Inhibition of acrolein-induced apoptosis by the antioxidant selenium

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Ayşe Başardı Gökçe ◽  
Banu Eren ◽  
Dilek Sağir ◽  
Burcu Demirel Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Apoptotic Index ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

In this study, the effects of a potent antioxidant, selenium, on apoptosis induced by acrolein, a cytotoxic and genotoxic environmental pollutant, were investigated by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. One hundred adult male Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into four main groups: control, acrolein, selenium, and acrolein + selenium. The animals in the experimental groups were given 1 mg/kg/day selenium and 4 mg/kg/day acrolein daily for 7 days by gavage. After drug administration, each group was divided into subgroups according to the time they were to be euthanized: 12th hour, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th day. The rats in each group at the determined time were euthanized and their livers were removed. Routine histological procedures were performed for light and electron microscopy examinations. After applying the Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay on the liver sections, apoptotic index values were calculated. Comparing the liver sections of the rats in the acrolein group and the control group, acrolein was found to cause a significant increase in the apoptotic index. The apoptotic index values of the acrolein + selenium group decreased compared to the acrolein group. In the electron microscopic examinations, apoptotic findings were observed in the liver tissues of the rats given acrolein, such as chromatin condensation in the nucleus of hepatocytes, dilatations in the perinuclear space, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. These apoptotic findings were not observed in the acrolein + selenium group after the 12th hour. These findings show that selenium may potentially be useful as a protective agent for people exposed to acrolein.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory effects of montelukast on smoke-induced lung injury in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Basyigit ◽  
Murat Sahin ◽  
Deniz Sahin ◽  
Fusun Yildiz ◽  
Hasim Boyaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To evaluate the effects of montelukast in smoke- induced lung injury.Methods: 28 Wistar-Albino rats were enrolled into 4 groups with 7 rats per group. The healthy control group was exposed to fresh air while all rats in the 3 experimental groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 20 weeks for 2 hours per day. After histopathological verification of smoke induced lung injury, montelukast (0.1 mg/kg) dissolved in Na2CO3 was given in one group (MON), Na2CO3 only was given in another group (MON control) and placebo was injected in the third group (COPD control) intraperitoneally for 21 days. At the end of this period blood samples were obtained for serum TNF-α assessment and light and electron microscopy analy- ses were performed on the lung tissues of sacrificed rats. Results: Serum TNF-α levels in the MON group were signifi- cantly lower than in the MON control and COPD control groups (38.84 ± 4.9 pg/ml, 77.5 ± 5.8 pg/ml and 79.2 ± 6.9 pg/ml respectively, p < 0.05). Furthermore there was no sta- tistically significant difference between the MON group and healthy controls with respect to serum TNF-α levels (38.84 ± 4.9 pg/ml vs. 29.5 ± 3.6 pg/ml, p > 0.05). Light and electron microscopic evaluation of the lungs demonstrated that the total histopathological damage score of the lung samples was significantly lower in the MON group than in MON controls and COPD controls (5.14 ± 0.5, 8.4 ± 0.6 and 8.7 ± 0.4 respec- tively, p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the MON group and healthy controls (5.1 ± 0.6 vs 2.3 ± 0.2, p > 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that montelukast might have a protective effect on smoke-induced lung injury in rats both from a histopathological and inflammatory point of view.  

Thymoquinone is a protective agent that reduces the negative effects of doxorubicin in rat testis

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1364-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Öztürk ◽  
E Kaymak ◽  
AT Akin ◽  
D Karabulut ◽  
H Murat Ünsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Apoptotic Index ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Testosterone Levels

