Protective effects of pentoxifylline on cigarette smoking-induced renal tissue damage in rats

Background/Aims: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is one of the most common postoperative complications in intensive care medicine. Baicalin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles in various disorders. We aimed to test the protective effects of baicalin on CSA-AKI using a rat model. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 75 min of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with 45 min of cardioplegic arrest (CA) to establish the AKI model. Baicalin was administered at different doses intragastrically 1 h before CPB. The control and treated rats were subjected to the evaluation of different kidney injury index and inflammation biomarkers. Results: Baicalin significantly attenuated CPB/CA-induced AKI in rats, as evidenced by the lower levels of serum creatinine, serum NGAL, and Kim1. Baicalin remarkably inhibited oxidative stress, reflected in the decreased malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity, and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione in renal tissue. Baicalin suppressed the expression of IL-18 and iNOS, and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Conclusion: Our data indicated that baicalin mediated CPB/CA-induced AKI by decreasing the oxidative stress and inflammation in the renal tissues, and that baicalin possesses the potential to be developed as a therapeutic tool in clinical use for CSA-AKI.

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Vaping and subsequent comorbidities potentially associated with increased mortality and more severe illness in COVID-19: a narrative review

10.22514/sv.2021.113 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Health Risks ◽

Older Patients ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Self Report ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Cigarette Use

Introduction: COVID-19 (or COVID) is a highly virulent viral disease which more frequently presents severe infection in specific populations, such as the elderly, patients with hypertension, patients with respiratory disease, and patients who smoke. The effects vaping (i.e., an electronic cigarette or JUUL device) has on COVID progression remains unclear, because there is an information paucity correlating e-cigarette use and COVID. This review sought to identify links between vape use and COVID severity via literature review. Additionally, because there is more widespread information about cigarette smoking than about vaping, this review sought to illustrate commonalities between smoking and vaping. If smoking and vaping are deemed near-identical practices, then it is possible the effects of smoking on human health and on COVID disease could be comparable in vaping. Methods: Several searches were performed on PubMed with MeSH headings and JSTOR between 17 December 2020 and 22 December 2020. Search results were excluded if they were not trials or controlled clinical trials, if the articles were not about COVID, if the articles were about smoking behaviors or habits, or if the articles were not related to vaping or smoking. Key findings were summarized and tabled based on relevance, substantiability, and applicability to COVID. Results: Multiple sources viewed smoking and vaping as equal risk factors for COVID disease, whereas other sources viewed the two as unique risk factors. Because of this controversy, it is challenging to view the two practices as similar enough to pose equivalent risks for COVID. Both practices pose significant health risks to its users, but these health risks are unique to each practice. Discussion: There are several limitations which exacerbate ambiguity—(1) it is unclear how harmful smoking is for COVID patients, because several publications found smoking may have protective effects; (2) few older patients vape, but yet most severe COVID cases occur in older populations; (3) older patients and impoverished patients show a statistically significant risk for severe COVID disease independent of other factors; (4) vaping is a relatively new practice, and there are few patients who self-report long-term e-cigarette use or long-term adverse effects as a result thereof. Conclusion: Although vaping may present serious health risks, clinically, it is uncertain how significantly vaping affects COVID disease, especially when compared against cigarette smoking. More research is needed on both the effects of vaping on COVID and the likeness of vaping versus smoking.

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Cutaneous Effects of Smoking

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/120347540400800603 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 415-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Anatoli Freiman ◽

Garrett Bird ◽

Andrei I. Metelitsa ◽

Benjamin Barankin ◽

Gilles J. Lauzon

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

English Language ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Health Concern ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Medline Search ◽

Mesh Terms

Background: Cigarette smoking is the single biggest preventable cause of death and disability in developed countries and is a significant public health concern. While known to be strongly associated with a number of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and cancers, smoking also leads to a variety of cutaneous manifestations. Objective: This article reviews the effects of cigarette smoking on the skin and its appendages. Methods: A literature review was based on a MEDLINE search (1966–2004) for English-language articles using the MeSH terms cutaneous, dermatology, tobacco, skin, and smoking. An additional search was subsequently undertaken for articles related to smoking and associated mucocutanous diseases, with the focus on pathogenesis and epidemiologic data. Articles presenting the highest level of evidence and latest reports were preferentially selected. Results: Smoking is strongly associated with numerous dermatologic conditions including poor wound healing, wrinkling and premature skin aging, squamous cell carcinoma, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, hair loss, oral cancers, and other oral conditions. In addition, it has an impact on the skin lesions observed in diabetes, lupus, and AIDS. The evidence linking smoking and melanoma, eczema, and acne is inconclusive. Anecdotal data exist on the possible protective effects of smoking in oral/genital aphthosis of Behçet's disease, herpes labialis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acral melanoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients. Conclusions: An appreciation of the adverse cutaneous consequences of smoking is important. Dermatologists can play an integral role in promoting smoking cessation by providing expert opinion and educating the public on the deleterious effects of smoking on the skin.

