Gratitude, Forgiveness, and Anger: Resources and Risk Factors for Italian Prison Inmates

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110491
Author(s):  
Francesca Danioni ◽  
Francesca Giorgia Paleari ◽  
Sara Pelucchi ◽  
Maria Rita Lombrano ◽  
Daniel Lumera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Interpersonal Forgiveness ◽  
Violent Behaviors

The adjustment of prison inmates is recently becoming a social concern. In the current study we focused on the role of gratitude, interpersonal forgiveness, and anger, which have been widely addressed as likely to influence people’s health and adaptive behaviors, in shaping prison inmates’ psychological wellbeing and criminal attitudes. Participants were 104 male prison inmates aged between 24 and 75 ( Mage = 46.63, SD = 11.38) imprisoned in Northern Italy who were asked to fill in an anonymous self-report questionnaire. Results highlighted that all dimensions considered play an important, albeit different and highly specific, role; Gratitude is a promotional factor that enhances psychological wellbeing, whereas interpersonal forgiveness appears to be a protective factor against the adoption of a criminal attitude as violence or antisocial intent. Finally, anger is a risk factor toward both psychological wellbeing and violent behaviors. Implications of these results and further developments of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Risk factors for bad obstetric history in Kirkuk women, Iraq

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZKM Aljumaily ◽  
AM Alsamarai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Obstetric History ◽  
Iraqi Women ◽  
Mother Education ◽  
Animal Exposure ◽  
Microbial Agents

INTRODUCTION: Microbial agents such as Toxoplasma, rubella, CMV and HSV are important cause of infections during pregnancy, which mainly are asymptomatic. However, the infection during pregnancy may result in serious foetal side effects. Objective was to determine the risk factors that enhance the development of bad obstetric history (BOH) due to TORCH infections in Iraqi women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 538 women were included in the study, of them 293 (54.5%) were with BOH, and 245 (45.5%) were with normal pregnancy history. In the BOH group, 144 (49.1%) women were pregnant, while in the normal pregnancy group, 117 (47.7%) were pregnant. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors that may play a role in development of BOH. RESULTS: Multifactorial analysis indicated that Toxoplasma gondi IgM, rubella IgM, rubella IgG, CMV IgM, HSV -2 IgG and animal exposure were risk factors that lead to BOH development. However, Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity had inverse correlation to BOH development. Mother education was a significant protective (OR=0.614, P=0.000) factor that reduce development of BOH. Residence, education, occupation and family size influenced the role of TORCH in induction of BOH. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that Toxoplasma gondi IgM, rubella IgM, rubella IgG, CMV IgM, HSV-2 IgG and animal exposure were risk factors that lead to BOH development. Mother education was a significant protective factor that reduce development of BOH. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8121   Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):70-77

scholarly journals Covid-19 and ex-smokers: an underestimated prognostic factor?

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Carratù ◽  
Roberto Boffi ◽  
Silvano Dragonieri ◽  
Elena Munarini ◽  
Chiara Veronese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Protective Factor

Dear Editor, The recent and explosive worldwide outbreak of Covid-19 leads many scientists and clinicians to identify the most responsible triggering risk factors in individuals without comorbidities, as well as potential prognostic factors. A notable field of research has been conducted on the role of smoking, which has been initially hypothesized as being a protective factor for Covid-19....

scholarly journals Life-style and occupational risk factors for early onset dementia in an Italian community

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Adani ◽  
T Filippini ◽  
C Garuti ◽  
M Malavolti ◽  
G Vinceti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Early Onset Dementia

Abstract Background Early onset dementia (EOD) is defined as dementia with symptoms onset before 65 years, deeply impacting on patients' employment and income, as well as on their families. Little is known about role of occupational and life-style risk factors, we aimed at assessing their role in disease etiology. Methods Using a case-control study design, we recruited all EOD cases resident in Modena province from October, 2016 to October, 2019, and a referent population drawn from patients' care-givers. We investigated residential, life-style history, and occupational and environmental exposures to toxics through a self-administered questionnaire. We used a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age, and education to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of EOD risk for exposed vs. non-exposed subjects. Results Overall, fifty-eight EOD cases and fifty-four controls agreed to participate. Possible life-style risk factors are to be widowed (10.3% of cases vs. 2% of controls), and to have a lower educational attainment. Also smoking (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.6-2.9), playing football (OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.5-9.3) or cycling (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.4-13.4) were associated with higher EOD risk, although overall sport practice appeared to be a powerful protective factor (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9), particularly swimming (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.0-0.8). Among occupational factors, disease risk was associated with exposure to aluminum (OR 2.6, 95% CI 0.4-15.7), pesticides (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.7-7.8), and dyes, paints or thinners (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.6-5.0). Finally, disease risk was not associate to overall history of any trauma, while head trauma and especially upper arm trauma showed positive association. Conclusions Despite the study limitations, our results appear to support a role of modifiable risk factors in EOD etiology, particularly of some chemical exposures and professional sports, while overall sports practice may have a beneficial effect. Key messages Some modifiable environmental, occupational and life-style risk factors seem associated with EOD onset. Awareness of EOD environmental and occupational risk factors, as well as life-style ones, is advisable on a public health perspective.