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is used for treatment of many cancer types. Thymoquinone (THQ) is a powerful antioxidant agent used for reducing side effects of several drugs. The aim of this study is to determine possible therapeutic effects of THQ on doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups ( n = 8): control, THQ, olive oil, DOX (a single dose of 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) on seventh day of the experiment), and DOX + THQ (10 mg/kg THQ per day and 15 mg/kg DOX i.p. on seventh day). Animals were euthanized, and testis tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Caspase 3 and HSP90 immunostaining were performed to determine the expression levels of these proteins among groups. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2′-deoxyuridine, 5′-triphosphate nick-end labeling method was used for evaluation of apoptotic index. Moreover, serum testosterone levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in testicular tissue were measured by ELISA assay. Results: The DOX group had histopathological deterioration compared to the control group. There was an increase in apoptotic index, caspase 3 and HSP90 expressions in the DOX group. While TAS level of the DOX group decreased, TOS level increased when compared with the other groups. Serum testosterone levels in the DOX group decreased compared to the control group. However, there was improvement in testicular tissue in DOX + THQ group compared to the DOX group. There was a decrease in apoptotic index, caspase 3, and HSP90 expressions in DOX + THQ group compared to the DOX group. Testosterone level of DOX + THQ significantly increased compared to the DOX group. Conclusion: We suggest that THQ can be used as a protective agent to reduce the toxic effects of DOX.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

scholarly journals Zoledronic Acid Effect on Chondrocyte Apoptosis in Degenerative Osteoarthritis Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Uysal ◽  
Gurkan Ozkoc ◽  
Filiz Bolat ◽  
Mehmet Turker ◽  
Mehmet Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Chondrocyte Death ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Acl Transection

Apoptosis refers to cell death without inflammatory process, and is related to degenerative changes in joints. We hypothesized that zoledronic acid (ZA) would have a positive effect on chondrocyte viability and decreases in chondrocyte loss, which are important for the progression of degeneration. This study aimed to reveal the difference in time-dependent apoptotic changes in cartilage tissue in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection model of osteoarthritis (OA) in rat knees after treatment with zoledronic acid. We randomly divided 48 male Wistar albino rats into 6 groups. The knees of all rats except those in the control group underwent the operation for ACL transection. ZA for half of the rats and saline solution for the others was injected weekly into knees. Animals were killed at 0, 3, and 6 weeks after surgery. Apoptosis of chondrocytes were analyzed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method. Comparison of groups was performed using Kruskal Wallis analysis and the Mann Whitney U test. Significant differences were observed between the groups treated with ZA and saline. ZA treatment significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells in chondral tissue. ZA prevents time-dependent degenerative changes in chondral tissue by decreasing chondrocyte death. Intra-articular ZA may have the potential to treat and conserve chondral viability. ZA prevents chondrocyte loss and may play a therapeutic role in OA and conserving joint health. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential of intra-articular ZA for the prevention or treatment of age-related degenerative changes.

scholarly journals Propolis Protective Effects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Multi-Organ Toxicity via Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Histopathological Alterations in Female Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1762-1777
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Treatment Protocols

Doxorubicin (DOX) is effective chemotherapy in several malignancies, but large-scale toxicities limit its clinical usefulness. Propolis has been reported to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. We aim to assess the protective efficacy of propolis against DOX-induced multi-toxicity in female rats. Forty female rats were divided into four groups: control group; Group (P) were administrated oral propolis (100 mg/kg once daily for 28 days); Group (P+DOX) were injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of DOX (20 mg/kg i.p at 24th day after the propolis administration) and group (DOX) were injected with doxorubicin only. Estimation of cardiac, renal and hepatic injury markers, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines were done using sera. Also, liver and heart tissue samples were collected to determine GSH and MDA as oxidative stress markers. In addition to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of Cytochrome-C and Connexin43 on lysed myocardium, liver, kidney and lung tissues. Doxorubicin toxicity caused marked deteriorations of measured parameters through the different mechanisms in different body organs. However, pre-treatment with propolis significantly ameliorated these alterations. Thus propolis can ameliorate the DOX-induced experimental multi-toxicity as cardiomyopathy, hepatotoxicity, nephritis and pneumonia. Thus, it could be a promising protective agent in DOX treatment protocols.

Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Pycnogenol in a Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Model in Newborn Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruya Çolak ◽  
Aslı Celik ◽  
Gulden Diniz ◽  
Senem Alkan Özdemir ◽  
Osman Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Group B ◽  
Factor Α

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Pycnogenol (PYC) and its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect in an experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) rat model. Study Design A total of 24 Wistar albino rats who were on the seventh postnatal day were divided into three groups with developed HI brain injury model under the sevoflurane anesthesia: 40 mg/kg PYC was given to Group A, saline was given to Group B, and the sham group was Group C. Neuronal apoptosis was investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and immunohistochemically stained manually with primer antibodies of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Results The neuronal cell injury was statistically lower in the PYC treatment group. Conclusion This is the first study that investigates the role of PYC in the HI brain injury model. PYC reduces apoptosis and neuronal injury in the cerebral tissue of the rats. PYC may be a protective agent against hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Key Points

scholarly journals Effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiations (RF-EMR) on cerebral cortex of albino rats-a light and electron microscopic study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3662-3668
Author(s):  
Dr.faisal Taufiq ◽  
Dr. Mohit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiations ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Background: Since the introduction of mobile phones in the late eighties, many studies have raised concerns about the possible adverse effects on health, as a result of the exposure to RF and microwave electromagnetic fields as RF-EMR can penetrate deep into organic tissues and get absorbed producing many biological effects in human body. Brain is involved in very important functions and RF-EMR might have damaging effects on its different parts. The present study was undertaken with an aim to study effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiations (RF-EMR) emitted by mobile phones on cerebrum in albino rats under light and electron microscopy and to evaluate such changes after exposure to graded dose of RF-EMR Material and methods: The present study was carried out on twenty four adult albino rats of either sex weighing 180-200 grams each. The animals were divided into four groups: 1 control and 3 experimental and were exposed to RF-EMR via complete missed calls of 45 seconds duration each. Both the experimental and control groups were then sacrificed and cerebral cortex was isolated for tissue processing. The processed tissues were then studied under light microscope (Hematoxylin & Eosin Staining) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).     Results: Light microscopic findings of the present study showed that cellular size of neuronal cells in pyramidal layer of cerebral cortex, neurons of hippocampus and some granular layers in cerebral cortex of RF-EMR exposed rats decreased in compare to control groups. Individual cells could be seen with condensed cytoplasm and nucleus. Electron microscopic findings revealed individual shrunken cells with condensed cytoplasm and nucleus. Conclusion: From the findings of the present study it appears pertinent that in order to protect the population living around base stations and users of mobile handsets, governments and regulatory bodies adopt safety standards, which translate to limits on exposure levels below a certain value and efforts are underway to harmonize the different standards in existence.

Electron microscopic characteristic of local immune processes during regression of developed experimental tumors under the influence of magnetite nanoparticles.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14179-e14179
Author(s):  
Galina V. Zhukova ◽  
Oleg I. Kit ◽  
Marina I. Bragina ◽  
Tatiana N. Gudtskova ◽  
Alla I. Shikhlyarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antitumor Action ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Diverse Groups

e14179 Background: Previously, regression of the developed transplanted tumors under the influence of magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) as monofactor was shown. The purpose of the study was to reveal signs of intercellular interactions in the zone of tumors regressed under the influence of magnetite NPs. Methods: Experiments were carried out on 14 white outbred male rats (180-200 g) with transplanted sarcoma 45 of an initial volume of 0.7-1.3 cm3. After 6 peritumoral injections of magnetite NPs (10 ± 2 nm) in the form of magnetic fluid AM-01 ("AM-Kub", Ekaterinburg) twice a week in a single dose of 17.7 mg/kg, 5 out of 7 rats of the main group demonstrated a regression of the tumor from 1.5-3 cm3 to 0.7 ± 0.2 cm3 (in the control group – 9.7 ± 1.9 cm3, p < 0.01). Ultrathin sections of the tumor tissue of 12 animals (including 7 rats of the main group) were examined in electron microscope JEOL JEM-1011 (Japan). Results: Under effective action of magnetite NPs in tumor tissue, in addition to necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy were marked. In the case of apoptosis, chromatin condensation in compact masses and separation of apoptotic bodies were observed. Significantly more common autophagic cell death was identified by violation of the integrity of the cell membrane and the presence of autophagosomes. Numerous signs of activation of cell-cell interactions with participation of immune cells were observed. Diverse groups of 2-4 contacting cells included macrophages, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, degranulated mast cells, neutrophils in various combinations with distinct signs of the metabolic activity. Invagination of macrophages cytoplasm into the cytoplasm of tumor cells, close adjacency of the cytoplasmic membranes of neutrophils and lymphocytes at considerable length, tight intertwining of mast cell cytoplasmic processes and engulfing of the mast cell granules by macrophages were noted. Conclusions: The results supplement the characteristics of immune processes during the self-dependent antitumor action of magnetite NPs.