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Protective Effect of Calcium Dobesilate Administration Against Hepatorenal Damage Induced By CCL4 In Male Mice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-840854/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elham Hakimizadeh ◽

Ayat Kaeidi ◽

Mohammadreza Rahmani ◽

Mohammad Allahtavakoli ◽

Jalal Hassanshahi

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Group Versus ◽

Histopathological Change ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Male Mice ◽

Calcium Dobesilate ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Purpose: Calcium dobesilate (CaD) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the protective effects of CaD against hepatorenal damage induced by CCL4 in male mice were evaluated. Methods: Thirty male mice randomly were divided into five groups: Control, CaD 100 mg/kg, CCL4, CCL4+CaD 50 mg/kg, and CCL4+CaD 100 mg/kg. Drugs were administered orally once a day for 4-weeks. The liver and kidney indices (serum creatinine, blood urine nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels) were determined. Also, hepatic and renal tissue oxidant/antioxidant markers (glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase) were measured. Cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 protein levels were measured by immunoblotting method. The liver and kidney histopathological changes were evaluated by H&E staining.Results: CCL4 induces significant oxidative stress in the kidney and liver that was concomitant with functional and histopathological abnormalities in these organs in the CCL4 group versus the control (P<0.05). CaD could significantly improve the histopathological change in the liver and kidney tissues of CCL4+CaD 100 mg/kg mice versus the CCL4 group (P<0.05). In addition, CaD attenuated apoptosis in the liver and kidney tissues (P<0.05).Conclusion: The protective effect of CaD may be related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

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Abstract 352: Real-time Intravital Optical Imaging Reflects the Dynamic Changes of Oxidative Stress Induced by Cigarette Smoking in Vasculatures

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.352 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ji Bak Kim ◽

Jiheun Ryu ◽

Joon Woo Song ◽

Dong Joo Oh ◽

DaeGab Gweon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Optical Imaging ◽

Real Time ◽

Treated Group ◽

Fluorescence Signal ◽

Ros Production ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Dynamic Changes

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in cigarette smoking-induced atherogenesis. The present study aims to assess the smoking-induced acute oxidative stress within vasculatures, and evaluates whether the resveratrol, a natural polyphenol antioxidant, can counteract this ROS production, using a customized, high resolution intravital optical imaging in real-time. Methods and Results: 20-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups according to the preceding administration of resveratrol (R) (25mg/kg via gavage, for 7 days) and exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). To in vivo assess acute oxidative stress in blood vessels, dihydroethidium, which forms a red fluorescence (ethidium, excitation/emission: 520nm/610nm) upon reaction with ROS, was injected intraperitoneally. During CS exposure, temporal changes of fluorescence signals from the mouse cremaster muscle including vasculatures were assessed by intravital optical imaging for 15 minutes. Fluorescence signals were much more pronounced in CS exposed mice than controls (p<0.001). Resveratrol p.o. significantly reduced the CS-induced ROS signals compared to the non-treated group (fluorescence signal to noise ratio, SNR, 2.51±0.09 vs. 12.52±2.116, p=0.0002) (Figure A). Without CS exposure, fluorescence signals in targeted vasculatures were very low showing no difference between groups (SNR, 1.65±0.19 vs. 1.53±0.07, p=0.80) (Figure A). Lipid peroxidation was increased in CS group and significantly attenuated in resveratrol-treated mice (Figure B). Fluorescence microscopy and immunostainings corroborated the in vivo findings. Conclusions: The intravital optical imaging was able to in vivo estimate the dynamic changes of ROS production by CS exposure. Our data demonstrated that even a brief exposure to CS increased oxidative stress in vasculatures promptly, and the resveratrol exerts protective effects against the CS-induced acute oxidative stress.

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Interaction with Gut Microbiota Plays a Causative Role in Grape Powder-Mediated Anti-Colitis Effects in Mice

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 499-499

Author(s):

Yiying Zhao ◽

Qing Jiang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Rectal Bleeding ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Control Diet ◽

