A study on the thermal and mechanical properties of composites made of nanolignocellulose and Pebax®polymer

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1509-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farsi ◽  
Afshin Tavasoli ◽  
Hossein Yousefi ◽  
Hassan Ziaei Tabari
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Enthalpy Changes ◽  
Regular Trend ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Lignocellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Properties Of Composites

This study aimed at producing the biodegradable composite from lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) and Pebax®thermoplastic elastomer. For this purpose, LCNFs at different levels of 0, 1, 3, and 5% were considered. The LCNFs were prepared by benzyl alcohol and then mixed with Pebax®. The liquid phase of the LCNFs and soluble polymer was prepared and then the masterbatches were mixed in an internal mixer (Model 815802, Brabender, Germany). The mixtures from the internal mixer were put into a hot press and test samples were compress-molded. The physical properties results indicated that water absorption and thickness swelling decreased by the addition of more amount of LCNF. By the addition of LCNFs to polymer, the tensile strength and modulus and impact strength were increased compared to samples without LCNF. No regular trend of enthalpy changes was observed as the content of LCNF changed. When the LCNF concentration was increased to 5%, the crystallization temperature was increased. As the LCNF concentration increased to 3%, the glass transition temperature ( Tg) was decreased, whereas by incorporating more LCNFs, the Tgwas increased. The result of the Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the peaks at 1740 cm−1which indicated the presence of polyamide bonds. Also, new peaks were observed in the range of 1400–1500 cm−1that was probably related to the presence of C−C bonds of glucose at LCNFs chains.

Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110153
Author(s):  
Jaber Mirzaei ◽  
Abdolhossein Fereidoon ◽  
Ahmad Ghasemi-Ghalebahman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Nanocomposites ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Internal Mixer

In this study, the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanosheets, kenaf fiber, and polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used as the experimental design. The blends fabricated in three levels of parameters include 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt% graphene nanosheets, 0, 7.5, and 15 wt% kenaf fiber, and 0, 3, and 6 wt% PP-g-MA, prepared by an internal mixer and a hot press machine. The fiber length was 5 mm and was being constant for all samples. Tensile, flexural, and impact tests were conducted to determine the blend properties. The purpose of this research is to achieve the highest mechanical properties of the considered nanocomposite blend. The addition of graphene nanosheets to 1 wt% increased the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 16%, 24%, and 19%, respectively, and an addition up to 1.5 wt% reduced them. With further addition of graphene nanosheets until 1.5 wt%, the elastic modulus was increased by 70%. Adding the kenaf fiber up to 15 wt% increased the elastic modulus, tensile, flexural, and impact strength by 24%, 84%, 18%, and 11%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA has increased the adhesion, dispersion and compatibility of graphene nanosheets and kenaf fibers with matrix. With 6 wt% PP-g-MA, the tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased by 18% and 75%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA to 5 wt% increased the flexural and impact strengths by 10% and 5%, respectively. From the entire experimental data, the optimum values for elastic modulus, as well as, tensile, flexural, and impact strengths in the blends were obtained to be 4 GPa, 33.7896 MPa, 57.6306 MPa, and 100.1421 J/m, respectively. Finally, samples were studied by FE-SEM to check the dispersion of graphene nanosheets, PP-g-MA and kenaf fibers in the polymeric matrix.

scholarly journals Effect of Glycidyl Methacrylate on Water Absorption Properties of Sago Hampas Biocomposite

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
M. S. Jamaludin ◽  
A. Zulkharnain ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
N. Wagiman
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Absorption Percentage ◽  
Properties Of Composites

 This study examines the water absorption of sago hampas biocomposite utilizing glycidyl methacrylate as its matrix. Composites were fabricated with 25, 30, 40 wt% sago hampas content and another sample of pure sago hampas using hydraulics hot press machine. The water absorption properties of composites with different sago hampas composition were investigated according to Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials of ASTM D570. Water absorption of pure sago hampas composite have the highest average water absorption percentage with 59.1 wt% as compared to the lowest average water absorption percentage recorded for 30 wt% sago hampas content biocomposite with 16.8%. However sago hampas loading was increased resulting in the increased in average water absorption on biocomposite for 40 wt% sago hampas content which is 33.1%.

scholarly journals DC inline plane test of silicone rubber samples with different filler for high-voltage insulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Nurbahirah Norddin ◽  
Intan Mastura Saadon ◽  
Najwa Kamarudin ◽  
Norain Rahim ◽  
Jeefferie bin Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
High Voltage Insulation ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Silicone Rubbers ◽  
Material Preparation ◽  
Inclined Plane Test