scholarly journals Pro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Pathways which Compromise Sperm Motility and Survival May Be Altered by L-Carnitine

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel R. A. Abd-Allah ◽  
Gouda K. Helal ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Yahya ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Aleisa ◽  
Salim S. Al-Rejaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Testicular Dysfunction ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The testis is an immunologically privileged organ. Sertoli cells can form a blood-testis barrier and protect sperm cells from self-immune system attacks. Spermatogenesis may be inhibited by severe illness, bacterial infections and chronic inflammatory diseases but the mechanism(s) is poorly understood. Our objective is to help in understanding such mechanism(s) to develop protective agents against temporary or permanent testicular dysfunction. Lipopolysaccaride (LPS) is used as a model of animal sepsis while L-carnitine (LCR) is used as a protective agent. A total of 60 male Swiss albino rats were divided into four groups (15/group). The control group received Saline; the 2ndgroup was given LCR (500 mg/kg i.p, once). The third group was treated with LPS (5 mg/kg i.p once) and the fourth group received LCR then LPS after three hours. From each group, five rats were used for histopathological examination. Biochemical parameters were assessed in the remaining ten rats. At the end of the experiment, animals were lightly anaesthetized with ether where blood samples were collected and testes were dissected on ice. Sperm count and motility were evaluated from cauda epididymis in each animal. Also, oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring testicular contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-HDG, the DNA adduct for oxidative damage) in testicular DNA. The pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) in addition to lactate dehydrogenase (LDHx) isoenzyme-x activity as an indicator for normal spermatozoal metabolism were assessed in testicular homogenate. Serum interlukin (IL)-2 level was also assessed as a marker for T-helper cell function. The obtained data revealed that LPS induced marked reductions in sperm's count and motility, obstruction in seminiferous tubules, hypospermia and dilated congested blood vessels in testicular sections concomitant with decreased testicular GSH content and LDHx activity. Moreover, the testicular levels of MDA, 8-HDG (in testicular DNA) and NO as well as serum IL-2 level were increased. Administration of LCR before LPS returned both sperm count and motility to normal levels. Also, contents of testicular GSH, MDA, 8-HDG and NO returned back to the corresponding control values. In addition, serum IL-2 level as well as histological abnormalities were markedly improved in LCR + LPS-treated rats. In conclusion, LPS increased proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the testis leading to a marked testicular dysfunction. L-carnitine administration ameliorates these effects by antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory mechanisms suggesting a protective role against male infertility in severely infected or septic patients.

scholarly journals Qianlongtong Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Hyperplastic Prostate Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1548-1553
Author(s):  
Yifeng Yuan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Wenxiong Zhu ◽  
Tao liu ◽  
JuQiao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Apoptotic Index ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Prostate Cells ◽  
Tamoxifen Group ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis

Qianlongtong is a compound made from traditional Chinese herbs and it has proven to be very effective to treat patients with benign prostate hypertrophy. However, its mechanism is still unknown. This study is designed to investigate the effect of Qianlongtong on proliferation and apoptosis of hyperplastic prostate cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) were used to assess proliferation and apoptosis of hyperplastic prostate cells in the following groups: control group, tamoxifen group, and groups with low, moderate, and high dosage of Qianlongtong. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms for increased apoptosis. Cells treated with Qianlongtong were mainly blocked in the G0/G1 phase. The apoptotic index of each group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The apoptotic index in the high- and moderate-dosage groups was similar to that in the tamoxifen group. The high- and moderate-dosage groups had lower Bcl-2 and higher Bax messenger RNA (mRNA) levels compared with the control group. Qianlongtong inhibits proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of hyperplastic prostate cells.

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