scholarly journals Conceptualizing and Studying Characteristics, Units, and Fits of Persons and Environments: A Coherent Synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110487
Author(s):  
Christian Kandler ◽  
John F. Rauthmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
The Individual

Based on a perspective on personality coherence as the extent to which personality-relevant characteristics are differentiated and integrated within a person in his or her environment, we propose a synthesis that builds on and harmonizes existing and partly conflicting theories, methodological approaches, and empirical findings. This understanding of personality coherence needs clear definitions of person and environment characteristics. We define traits as characteristics of the person, adaptations as characteristics of the person-in-contexts, and states as characteristics of the person-in-situations. Thus, our synthesis involves concepts of environments and person-environment units. Next, we provide testable criteria to differentiate characteristics of persons from characteristics of person-environment units and to identify dispositional traits for a narrow-sense perspective on personality coherence. We raise awareness of the importance of fit between (profiles of) person and environment characteristics for an understanding of the integrated uniqueness of persons in their environments. We outline implications of this broader perspective on personality coherence for personality development, self-regulation, social integration, well-being, and psychological interventions. Lastly, we conclude that the analysis of an individual’s uniqueness and personality differences requires information about how well-defined, well-differentiated, well-integrated, and well-operationalized person(ality) variables are actually expressed in, or interact and transact with, the individual environment.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing and Studying Characteristics, Units, and Fits of Persons and Environments: A Coherent Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kandler ◽  
John F. Rauthmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
The Individual

Based on a perspective on personality coherence as the extent to which personality-relevant characteristics are differentiated and integrated within a person in his or her environment, we propose a synthesis that builds on and harmonizes existing and partly conflicting theories, methodological approaches, and empirical findings. This understanding of personality coherence needs clear definitions of person and environment characteristics. We define traits as characteristics of the person, adaptations as characteristics of the person-in-contexts, and states as characteristics of the person-in-situations. Thus, our synthesis involves concepts of environments and person-environment units. Next, we provide testable criteria to differentiate characteristics of persons from characteristics of person-environment units and to identify dispositional traits for a narrow-sense perspective on personality coherence. We raise awareness of the importance of fit between (profiles of) person and environment characteristics for an understanding of the integrated uniqueness of persons in their environments. We outline implications of this broader perspective on personality coherence for personality development, self-regulation, social integration, well-being, and psychological interventions. Lastly, we conclude that the analysis of an individual’s uniqueness and personality differences requires information about how well-defined, well-differentiated, well-integrated, and well-operationalized person(ality) variables are actually expressed in, or interact and transact with, the individual environment.

scholarly journals The mediating role of narcissism in the effects of regulatory mode on positivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Di Santo ◽  
Calogero Lo Destro ◽  
Conrad Baldner ◽  
Alessandra Talamo ◽  
Cristina Cabras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulatory Mode ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reported Data

AbstractPositivity (i.e., the individual tendency to positively approach life experiences) has proven to be an effective construct applied in positive psychology. However, individuals’ self-regulation may have contrasting effects on positivity. We specifically examined whether positivity could be partially explained through two aspects of motivation concerned with self-regulation: locomotion (i.e., a motivational orientation concerned with movement) and assessment (i.e., a motivational orientation concerned with comparison and evaluation). Furthermore, based on previous literature that found a link between these aspects and narcissism, we examined whether “adaptive” and “maladaptive” dimensions of narcissism could mediate the effects of locomotion and assessment on increased or decreased positivity. Narcissism was defined by previous research as adaptive or maladaptive insofar as it leads or does not lead to increased psychological well-being. We estimated a mediation model with multiple independent variables and multiple mediators in a cross-sectional study with self-reported data from 190 university students. We found that both locomotion and assessment were associated with adaptive narcissism, which in turn was positively associated with positivity. However, assessment was also associated with maladaptive narcissism, which in turn was negatively associated with positivity. Relationships between aspects of self-regulation, narcissism, and positivity can have significant implications which will be discussed.

