Glacial and glacially conditioned lake types in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasafam Iturrizaga
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Cordillera Blanca ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Individual

The article presents a conceptual approach for the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of principal lake types in the context of the glaciation history in the Cordillera Blanca. The tropical mountain range hosts one of the main concentrations of proglacial lakes in high-mountain settings worldwide, which have formed as a result of the dominant trend of modern glacier retreat. In the 20th century, glacial lake outbursts have severely affected large settlement areas in the Rio Santa Basin. Additionally to the striking newly emerged lakes, geomorphological evidence of paleolakes is found throughout the middle and lower valley sections. Based on empirical data from field research in over 20 valleys and the analysis of air and satellite images, the study provides a genetic classification of major lake types and a generalized model for the distribution of the present lakes and paleolakes. The origin of the lakes and their recurrent distribution pattern are associated with the individual stages of the Pleistocene to modern glaciation and their corresponding geomorphological landforms. Apart from the individual lake, the focus is put on the spatial arrangement of the lakes to each other based on a holistic landscape assessment. Implications are drawn for the hazard potential, in particular in terms of outburst cascades involving two or more lakes. On a supraregional scale, a clustering of certain lake types occurs in different mountain ranges of the Andes according to their specific topographical and glaciological settings. Even though the glaciated areas have all been subject to major ice losses, only some mountain regions are prone to form moraine-dammed lakes such as in the Cordillera Blanca. The key controlling factors for their formation are highlighted from a glacial-geomorphological point of view. The distribution of principal types of glacial lakes is outlined in a N–S profile along the Andes.

Calls distinguish species of Antbirds (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) in the genus Pyriglena

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4291 (2) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORTON L. ISLER ◽  
MARCOS MALDONADO-COELHO
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Major River ◽  
Pacific Slope ◽  
Pyriglena Leucoptera ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Central South

Populations in the genus Pyriglena Cabanis, 1847, commonly known as fire-eyes, are patchily distributed in central South America from the Pacific slope of the Andes to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Pyriglena populations are currently placed into 12 taxa, only five of which are not isolated from their neighbors by distance, a high mountain range, or a major river. In the Thamnophilidae, taxonomic decisions regarding such allopatric populations have primarily rested on differences in vocalizations, thought not to be learned and to play a key role in the speciation process. When we examined Pyriglena vocalizations in this context, the outcomes revealed substantial diversity in their calls, rather than their songs. They commonly delivered four different types of calls, unusual although not unprecedented in thamnophilids. Diversity in calls rather than songs underscores the need to consider all vocalizations in taxonomic studies. The outcomes support the continued recognition of the White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot) and Fringe-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena atra (Swainson) as distinct species, and indicate that, in addition, the currently constituted Pyriglena leuconota should be considered three species: the Western Fire-eye Pyriglena maura (Ménétries); the Tapajos Fire-eye Pyriglena similis Zimmer; and the East Amazonian Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota (von Spix). We also identify taxonomic uncertainties regarding subspecies that require acquisition of additional data and further analysis. 

Crustal Structure across Central Scandinavian Peninsula along Silver Road refraction profile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Kahraman ◽  
Hans Thybo ◽  
Irina Artemieva ◽  
Alexey Shulgin ◽  
Alireza Malehmir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Baltic Shield ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Seismic Profile ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
The Baltic

