas adsorption-desorption measurement. The as-prepared particles were largely amorphous with an average specific surface area of about 119.94 m2/g. Nanocrystalline CeO2 with crystallite size of 4.5 nm was obtained when the sample was annealed in air at 350 oC. The heat treatment results showed that the crystallinity of nanocrystalline CeO2 increased with increasing annealing temperature.

scholarly journals The Effect of Caramelization and Carbonization Temperatures toward Structural Properties of Mesoporous Carbon from Fructose with Zinc Borosilicate Activator

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
Tutik Setianingsih ◽  
Indriana Kartini ◽  
Yateman Arryanto
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ftir Spectrophotometry ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Degree Of Graphitization ◽  
Zinc Borosilicate

Mesoporous carbon was prepared from fructose using zinc borosilicate (ZBS) activator. The synthesis involves caramelization and carbonization processes. The effect of both process temperature toward porosity and functional group of carbon surface are investigated in this research. The caramelization was conducted hydrothermally at 85 and 100 °C, followed by thermally 130 °C. The carbonization was conducted at various temperatures (450–750 °C). The carbon-ZBS composite were washed by using HF 48% solution, 1M HCl solution, and aquadest respectively to remove ZBS from the carbon. The carbon products were characterized with nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption method, FTIR spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The highest mesopore characteristics is achieved at 100 °C (caramelization) and 450 °C (carbonization), including Vmeso about 2.21 cm3/g (pore cage) and 2.32 cm3/g (pore window) with pore uniformity centered at 300 Å (pore cage) and 200 Å (pore window), containing the surface functional groups of C=O and OH, degree of graphitization about 57% and aromaticity fraction about 0.68.

scholarly journals An Ecofriendly Synthesis of 2-oxazolidinone From 2-aminoethanol and Urea Under Solvent-free Condition Using CeO2 Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI NEMATI KHARAT ◽  
Mehrnaz Aliahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solvent Free Condition ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Desorption Method

Abstract Cerium dioxide nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method using cellulose as a template and used in the synthesis of 2-oxazolidinone from urea and 2-aminoethanol under solvent-free conditions. All the reaction parameters were optimized to obtain the best selectivity and conversion. The selectivity of 100 % to 2-oxazolidinone with a pretty complete conversion of about 98.4 % was achieved. The prepared catalyst was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and volumetric isothermal nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption method (BET).

Hierarchical SAPO-11 Synthesis by Carbon Nanoparticles Templating Method and its Application on n-Dodecane Hydroisomerization

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Zhi Peng Ma ◽  
Zi Feng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mesopore Volume ◽  
Templating Method ◽  
Carbon Template ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mesopore Structure ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Hierarchical SAPO-11 moelecular sieves were hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of carbon nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis were conducted, which showed that samples prepared with carbon nanoparticles exhibited AEL structure with mesopores centering at 30nm. The product was also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed that the crystal surface became rough and left the mesopore structure with mesopore volume of 0.339 cm3/g after carbon template being burned off. For the hydroisomerization reaction of n-dodecane, the hierarchical SAPO-11 catalyst showed higher isomer and monobranched product selectivity than the traditional SAPO-11, which would be beneficial for n-paraffin upgrading.

Thermal and Hydrothermal Stability of Al-Pillared Rectorites

2010 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yan Xu ◽  
Xing Tong Chen ◽  
Ai Hong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Pillared Clay ◽  
Hydrothermal Stability ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mesopore Volume ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Al-pillared rectorites (Al-REC) were synthesized from naturally occurring rectorite through exchange of interlamellar ions with hydroxyalumina polycations. Furthermore, Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and Transmitting electronic microscopy (TEM) were applied in order to study the themal stability and hydrothermal stability of pillared materials. The Al-REC are thermally stable up to 800 °C. X-ray diffractograms of Al-REC calcined at 800 °C show a sharp and intense d001 peak, corresponding to a basal spacing of 2.75nm. In a 100% steam flow under atmospheric pressure at 800 °C for 20h, the characteristic d001 spacing of Al-REC decreases from 2.74 to 2.52nm, the sharp and intense d001 peak is still observed. And micropore area, mesopore volume and micropore volume retain 62, 33 and 67%, respectively, which affirms that this pillared clay has exceptional hydrothermal stability.

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