scholarly journals Indicators of psychological stability of the individual to sociocultural threats and negative information impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Kislyakov ◽  
I.-L. S. Meyerson ◽  
P. A. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. The article analyzes the problem of psychological stability of the individual to socio-cultural threats and negative information impact. As social problems become more acute, the topic of personal security and resistance to emerging threats and risks takes an increasing place in the scientific literature. Today we can observe various violations of the processes of socio-cultural identification, which reduce the adaptive potential of the individual. The reverse side of accessibility in the global information environment is an increase in the degree of danger, the emergence of new risk factors and threats of information and psychological impact. Of particular concern are the facts of Russian youth joining terrorist groups, as well as the facts of youth involvement in destructive protest movements and actions.Materials and methods. The following methods were used for the preparation of this article; theoretical analysis of Russian and international literature, study of scientific articles and publications on the topic, overview of results from Russian and international studies, content analysis.Results. Approaches to determining the content of the category of psychological stability of a person and its various aspects are considered: emotional stability, moral stability, moral stability, stability of behavior forms, resistance to addictive factors, and socio-cultural stability. Identify invariant indicators that determine the psychological stability of the individual in various contexts of countering socio-cultural threats and negative information impact: socio-cultural identity based on views, beliefs, attitudes consistent with moral norms and spiritual values; motivation of the individual to self-actualization, success, openness and commitment to society; subjective well-being and resilience; critical thinking and the ability to predict risks and threats; possession of constructive coping strategies; adaptive personal potential expressed in mastering self-regulation methods that ensure successful adaptation to a changing socio-cultural environment.Discussion and Conclusions. The conducted theoretical research allowed us to conclude that the psychological stability of a person is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, which is revealed in the moral, socio-psychological and system-activity perspective. It is concluded that the task of forming psychological stability and personal adaptive potential should be updated in the educational system, including the formation of knowledge about oneself as a person, about their psychological capabilities and mechanisms of self-regulation, and the explanation of moral norms and values.

scholarly journals Complex of Methods of Imaginative Psychotherapy of the Body in Healthy Psychotechnology “RIC”: Efficiency and Features of Application

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
Mental Integration ◽  
The Individual

Decrease in the level of health is considered today as a social, general cultural problem. In modern Ukraine, there is an acute problem of using psychological technologies for healing, fostering a conscious attitude to one’s health, which is caused by a contradiction between the fairly high objective requirements of society for health, harmonious development of people and a rather low level of respect for one’s body and wellness culture, as well as a general deterioration health of citizens. The article is devoted to the development of health-improving psychotechnology and assessment of its effectiveness based on the study of the dynamics of verbalization of bodily and subjective assessment of health as a result of its application. A generalization of the results of a theoretical analysis of the health problem and the psychological mechanisms of its provision is presented. The use of integrative psychotechnics for recreational purposes is justified. The proposed program of wellness psychotechnology “Relaxation-Imagination-Comfort” (“RIC”) is one of the integrative psychotechnologies, based on the synthesis of methods of concentrative relaxation, imaginative psychotherapy of the body and includes a set of psychotechnics aimed at ensuring the restoration and preservation of the full functioning of the body, based on means of internalization of the Bodily locus of control, relaxation and self-regulation based on feedback from the Bodily-Self. The RIC program is based on the principle of gradual mental deepening and expansion of the practice of mental integration and involves the consistent implementation of the preparatory stage, three main (relaxation, awareness, imagination) stages and the final stage. Based on a synthesis of empirical data, it is shown that, as a result of the use of health psychotechnology (“RIC”), positive dynamics of subjective assessment of health and well-being, a decrease in the intensity of somatic complaints, harmonization of dominant psycho-emotional states, the level of verbalization of the Bodily-Self and emotional acceptance of one’s body were revealed, which characterizes the potential for self-healing and maintaining the psychosomatic balance of the individual.

scholarly journals State of formation of psychological health of students during training in establishments of higher education

HUMANITARIUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kostiuk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Individual

Under the current conditions, the urgency of the problem of health is conditioned by the realities of life, because in recent times there have been rapid changes in the economic, political and socio-cultural life of the individual and society as a whole. In order for young people to be able to easily adapt to higher education institutions and realize themselves after their graduation, they must be healthy not only physically but also spiritually. That is why the basis of full-fledged personality development is psychological health. It is the psychological health of the individual - the optimal functioning of all mental structures necessary for the current life. It describes the person as a whole, has a relation to the motivational, cognitive and emotional-volitional spheres.The main criteria for psychological health are: adequate perception of the environment, conscious perpetration of deeds, activity, ability to work, purposefulness, ability to establish close contacts, full family life, feelings of affection and responsibility towards relatives, ability to compile and implement their life plan, orientation to self-development, integrity of the individual.In the development of the problem of psychological health should pay attention not only to the mental processes and properties of the psyche (they are more or less studied in psychology), but also on the mental states of a person experienced them in the process of life, taking into account their strength, frequency of repetitions, etc. p. In the context of the study, psychological health is seen as an element of a full-fledged human functioning, based on two levels: structural, content and functional.Structural-content analysis of psychological health reflects the vision of domestic psychologists about the structure of the human psyche, which is considered as an individual-personality, subject-person, individual-subject-personality, individual-personality-individuality, organism-individual-personality. The functional level studied by us in the psychological health of man is an integrative characteristic of human states in terms of efficiency, the activity carried out by him and involved in its implementation of the system according to the criteria of reliability and the internal price of activities. In studying the state of psychological health of modern students and their dynamics in the process of their study, it is necessary to consider the influence of a number of factors, which includes the complex as subjective (depending mainly on the students themselves) and objective (dependent on external circumstances) factors. Therefore, in order to determine the state of psychological health, we proposed the following factors of influence, namely: organization of the educational process, ability to study, social and living conditions, a new group of comrades, material well-being of students, support of the curator of the group.