<span>This paper is about preparation of silicone rubber (SiR) samples with different filler for high-voltage insulation purpose. The fillers used were silica from waste glass, calcium carbonate from cockle shell, silica/calcium carbonate and wollastonite. All the fillers were crushed into powder and undergo internal mixer and hot press as a material preparation. It was expected that the combination of filler with silicone rubber would give better result when experiencing ageing process. The direct current (DC) inclined plane test was used to investigate the tracking and erosion on silicone rubber composites. The tracking length was observed between the top and bottom electrode. Comparison would then be made between the silicone rubbers with different fillers based on the result obtained from the experiment.</span>

scholarly journals Transcrystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene/Bacterial Cellulose Hamburger Composite

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Fu-hua Lin ◽  
Xiang-yang Li ◽  
Xu-ran Ji ◽  
Si-xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is a commonly used thermoplastic polymer with many excellent properties. But high brittleness, especially at low temperatures, limits the use of iPP. The presence of transcrystallization of iPP makes it possible for fiber-reinforced iPP composites with higher strength. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a kind of cellulose with great potential to be used as a new filler to reinforce iPP due to its high crystallinity, biodegradability and efficient mechanical properties. In this study, the iPP/BC hamburger composite was prepared by a simple hot press and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used to improve the interface compatibility of iPP and BC. The polarizing microscope (POM) photograph shows that BC successfully induces the transcrystallization of iPP. The differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) date proves that the addition of BC could improve the thermal properties and crystallization rate of the composite. Especially, this change is more obvious of the iPP/MAPP/BC. The mechanical properties of the iPP/BC composites were greatly increased. This DSC date is higher than BC; we used BC particles to enhance the iPP in our previous research. The scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis intuitively shows that the interface of the iPP/MAPP/BC is more smooth and flat than the iPP/BC. The fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the iPP/BC hamburger composites was shown that a new C=O group vibration appeared at 1743 cm−1, which indicated that the hydrogen bond structure of BC molecules was weakened and some hydroxyl groups were substituted after modification which can increase the lipophilicity of BC. These results indicated that the BC fiber can easily induce the transcrystallization of iPP, which has excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, the addition of MAPP contributes greatly to the interface compatibility of iPP and BC.

scholarly journals Influence of Incorporation of Natural Fibers on the Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Composites LDPE-Al Reinforced with Fique Fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Hidalgo-Salazar ◽  
Mario F. Muñoz ◽  
José H. Mina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Aluminum Particles ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Tetra Pak ◽  
Fique Fibers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Composites

This study shows the effect of the incorporation of natural fique fibers in a matrix formed by low-density polyethylene and aluminum (LDPE-Al) obtained in the recycling process of long-life Tetra Pak packaging. The reinforcement content was 10, 20, and 30% fibers, manufactured by hot-press compression molding of composite boards (LDPE-Al/fique). From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) it was determined that the proportions of the LDPE-Al were 75 : 25 w/w. Likewise, it was found that the aluminum particles increased the rigidity of the LDPE-Al, reducing the impact strength compared to LDPE recycled from Tetra Pak without aluminum; besides this, the crystallinity in the LDPE-Al increased with the presence of aluminum, which was observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The maximum strength and Young’s modulus to tensile and flexural properties increased with the incorporation of the fibers, this increase being a direct function of the amount of reinforcement contained in the material. Finally, a reduction in the density of the compound by the generation of voids at the interface between the LDPE-Al and fique fibers was identified, and there was also a greater water absorption due to weak interphase fiber-matrix and the hydrophilic fibers contained in the material.

Study on Effect of Particle Size of Matrix and Reinforcement on Properties of Iron Matrix Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
Yu Fang Yang ◽  
Kang Ju Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Iron Matrix ◽  
Direct Heating ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Hot Press Sintering ◽  
Properties Of Composites

The effect of particle size of iron and size of reinforce particle on properties of materials was studied systematically by the specimen current direct heating dynamic hot press sintering. It is found that mechanical properties of composites increase with the increasing particle size of iron. The properties of SiCp/Fe composites firstly increase and decrease with particle size of SiC and properties are better when size is 15μm.

Compatibilized PP/EPDM-Kenaf Fibre Composite Using Melt Blending Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazleen Anuar ◽  
N.A. Hassan ◽  
F. Mohd Fauzey
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrograph ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Internal Mixer

Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) composite reinforced with Hibiscus cannabinus, L fiber (kenaf fiber, KF) was prepared via melt blending method using internal mixer at temperature 180°C, screw rotational speed at 40rpm for 10 min. TPE matrix is a blend of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) at a ratio of 70:30. The optimum fiber loading were investigated from 0% to 20% by volume. The effect of coupling agent maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) on the TPE composite has been investigated. The result shown that, with increasing the kenaf fiber content gradually increased the tensile strength and flexural strength for both treated and untreated PP/EPDM-KF composite. However, at 20% of kenaf fiber loading, it showed decreasing in impact strength due to brittleness of the samples. From the scanning electron micrograph (SEM) it has shown that the composite, with compatibilizer promotes better interaction between TPE and kenaf fiber.