Spleen Weight ◽

Causative Role ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Gut Health ◽

Colonic Tissue ◽

Microbial Composition

Abstract Objectives Gut microbiota is recognized to play a regulatory role in gut health and diseases. Previously, in a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, we found that 10% grape powder (10GP) diet, which contains 0.033% polyphenols, attenuated colitis symptoms and restored colitis-changed gut microbial composition. However, it is not clear whether microbial modulation by 10GP directly contributes to the observed protective effects. To address the question, we compared the effect of 10GP on colitis in the presence and absence of antibiotics in mice. Methods Male Balb/c mice were gavaged with either water or antibiotic cocktail (ABX) daily for 7 days. For both water and ABX-treated mice, we further divided them into three subgroups: 1) healthy control (non-DSS), 2) mice fed with control diet and treated by 1.8% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water, and 3) mice fed with 10GP diet and treated with DSS (DSS-10GP). During the study, we monitored mice’ body weight and evaluated their colitis symptoms including stool consistency and rectal bleeding. All mice were sacrificed 9–10 days after DSS administration. Results Compared with conventional mice, ABX-treated mice had lowered liver and colon weight, increased level of fecal acetate and decreased levels of fecal butyrate and propionate. For both conventional and ABX-treated mice, DSS treatment caused colitis symptoms including rectal bleeding and diarrhea, colonic tissue damage, increased spleen weight and shortened colon length. Importantly, 10GP significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms in non-ABX conventional mice, as indicated by attenuated fecal bleeding and diarrhea, reduced colonic tissue damage, and lowered spleen weight and colon weight to length ratio as inflammatory indexes. In contrast, these protective effects of 10GP were not observed in the ABX-treated mice. Conclusions 10GP diet showed protective effects against DSS-induced colitis in conventional mice, but not ABX-treated mice. This observation indicates that interaction between 10GP and gut microbiota plays a causative role in 10GP-mediated protective effects on colitis. Funding Sources California Table Grape Commission.

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Antiperiodontitis Effects of Magnolia biondii Extract on Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Rats

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040934 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 934 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hae Jin Lee ◽

Dong-Ryung Lee ◽

Bong-Keun Choi ◽

Seung Hwan Yang

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Tissue Destruction ◽

Commercial Kits

Over the past decades, periodontitis has become a rising health problem and caused various diseases. In the many studies shows that some extracts and compound to the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. This study focuses on the effects of inhibition of gingival damage and alveolar bone loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Magnolia biondii extract (MBE) against ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. A ligature was placed around the molar teeth for 8 weeks, and MBE was administered for 8 weeks. Gingival tissue damage and alveolar bone loss were measured by microcomputed tomography (CT) analysis and histopathological examination. Serum Interluekin-1 β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2), and receptor activator of nuclear factor–κB ligand (RANKL) levels were investigated using commercial kits to confirm the antiperiodontitis effects of MBE. We confirmed that ligature-induced periodontitis resulted in gingival tissue damage and alveolar bone loss. However, treatment for 8 weeks with MBE protected from periodontal tissue damage and downregulated serum inflammatory cytokine factors and RANKL levels. These results suggest that MBE exerts antiperiodontitis effects by inhibiting gingival tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss through regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines in periodontitis-induced rats.

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Resveratrol Plays Protective Roles on Kidney of Uremic Rats via Activating HSP70 Expression

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/2126748 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Shandan Feng ◽

Jianjie Wang ◽

Jian Teng ◽

Zhan Fang ◽

Chongting Lin

Keyword(s):

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Protective Role ◽

Hsp70 Expression ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Collagen Deposition ◽

Model Group ◽

Resveratrol Treatment ◽

Related Proteins ◽

Different Doses

Objective. To investigate the protective effects of resveratrol on kidney of uremic rats and to explore whether the mechanism is associated with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression. Methods. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly separated into 5 groups, including sham group, uremic model group, and different doses of resveratrol group (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg). The serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were detected by Automatic Biochemical Analyzer (ABA). The pathological changes of renal tissues and the renal interstitial fibrosis were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson, respectively. The expression of HSP70 protein in renal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of HSP70 and NF-κB pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot. To further validate the protective role of resveratrol through activating HSP70 in uremic rats, HSP70 activator (17-AAG) and HSP70 inhibitor group (MKT-077) were used. Results. In the model group, the levels of Cr and BUN in serum were significantly increased, and the renal interstitial collagen deposition was also obviously increased (p<0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of Cr and BUN in different doses of resveratrol groups were remarkably declined, and the renal interstitial collagen deposition was declined (p<0.05). Resveratrol also significantly improved the renal tissue lesions when compared with the model group. In renal tissues, different doses of resveratrol treatment remarkably raised HSP70 and p-IκBα expression and also remarkably declined the level of p-P65 protein (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the effect of 17-AAG was similar to 20 mg/kg resveratrol on NF-κB pathway-related proteins expression. After the added MKT-077 in the resveratrol treatment group, the levels of HSP70 and p-IκBα in the renal tissue were remarkably declined; however, the levels of p-P65 protein was remarkably raised (p<0.05). Conclusion. Resveratrol played a protective role on the kidney of uremic rats through activating HSP70 expression.

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