scholarly journals The role of Emotional Intelligence in health care professionals burnout

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Arnone ◽  
M I Cascio ◽  
I Parenti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and burnout in health care professionals. More specifically, this survey has the purpose of demonstrating the role of EI as a protective factor against the risk of burnout. Health professionals (doctors, nurses, and other caregivers) composed the sample. Health care professionals were invited to complete the following tests: Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (Schutte et al., 1998; it. ad. Craparo, et al.[35]); Link Burnout Questionnaire,LBQ; Other variables, such as gender, lenght of service (years of professional experience) and organizational department. Major results of this survey underline the relationship between EI and burnout. More specifically, there is a negative and significant correlation between burnout and Emotional Intelligence. Moreover, burnout varies depending on length of service: burnout increases between 5 and 10 years of experience and decreases over 10 years. Indeed, burnout is differently expressed amongst healthcare professionals: more specifically, Psycho-physical exhaustion, Detriment of the relationships and Burnout (total score) impact physician (doctors) more than other investigated health professionals. These findings seem to suggest the opportunity to improve Emotional Intelligence abilities through specific training programs, useful to promote the ability to cope with stress and to enrich the relationships in the workplace. Key messages Burnout is more diffuse among health professionals working in emergency departments. Emotional intelligence has the role to cope with burnout.

Is consumption of vegetables and fruit a protective factor against kidney cancer?

Open Medicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Kateřina Azeem ◽  
Hana Tomášková ◽  
Dagmar Horáková ◽  
Silvie Magnusková ◽  
Jarmila Ševčíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pickled Vegetables

AbstractThe role of vegetable and fruit consumption in the aetiology of kidney cancer was analyzed using data from a case-control study conducted in two centres in the Czech Republic between 1999 and 2003. The study comprised 300 patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed kidney cancer and 335 controls. Information on dietary habits was obtained using a standardized food frequency questionnaire including 23 food items. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression models. A strong protective effect of vegetables consumption on renal cell carcinoma risk was observed among people with high consumption of fresh vegetables (OR 0.42 95% CI (0.29–0.60)) and cooked vegetables (OR 0.71, 95% CI (0.51–1.00)). The protective role of fresh fruit was significant as crude OR 0.71, 95% CI (0.50–1.00), but after adjusting for the main risk factors no association was found (OR 1.08, 95% CI (0.71–1.64)). The protective role of pickled vegetables disappeared after adjustment for the main risk factors.

The Moderating Role of Social Support on the Relationship Between Impulsivity and Suicide Risk

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan M. Kleiman ◽  
John H. Riskind ◽  
Karen E. Schaefer ◽  
Hilary Weingarden
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among college students. There has been considerable research into risk factors for suicide, such as impulsivity, but considerably less research on protective factors. Aims: The present study examines the role that social support plays in the relationship between impulsivity and suicide risk. Methods: Participants were 169 undergraduates who completed self-report measures of impulsivity and social support. Suicide risk was assessed using an interview measure. Results: Social support moderates the relationship between impulsivity and suicide risk, such that those who are highly impulsive are less likely to be at risk for suicide if they also have high levels of social support. Conclusions: Social support can be a useful buffer to suicide risk for at-risk individuals who are highly impulsive.

The Construction of Risk and Protective Factor Indices for Adolescent Alcohol and other Drug Use

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. DeWit ◽  
Gloria Silverman ◽  
Michael Goodstadt ◽  
Gina Stoduto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Main Effects

This paper applies the risk factor approach to assess the influence of protection and risk on five measures of substance use: overall involvement in drugs, frequent alcohol use, frequent illegal drug use, frequent drug abuse, and quantity of daily cigarette consumption. For each measure, it was hypothesized that an index of risk factors would serve to increase the likelihood of the occurrence of problem behavior and that an index of protection would result in a reduction. It was also hypothesized that under conditions of high risk the effect of protection would moderate the influence of risk factors more forcefully than under conditions of low risk. Data were obtained from a self-report questionnaire containing over 60 risk and protective measures administered to nearly 400 grade 9 students in 7 high schools located in Toronto, Canada. Measures were tested in a series of regression equations to construct indices of risk and protective factors for each substance measure. Results supported the hypothesis of separate risk and protective factor main effects for all categories of substances. Evidence of moderate to strong interaction effects (i.e., a moderating influence of protection) were also noted. Implications are discussed for methods of identifying high risk youth as well as programs designed to prevent/reduce problem behaviors among this group.

