scholarly journals Darling, Get Closer to Me: Spatial Proximity Amplifies Interpersonal Liking

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-eun Shin ◽  
Eunkook M. Suh ◽  
Norman P. Li ◽  
Kangyong Eo ◽  
Sang Chul Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Inner Experience ◽  
Social Object ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
Close Distance ◽  
Interpersonal Liking

Does close distance increase liking for a social object? In a preliminary sociogram task, an association between proximity and intimacy was found in drawings of self and others. In three experimental studies, male participants consistently preferred female targets who were (actually or appeared to be) close than far from them. Distance was manipulated through various means—sitting distance (Study 2), presenting two facial images separately to each eye by a stereoscopic device (Study 3), or a video clip (Study 4). This effect was stronger among those with deprived social needs and occurred in part because close (vs. far) targets seemed psychologically more accessible to the perceiver. Our findings offer rare experimental evidence for the empirically challenged propinquity effect and provide new insights on how distance shapes inner experience.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles and Thrombosis: Update on the Clinical and Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9317
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Zifkos ◽  
Christophe Dubois ◽  
Katrin Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Heterogenous Group ◽  
Clearance Mechanism ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) compose a heterogenous group of membrane-derived particles, including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, which are released into the extracellular environment in response to proinflammatory or proapoptotic stimuli. From earlier studies suggesting that EV shedding constitutes a cellular clearance mechanism, it has become evident that EV formation, secretion and uptake represent important mechanisms of intercellular communication and exchange of a wide variety of molecules, with relevance in both physiological and pathological situations. The putative role of EVs in hemostasis and thrombosis is supported by clinical and experimental studies unraveling how these cell-derived structures affect clot formation (and resolution). From those studies, it has become clear that the prothrombotic effects of EVs are not restricted to the exposure of tissue factor (TF) and phosphatidylserines (PS), but also involve multiplication of procoagulant surfaces, cross-linking of different cellular players at the site of injury and transfer of activation signals to other cell types. Here, we summarize the existing and novel clinical and experimental evidence on the role and function of EVs during arterial and venous thrombus formation and how they may be used as biomarkers as well as therapeutic vectors.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence of the rear capture of aerosol particles by raindrops

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 4159-4176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Lemaitre ◽  
Arnaud Querel ◽  
Marie Monier ◽  
Thibault Menard ◽  
Emmanuel Porcheron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Capture Mechanism ◽  
Mode Size

Abstract. This article presents new measurements of the efficiency with which aerosol particles of accumulation mode size are collected by a 1.25 mm sized raindrop. These laboratory measurements provide the link to reconcile the scavenging coefficients obtained from theoretical approaches with those from experimental studies. We provide here experimental proof of the rear capture mechanism in the flow around drops, which has a fundamental effect on submicroscopic particles. These experiments thus confirm the efficiencies theoretically simulated by Beard (1974). Finally, we propose a semi-analytical expression to take into account this essential mechanism to calculate the collection efficiency for drops within the rain size range.

Experimental Viral Infections of the Inner Ear

1982 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hematogenous Spread ◽  
Reovirus Type ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

Rubella, cytomegalovirus, mumps, and rubeola viruses cause deafness in man and are believed to reach the inner ear through viremic spread. Although several experimental studies of viral infection of the inner ear have been described, all require the virus inoculum to reach the labyrinth directly rather than through hematogenous spread. In this model, reovirus, type 3, infected the cell bodies of cochlear and vestibular ganglia of infant hamsters following a viremia induced by intraperitoneal inoculation. This model provides the first experimental evidence for viremic spread to the inner ear.

scholarly journals Improving the Neural Network Algorithm for Assessing the Quality of Facial Images

2020 ◽  
pp. paper28-1-paper28-12
Author(s):  
Nikita Lisin ◽  
Alexander Gromov ◽  
Vadim Konushin ◽  
Anton Konushin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm ◽  
Baseline Algorithm ◽  
Facial Images

The paper considers the task of obtaining a quality assessment of facial images for usage in various video surveillance systems, video analytics, and biometric identification. The accuracy of person recognition and classification depends on the quality of the input images. We consider an approach to obtaining single face image quality assessment using a neural network model, which is trained on pairs of images that are split into two possible classes: the quality of the first image is better or worse than the quality of the second one. Two modifications of the selected baseline algorithm are proposed. A face recognition system is applied to change the loss function and image and face quality attributes are used when training the model. Experimental studies of the proposed modifications show their effectiveness. The accuracy of selecting the best and worst frame is increased by 1.3% and 1.9%, respectively.

scholarly journals Th17/Treg Imbalance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical and Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Dias Lourenço ◽  
Juliana Tiyaki Ito ◽  
Milton de Arruda Martins ◽  
Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério ◽  
Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses mediated by Th17 and Treg cells is deeply involved in the development and progression of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several clinical and experimental studies have described the Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD progression. Due to its importance, many studies have also evaluated the effect of different treatments targeting Th17/Treg cells. However, discrepant results have been observed among different lung compartments, different COPD stages or local and systemic markers. Thus, the data must be carefully examined. In this context, this review explores and summarizes the recent outcomes of Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD development and progression in clinical, experimental and in vitro studies.

EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE MOST EFFECTIVE MODE OF AEROSOL LAPAROSCOPIC INTRAPERITONEAL CHEMOTHERAPY (PIPAC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-496
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Zakharenko ◽  
Sergey Bagnenko ◽  
Mariya Yakovleva ◽  
Natalya Blyum ◽  
Oleg Ten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis ◽  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Selection Of

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is one of metastatic spread variant of malignant tumors, which shows significantly poor prognosis in patients. Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) - is a modern regional therapy method for implantation metastases. Currently there are still unresolved issues in native equipment, optimal chemotherapy drugs doses for PIPAC, ability in adjuvant and neoadjuvant application of method and a combination with surgical treatment. Concerning this we carried out series of experimental studies on animal model (rabbits, n=71), which resulted in development of the device for laparoscopy aerosol chemotherapy also with selection of effective and safe PIPAC mode.

Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease: Experimental Evidence and Clinical Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarama Saha ◽  
Sukhpal Singh ◽  
Suvarna Prasad ◽  
Amit Mittal ◽  
Anil Kumar Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive death of neuronal cells in the regions of the brain concerned with memory and cognition, and is the major cause of dementia in the elderly population. Various molecular mechanisms, metabolic risk factors and environmental triggers contributing to the genesis and progression of AD are under intense investigations. The present review has dealt with the impact of a highly discussed topic of gut microbiota affecting the neurodegeneration in the AD brain. A detailed description of the composition of gut bacterial flora and its interaction with the host has been presented, followed by an analysis of key concepts of bi- directional communication between gut microbiota and the brain. The substantial experimental evidence of gut microbiota affecting the neurodegenerative process in experimental AD models has been described next in this review, and finally, the limitations of such experimental studies vis-a- vis the actual disease and the paucity of clinical data on this topic have also been mentioned.

scholarly journals Rapid Access to Scalar Implicatures in Adjacency Pair Contexts: Experimental Evidence in Spanish

Languages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Loredo ◽  
Juan E. Kamienkowski ◽  
Virginia Jaichenco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Scalar Implicatures ◽  
Reading Task ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Rapid Access ◽  
Acceptability Judgment

A conversational implicature arises when there is a gap between the syntactically and semantically encoded meaning of a sentence and the pragmatic meaning that is inferred in an actual communicative situation. Several experimental studies have approached the processing of implicatures and examined the extent to which the derivation of the pragmatic meaning is effortful, especially in the case of generalized implicatures, where the inferred meaning seems to be the most frequent one. In this study, we present two experiments that explore the processing of scalar implicatures with algunos ‘some’ in adjacency pair contexts through an acceptability judgment task and a self-paced reading task. Our results support the claim that the access to the meaning of some as only some is context sensitive. Moreover, they also indicate that adjacency pair structure contributes to making that meaning rapidly available.

scholarly journals Experimental studies in insect parasitism. I.—Introduction and technique

1934 ◽  
Vol 114 (790) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
Parasitic Species ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Successive Generations

It is a matter of common knowledge that the numbers of most animals are partially regulated by carnivorous and parasitic species that prey upon them. But, although the simple fact is well known, and although the amount of regulation exercised by the parasitic animals has in some oases been measured, the precise nature of that regulation—the numerical interaction that goes on generation after generation between the parasite and its host—is still very imperfectly understood. The reason is not hard to find. Experimental data that might serve as a basis for that understanding are almost entirely lacking. In their absence, mathematical consideration of the subject by Volterra, Thompson, Bailey, and others, has necessarily been based upon field observation. But such information is not amenable to the strict analysis that the problem requires: it is the result of unknown environmental conditions; its quantities are samples; it deals with only one or two successive generations. Consideration, no matter how inspired, of such data can result only in conjecture. The solution of a problem so essentially dynamic must be supported by experimental evidence.

Grice on Irony and Metaphor: Discredited by the Experimental Evidence?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marga Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Recent experimental studies appear to discredit Gricean accounts of irony and metaphor. I argue that appearances are decidedly misleading here and that Gricean accounts of these figures of speech are actually confirmed by the studies in question. However, my primary aim is not so much to defend Gricean accounts of irony and metaphor as it is to motivate two related points: one substantive and one methodological. The substantive point concerns something Grice suggests in his brief remarks on irony: that the interpretation of an ironical (vs. metaphorical) utterance requires two distinct applications of second-order theory of mind (ToM). I argue that such a view has considerable explanatory power. It can explain an intuitive contrast between irony and metaphor, some interesting data on the ToM abilities of patients with schizophrenia, and some intuitive similarities between irony on the one hand and hyperbole and meiosis on the other. The methodological point concerns the relationship between the empirical psychologist’s (or experimental philosopher’s) experimental studies and the armchair philosopher’s thought-experiments. I suggest that the credibility of an experimentally supported claim is enhanced when it captures the reflective judgments captured in the armchair philosopher’s thought-experiments.

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