<p>The Baltic Shield is located in the northern part of Europe, which formed by amalgamation of a series of terranes and microcontinents during the Archean to the Paleoproterozoic, followed by significant modification in Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic time. The Baltic Shield includes an up-to 2500 m high mountain range, the Scandes , along the western North Atlantic coast, despite being a stable craton located far from any active plate boundary.</p><p>We study a crustal scale seismic profile experiment in northern Scandinavia between 63<sup>o</sup>N and 71<sup>o</sup>N. Our Silverroad seismic profile extends perpendicular to the coastline around Lofoten and extends ~300km in a northwest direction across the shelf into the Atlantic Ocean and ~300km in a southeastern direction across the Baltic Shield. The seismic data were acquired with 5 explosive sources and 270 receivers onshore; 16 ocean bottom seismometers and air gun shooting from the vessel Hakon Mosby were used to collect both offshore and onshore.</p><p>We present the results from raytracing modelling of the seismic velocity structure along the profile. The outputs of this experiment will help to solve high onshore topography and anomalous and heterogeneous bathymetry of the continental lithosphere around the North Atlantic Ocean. The results show crustal thinning from the shield onto the continental shelf and further into the oceanic part. Of particular interest is the velocity below the high topography of the Scandes, which will be discussed in relation to isostatic equilibrium along the profile.</p>

THE CONTROL OF CHILD-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO ACCIDENT OCCURRENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-805
Author(s):  
Byron W. Wight
Keyword(s):  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Remedial Program ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Childhood Accidents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

Two decades ago, in a pioneering study, the Canadian psychiatrist John Tillmann demonstrated that drivers with a record of repeated automobile accidents did not confine their "accident" behavior to the highway. They were—to a substantially greater extent than accident-free drivers— "in trouble" in various aspects of their lives. Their records in a variety of social and legal agencies documented widespread pathology—economic, social, psychological, physical. Tillmann's conclusion, "You drive as you live," has achieved wide currency, but it has taken almost two decades for his conceptual framework to be applied to nonvehicular accidents—and especially to childhood accidents. Where such attempts have been made—where the investigator has broadened his focus on the "mechanics" of the accident to include a view of the personal and social characteristics of the individuals involved—the findings have been striking. Waller's unpublished study of shooting accidents demonstrates, for example, that those who have such accidents are quite different from gun owners who are accident-free. The paper that follows demonstrates some significant differences between mothers suspected of physically abusing their children and mothers of children whose accidents do not involve the suspicion of abuse. Perhaps because the early, largely discredited, concept of "accident proneness" was fundamentally a psychological one, there remains a tendency in many investigators to seek out psychological characteristics that distinguish child-abusing parents from those who do not abuse their children. Since the significant distinguishing psychological variables usually involve unusual sensitivity to social stresses or a general deficiency in coping ability, a remedial program may attempt either psychotherapy of the individual or a general alleviation of the social stresses. The social approach offers a practical alternative to the cost and uncertainty of the psychotherapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Kecerdasan Emosi Dan Depresi Pada Mahasiswa Yang Sudah Menikah

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Azizah Fitriah
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Correlational Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Married Students ◽  
The Relationship

Every human being will one day experience a tense period in the short term when facing known problems such as career pressures, family disputes or quarrels, material pressures, and personal despair, and we will think that this is depression, which is not is an important problem because it will resolve itself, but none of these fleeting conditions is depression. Good emotional intelligence can reduce aggression, especially in adolescents. Therefore, if emotions are managed successfully, the individual will be able to entertain themselves when overwritten by sadness, can release anxiety, moodiness or offense and rise quickly again from it all. This research is field research with a correlational approach, exploring the relationship between depression and emotional intelligence in married students. The results of the hypothesis test show that between emotional intelligence and depression in married students has a significant negative relationship (XY = -0.411; sig = 0.014 <0.05). This is in accordance with the data obtained from the SPSS 19 for Windows program, stating that r table 0.334 and r xy (r hit) -0.411, said to be significant if r xy = 0.411> r table = 0.334. In other words, the higher the emotional intelligence of students who are married, the lower the possibility of depression.

scholarly journals Pola Distribusi Aboveground Biomass Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Peniti Kalimantan Barat

Life Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rafdinal Rafdinal ◽  
Rizalinda Rizalinda ◽  
Sukal Minsas
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
West Kalimantan