Suicide, Satisfaction With Life, and Insight Capacity Among Adolescents With Mental Disorders

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Schapir ◽  
Gil Zalsman ◽  
Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon ◽  
Meyrav Gaziel ◽  
Mayad Morag-Yaffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of insight and satisfaction with life in adolescent suicidal behavior. Aims: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between suicide risk, insight, and satisfaction with life among adolescents with mental disorders. Method: A total of 30 adolescents were evaluated using self-report measures of insight, satisfaction with life, and suicide risk. Regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of each factor to suicide risk. Results: Positive correlations were found between suicide risk and insight dimensions. Satisfaction with life correlated negatively with suicide risk and insight dimensions. Insight explained 27.3% of suicide risk (p = .003). Both insight and satisfaction with life explained 39.0% of suicide risk (p = .031). Conclusion: Among adolescents with mental disorders, insight is a risk factor, whereas satisfaction with life is a protective factor for suicidality. Insight affects suicide risk of adolescents with mental disorders via reduction of satisfaction with life.

Why Do Ethnically Harassed Immigrant Adolescents Engage in Violent Behaviors? The Role of Affiliation With Violent Peers

2020 ◽  
pp. 027243162096145
Author(s):  
Liliia Korol ◽  
Håkan Stattin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Immigrant Adolescents ◽  
Violent Behaviors ◽  
Mainstream Culture ◽  
Ethnic Harassment ◽  
Over Time

This study aimed to analyze affiliations with violent peers as an underlying mechanism that associates ethnic harassment with violent behaviors among immigrant youth ( N = 365; Mage = 13.93, SD = 0.80), and also identify the risk factors in this relation. The results revealed that identification with an immigrant peer crowd at school made ethnically harassed immigrant adolescents more inclined to associate with violent peers and, in turn, engage in violent behaviors over time. Immigrant youth’s orientation toward the mainstream culture was not found to either elevate or buffer the effect of ethnic harassment on youth’s affiliation with violent peers. Yet, ethnically harassed immigrant adolescents were shown to be more prone to violent behaviors over time when they were less orientated toward Swedish culture. The findings suggest that preventing ethnicity-based harassment and diversifying adolescents’ peer groups at schools may be a way to prevent immigrant adolescents’ involvement in violent behaviors.

Predictors of dropout from inpatient treatment for eating disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 716-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Catellani ◽  
F. Arnone ◽  
E. De Bernardis ◽  
S. Ferrari ◽  
L. Pingani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychometric Tests ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Catholic Religion

IntroductionDrop-out from treatment for Eating Disorders is increasing (Campbell; 2007), and it is a risk factor for relapse and more chronic and severe course of the illness (Fassino et al.; 2009). Drop-out can be caused by interaction of concurrent, individual, familiar ad environmental factors (Sly; 2009).Aim of the studyTo examine possible risk factors of drop-out from inpatient treatment for eating disorders.Materials and methodsThe sample included 41 patients who voluntarily left the treatment before completion (’droppers’) and 88 patients who completed it (’completers’), in the period between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2009 at Villa Maria Luigia Hospital (Monticelli Terme, PR, Italy). Patients were administered 2 self-report questionnaires and 3 psychometric tests: Eating Disorders Questionnaire, Predisposing, bringing on and maintaining risk factors for eating disorders, EDI-II, BUT, SCL-90.ResultsDroppers appear to be more aggressive (p = 0.022), get worse scholastic results (p = 0.016) and have less friendships and less social interaction (p = 0.021). Parental break-up (p = 0.015), moving house (p = 0.006), father's death (p = 0.005), abortition (p = 0.040), father's alcohol abuse (p = 0.011) and a mother who suffers of eating disorder (p = 0.008) are more frequent in droppers than completers. Catholic religion seems to be a protective factor from drop-out (p = 0.005).ConclusionDrop-out is a multifactor phenomenon; identification of risk factors can improve treatment strategies and outcome.

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