scholarly journals GENESIS OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-FULFILMENT OF A TEACHER

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Svetlana Sergeyko
Keyword(s):  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article gives the author’s definition of the concept of “professional self-fulfilment of the teacher”, which means a personal strategy of a teacher’s professional activity, aimed at improving their personal qualities and developing their professional competencies. The structural and content components of the professional self-fulfilment of the teacher have been determined: self-understanding, self-actualization, self-identification, self-design, self-organization and self-regulation. It has been proved that each of the six components carries its own function, being central at a certain stage of professional development, determining the course of the teacher’s personality development, and moving at the next stage to a “subordinate” position when it becomes a mechanism for the implementation of a new stage of the teacher’s professional self-fulfilment. Self-knowledge is an activity specially organized by a teacher, the purpose of which is to identify one’s own potential capabilities, actual needs, life meanings in the aspect of professional activity. Self-actualization is an activity specially organized by a teacher, the purpose of which is self-understanding, self-awareness of one’s own uniqueness in professional activity. Self-identification is an activity specially organized by the teacher, the purpose of which is self-identification with one of the self-actualizing professional portraits. Self-design is an activity specially organized by the teacher, the purpose of which is to develop an individual educational trajectory in the direction of his “ideal self-teacher”. Self-development is an activity specially organized by the teacher, the purpose of which is positive self-change of the individual in the direction of his “ideal self-teacher”. Self-presentation is an activity specially organized by the teacher, the purpose of which is the teacher’s presentation of his intermediate and final results. Keywords: Professional self-fulfillment of the teacher; structural and content components of the professional self-fulfillment of the teacher; self-understanding of the teacher, self-actualization of the teacher; self-identification of the teacher; self-design of the teacher; self-organization of the teacher; self-regulation of the teacher.

Intraindividual Variability in Lifespan Developmental Methodology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Cerino ◽  
Karen Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Temporal Frame ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Developmental Domains ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health And Well Being

Intraindividual variability (IIV) refers to short-term fluctuations that may be more rapid, and are often conceptualized as more reversible, than developmental change that unfolds over a longer period of time, such as years. As a feature of longitudinal data collected on micro timescales (i.e., seconds, minutes, days, or weeks), IIV can describe people, contexts, or general processes characterizing human development. In contrast to approaches that pool information across individuals and assess interindividual variability in a population (i.e., between-person variability), IIV is the focus of person-centered studies addressing how and when individuals change over time (i.e., within-person variability). Developmental psychologists interested in change and how and when it occurs, have devised research methods designed to examine intraindividual change (IIC) and interindividual differences in IIC. Dispersion, variability, inconsistency, time-structured IIV, and net IIV are distinct operationalizations of IIV that, depending on the number of measures, occasions, and time of measurement, reflect unique information about IIV in lifespan developmental domains of interest. Microlongitudinal and measurement-burst designs are two methodological approaches with intensive repeated measurement that provide a means by which various operationalizations of IIV can be accurately observed over an appropriate temporal frame to garner clearer understanding of the dynamic phenomenon under investigation. When methodological approaches are theoretically informed and the temporal frame and number of assessments align with the dynamic lifespan developmental phenomenon of interest, researchers gain greater precision in their observations of within-person variability and the extent to which these meaningful short-term fluctuations influence important domains of health and well-being. With technological advancements fueling enhanced methodologies and analytic approaches, IIV research will continue to be at the vanguard of pioneering designs for elucidating developmental change at the individual level and scaling it up to generalize to populations of interest.

scholarly journals Concept of Will as an Open Problem in Culture-Historical Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Nataliya N. Tolstykh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Open Problem ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
External Source ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Individual

Outlines a new approach to the problem of development of will, emanating from the tradition of thought represented by Vygotsky and Bozhovich. The main conceptual de-velopment lies in drawing a distinction between two concepts – will (volya) and goal appropriation, self-regulation, executive cognitive control of behavior (proyzvolnost’). Both concepts emphasize the readiness and ability of an individual to pursue a goal. The distinction lies in the nature of that goal determination. In will, it is self generated and comes from the inner world of the individual while in goal appropriation, it is determined by an external source but is readily appropriated. A such distinction is supported by re-cent findings in neuroscience which describe the actualization of di˙erent brain structures depending on whether an individual acts upon will or willingly submission. Hence, the personality development is considered as a process of will development in which will and goal appropriation inter plays and progresses in specific stages paving the way for subjunctivization or becoming a true subject of that culture.