This study aims to analyze the distribution pattern of aboveground biomass (AGB) in the mangrove ecosystem of West Kalimantan Safety. In addition, it also analyzes the differences in biomass and carbon stocks in the condition of mangrove forests. The study of the distribution pattern of AGB of mangrove forests was carried out between August and September 2018. Determination of the location of the study was based on a conceptual approach in the dimensions of spatial temporal that is using the Porposive Random Sampling method. Vegetation analysis was carried out by a single plot measuring 50 m x 50 m at each selected location. Based on vegetation analysis data it was found that the density of mangrove stands on the Peniti coast ranged from 38 to 185 ind /ha, with an average of 88.25 ± 66.15 ind./ Ha. The AGB of pinch mangrove forests ranged from 8.85 to 84.82 Mg / ha with the largest total AGB distributed in the stand diameter class of more than 80 cm.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola distribusi aboveground biomass (AGB) pada ekosistem mangrove Peniti Kalimantan Barat. Selain itu juga untuk menganalisis perbedaan biomassa, dan cadangan karbon pada kondisi hutan mangrove. Kajian pola distribusi AGB hutan mangrove Peniti dilakukan antara bulan Agustus dan September 2018. Penentuan lokasi penelitian didasarkan pada pendekatan konseptual dalam dimensi spasio temporal yaitu menggunakan metode Porposive Random Sampling. Analisis vegetasi dilakukan dengan metode petak tunggal berukuran 50 m x 50 m pada setiap lokasi terpilih. Berdasarkan data analisis vegetasi didapatkan bahwa kerapatan tegakan mangrove di pesisir Peniti berkisar antara 38 sampai 185 ind/ha, dengan rata-rata 88,25±66,15 ind./ha. AGB tegakan hutan mangrove Peniti berkisar antara 8,85 sampai 84,82 Mg/ha dengan total AGB terbesar terdistribusi pada kelas diameter tegakan lebih dari 80 cm.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS OF MAGNETORESISTANCE IN THIN-LAYERED FERROMAGNETIC STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Jakub Kisała ◽  
Karolina Czarnacka ◽  
Mateusz Gęca ◽  
Andrzej Kociubiński
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Constant Magnetic Field ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Nife Layer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Neodymium Magnets

The paper presents the technology for obtaining NiFe/Ti/NiFe layer structures in MEMS technology using magnetron purge with the assumption of being used as semi-magnetic sensors. A series of samples was made on a glass substrate with a sandwich structure, where the individual layers were 100 nm NiFe, 10 nm Ti and on top again NiFe with a thickness of 100 nm. Measurements of DC resistance of the obtained structures in a constant magnetic field, which was produced by neodymium magnets and an electromagnet, were carried out. The obtained results confirm the occurrence of phenomena known as the magnetoresistance effect. The influence of the spatial arrangement of structures relative to the constant magnetic field vector was checked and proved.

Control of low frequency noise from an environmental test facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3488-3497
Author(s):  
Malcolm Smith ◽  
Erika Quaranta
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Low Frequency Noise ◽  
Environmental Test

Environmental test chambers are used in the automotive industry to verify the resilience of vehicles. In just a few hours it is possible to take a car from mid-winter in the artic, via a high mountain range, to mid-summer in a desert. Powerful ventilation systems are used to change the temperature, pressure and humidity of the air in the chamber, and the variable speed blowers are a major source of low frequency noise, which can cause significant disturbance at neighbouring properties if there are gaps in silencer performance. This paper details a study to assess the attenuation requirements for a system to meet a standard criterion for low frequency far-field noise levels, and to select a reactive silencer system to achieve that specification under all circumstances. The system used standard silencer components where possible, but needed to take account of long pipe runs through the facility, with tailpipe resonances being a particular issue, and was further constrained by space and loading limits for the building. Design layouts were verified using the Actran FE code, taking account of interactions with existing silencers and transfer functions to the far-field, in order to have very high confidence of a successful outcome.