Hot-Press Sintering Densification, Microstructure and Properties of SiC-TiB2/B4C Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Xin Zhu ◽  
Yu Jun Zhang ◽  
Hong Sheng Wang ◽  
Chong Hai Wang ◽  
Shuang Shuang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Silicon Powder ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Hot Press Sintering ◽  
Properties Of Composites

SiC-TiB2/B4C composites were fabricated by hot-press sintering B4C with silicon powder and tetrabutyl titanate (precursor of TiO2) as sintering and reinforcement agents. The influence of additives on hot-press sintering densification, microstructure and properties of composites were studied. The results showed that TiB2 and SiC generated by chemical reaction between additives and B4C matrix reinforced the sintering activity of the mixed powders and accelerated significantly the hot-press sintering densification rate of B4C from 1200 °C to 1700 °C. According to the SEM observation, the second phase of TiB2 and SiC particles synthetized in situ sited along the grain boundaries of B4C, meanwhile, those SiC particles of nanoscale size embedded into the B4C grains, and thereby, intra/inter-type ceramics formed. The maximum relative density of 98.1% was obtained with 9wt.% TiO2. The typical valus of Vickers hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness can reach 26.7 GPa, 580 MPa and 5.0 MPam1/2, respectively.

scholarly journals A review on graft compatibilizer for thermoplastic elastomer blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
K.K. Nitiyah ◽  
Luqman Musa ◽  
M.S.M. Rasidi ◽  
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim ◽  
Rozyanty Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elastomer Blend

Abstract A biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blend is developed by blending poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and natural rubber (NR) or epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and it is a sustainable substitution in recent years for synthetic polymers. PLA is high in mechanical strength and compostable, but it is highly stiff and brittle. The incorporation of NR or ENR to PLA increases the impact strength and toughness of PLA. However, the disparity in polarity between PLA and elastomer phase like NR and ENR results in TPE blend being incompatible. Hence, compatibilization is essential to improve its polarity and develop interactions. Compatibilizer that composed of two different polymer is known is graft compatibilizer with the aid of grafting agent. The graft compatibilizers are divided into two categories. The first type is made up of one polymer and grafting agent and, the other one is composed of two polymer groups and grafting agent. These two types of graft compatibilizer can be prepared via two different method such as direct melt blending and solution. Apart from this, the TPE blend is produced via the melt blending technique with mixing machines such as internal mixer and extruder. This article has reviewed the preparation of the graft compatibilizer and blending technique of TPE. Based on the findings, the graft compatibilizers has a significant role in improving miscibility and compatibility across blend composed of different phase.

scholarly journals Effects of T6 Treatment, Tensile Temperature, and Mass Fraction of SiC on the Mechanical Properties of SiCp/6061Al Composites

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Hu ◽  
Tong Wu ◽  
Yue Guo ◽  
Wenyang Wang ◽  
Mingkai Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Service Environment ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Hot Press Sintering ◽  
Properties Of Composites

SiCp/6061Al composites have been developed and widely applied in many fields, such as automobile, aerospace, shipping, and so on. Considering heat treatment, service environment, and strength of composites, this paper comprehensively studies the mechanical properties of SiCp/6061Al composites with a large range of SiC mass fractions under T6 treatments and different tensile temperatures. SiCp/6061Al composites were successfully prepared by hot press sintering at various SiC mass fractions (0–30%), and the influences of SiC concentration and T6 treatment on the mechanical properties of composites were characterized via tensile tests at room temperature, 100, and 200 °C. Microstructure and fracture surfaces of composites with various SiC concentrations were further analyzed by optical microscope and SEM. The formula for the biggest critical reinforcement concentration for the saturated distribution of SiC is proposed to reveal the strengthening rule of different SiC concentrations. Results show that the effect of T6 treatment on the mechanical properties of composites is a marked increase in tensile strength and an obvious decrease in elongation. The increase in the SiC mass fraction, except at 30%, is able to bring an increase in tensile strength and a decrease in elongation, and the change of the elongation is insignification in T6-treated specimens. The tensile strength of T6-treated specimens decreases as temperature increases, and the composite has a maximum elongation at 100 °C.

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