scholarly journals Theoretical and methodological justification of the study of nnhe adaptive transformation of the psychological pprotection of the students personality

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Iryna Savenkova ◽  
Yulia Missuk
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Adolescence Period ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Student

The problem of the relationships of mechanisms of psychological protection with the process of adaptation of students is considered to the educational environment in the university in this article. It is justified the feasibility of the study student period, that places higher demands to the psychological protection of the individual. The description of the theoretical justification of the problem of psychological protection and its features is given on the analysis of the scientific literature. It is presented the picture of the strategies of adaptive behavior of the person. The psychodiagnostic techniques are described such as ( test "Lifestyle Index" К. R. Plutchik – G. Kelermag, the methodology "The indicator of strategies to overcome stress" of D. R. Amirkhan in the adaptation of N.O. Syroty and V.M. Yalta, the multifactor personal questionnaire "The adaptability" of A. G. Maklakova in the adaptation of S. V. Chermyanin, the test of semantic and real orientations of D. O. Leontiev, the methodology of determining the stylistic features of self-regulation of behavior by V. I. Morosanova and E. M. Konoz). All they are used in the research of the features of psychological protection of personality and transformational adaptation. It is given the data of empirical research of features of formation of strategies of adaptive behavior in the course of psychological protection of the personality of the student. The psychological protection and personality development are related with each other, allowing the individual to adapt to difficult living conditions. On the one hand, the psychological protection is a condition for the harmonious development of the student's personality. It allows to provide adaptation through realization of balance of dynamic process of development. On the other hand, the development of personality in adolescence period is one of the conditions of psychological protection, ensuring the process of transformation of the individual and its life. The constructive interaction with the surrounding world is not possible without it. On the one hand, the self-protective efforts of a person are aimed at adaptation to the environment (preservation), and on the other hand, to the transformation of the psychological situation (change).

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF UNCERTAINTY EXPERIENCE IN THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-268
Author(s):  
И.Г. Скотникова ◽  
П.И. Егорова ◽  
Ю.Л. Огаркова ◽  
Л.С. Жиганов
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Scientific Group ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
And Control

Представлены результаты онлайн-опроса о переживании людьми неопределённости в период пандемии COVID-19, а также о принятии ими решений и особенностях их саморегуляции в связи с рядом индивидуально-личностных и стилевых свойств. Опрос проведен научной группой Института психологии РАН совместно со специалистами ГАУГН и Высшей школы междисциплинарных исследований и развития личности. В опросе участвовало 54 респондента в возрасте от 22 до 63 лет из России и еще девяти стран, в большинстве психологи и студенты психологических факультетов, а также лица, интересующиеся психологией. Они проходили трехдневный психотерапевтический марафон, направленный на стабилизацию эмоционального состояния в самоизоляции в связи с вирусом и на обучение техникам самопомощи. У значительной части респондентов получены низкие значения показателей гибкости саморегуляции и активности и высокие - тревожности, что может быть объяснено ситуацией эпидемии и самоизоляции. Факторный анализ оценок респондентов позволил выделить четыре независимых фактора: эмоциональный интеллект, саморегуляцию и бдительность, самочувствие и настроение, рефлексию и контроль. По результатам опроса разработаны рекомендации населению по коррекции гибкости саморегуляции, активности и тревожности, а также рекомендации организациям о важности для сотрудников регулярных онлайн-совещаний, помогающих им по-прежнему ощущать себя в коллективе, в совместной работе и общении. В заключении подчеркнуты теоретико-методологические вопросы устойчивости/пластичности индивидуально-личностных и стилевых свойств в чрезвычайных условиях. The results of online survey were presented. It was focused on people experiencing uncertainty during the pandemic of COVID-19, as well as about their decision-making and the features of their self-regulation in connection with some individual-personal and style properties. The survey was conducted by a scientific group of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences together with specialists from GAUGN and the Higher School of Interdisciplinary Research and Personality Development. The survey involved 54 respondents aged 22 to 63 years from Russia and another nine countries, most psychologists and students of psychological faculties, as well as persons interested in psychology. They underwent a three-day psychotherapeutic marathon aimed at stabilizing their emotional state in isolation due to the virus and at training self-help techniques. A large proportion of respondents obtained low flexibility of self-regulation and low activity indices and high values of anxiety, which can be explained by the situation of the epidemic and self-isolation. Factor analysis of respondents' assessments made it possible to distinguish four independent factors: emotional intelligence, self-regulation and alertness, well-being and mood, reflection, and control. Based on the results of the survey, recommendations were developed for the population to correct the flexibility of self-regulation, activity, and anxiety, as well as recommendations to organizations on the importance for employees of regular online meetings that help them continue to feel in the team, joint work, and communication. The conclusions emphasize theoretical and methodological issues of stability/plasticity of individual-personal and style properties in emergency conditions.

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