Estimating the snow-rain transition zone in a semi-arid Andean catchment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Schauwecker ◽  
Gabriel Palma ◽  
Shelley MacDonell ◽  
Katerina Goubanova
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Snow Line ◽  
Snow Cover Extent ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Precipitation Events

&lt;p&gt;The height of the snow-rain transition during infrequent but high impact precipitation events, closely related to the 0&amp;#8304;C-isotherm, is a crucial variable for snow cover extent, high discharge flows and flash floods in semi-arid northern Chile. Estimations of the snow-rain transition zone and its past and future changes are therefore fundamental for adaptation strategies and might eventually serve to develop early warning systems in this region. However, there are important challenges that hinder the assessment of the snow-rain transition zone in semi-arid environments and little is known about past and future changes under different global warming scenarios. For example, there are few radiosonde observations along the Andes and most weather stations are located in valley bottoms, influenced by local conditions and the assumption of free-air temperature lapse rates contributes to the uncertainty. We combine different data sets to estimate the past snow-rain transition zone of our study site, the semi-arid Elqui river catchment. Pictures of the snow line after precipitation events - available from social networks - are used to visually estimate the snow line elevation. These values are in high agreement with vertically extrapolated temperature from meteorological stations. Furthermore, we identified considerable biases between the extrapolated 0&amp;#8304;C-isotherm from meteorological stations and ERA5 reanalysis data. These large biases are probably due to the lowering of the freezing level over complex terrain and need further analysis. Our results contribute to an improved understanding of the snow-rain transition in this region, but also serve to derive a climatology of this key variable along the Andes mountain range, needed for future projections.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Assembly of Porphyrin Systems in Well-Defined Nanostructures: An Update

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Magna ◽  
Donato Monti ◽  
Corrado Di Natale ◽  
Roberto Paolesse ◽  
Manuela Stefanelli
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Internal Electric Field ◽  
Porphyrin Derivatives ◽  
Molecular Building Blocks ◽  
The Individual

The interest in assembling porphyrin derivatives is widespread and is accounted by the impressive impact of these suprastructures of controlled size and shapes in many applications from nanomedicine and sensors to photocatalysis and optoelectronics. The massive use of porphyrin dyes as molecular building blocks of functional materials at different length scales relies on the interdependent pair properties, consisting of their chemical stability/synthetic versatility and their quite unique physicochemical properties. Remarkably, the driven spatial arrangement of these platforms in well-defined suprastructures can synergically amplify the already excellent properties of the individual monomers, improving conjugation and enlarging the intensity of the absorption range of visible light, or forming an internal electric field exploitable in light-harvesting and charge-and energy-transport processes. The countless potentialities offered by these systems means that self-assembly concepts and tools are constantly explored, as confirmed by the significant number of published articles related to porphyrin assemblies in the 2015–2019 period, which is the focus of this review.

Exploring high-mountain limnic faunas: discovery of a novel endemic bivalve species (Sphaeriidae : Pisidium) in the Nepal Himalayas

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Bößneck ◽  
Catharina Clewing ◽  
Christian Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The Past ◽  
A New Species

High-mountain regions are known to harbour considerable biodiversity, although it is not all well known. The terrestrial fauna of the world’s largest mountain range, the Himalayas, has been moderately well studied, but this is not the case with the limnic fauna, and especially molluscs. During intensive malacozoological field surveys conducted over the past 20 years, the bivalve family Sphaeriidae has been studied in Nepal along an elevational gradient from 100 to 4010 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Here we describe a new species of Sphaeriidae, Pisidium alexeii, sp. nov., based on comprehensive molecular phylogenetics, anatomy and shell morphology. The species can be clearly distinguished from all other sphaeriid species occurring in Nepal. A molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear data inferred the oriental biogeographical affinity of the new species. The species is ecologically restricted and only occurs at a few sites between 1010 and 1700 m a.s.l. A review and updated checklist of the sphaeriid fauna of Nepal is provided and biodiversity and biogeographical patterns are discussed.

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